Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/03/11 14:48:39」(JST)

wiki en

Cartoon diagram of a dimer of Escherichia coli galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase (GALT) in complex with UDP-galactose (stick models). Potassium, zinc, and iron ions are visible as purple, gray, and bronze-colored spheres respectively.

In biochemistry, a dimer is a macromolecular complex formed by two, usually non-covalently bound, macromolecules such as proteins or nucleic acids. It is a quaternary structure of a protein.

A homodimer is formed by two identical molecules (a process called homodimerisation). A heterodimer is formed by two different macromolecules (called heterodimerisation).

Most dimers in biochemistry are not connected by covalent bonds. An example of a non-covalent heterodimer is the enzyme reverse transcriptase, which is composed of two different amino acid chains.^[1] An exception is dimers that are linked by disulfide bridges such as the homodimeric protein NEMO.^[2]

Some proteins contain specialized domains to ensure dimerization (dimerization domains).

Examples

Antibodies
Receptor tyrosine kinases
Transcription factors
- Leucine zipper motif proteins
- Nuclear receptors
14-3-3 proteins
G protein-coupled receptors
G protein βγ-subunit dimer
Kinesin
Triosephosphateisomerase (TIM)
Alcohol dehydrogenase
Factor XI
Factor XIII
Toll-like receptor
Fibrinogen
Variable surface glycoproteins of the Trypanosoma parasite
Tubulin

References

^ Sluis-Cremer N, Hamamouch N, San Félix A, Velazquez S, Balzarini J, Camarasa MJ (August 2006). "Structure-activity relationships of [2',5'-bis-O-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)-beta-D-ribofuranosyl]- 3'-spiro-5' '-(4' '-amino-1' ',2' '-oxathiole-2' ',2' '-dioxide)thymine derivatives as inhibitors of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase dimerization". J. Med. Chem. 49 (16): 4834–41. doi:10.1021/jm0604575. PMID 16884295.
^ Herscovitch M, Comb W, Ennis T, Coleman K, Yong S, Armstead B, Kalaitzidis D, Chandani S, Gilmore TD (February 2008). "Intermolecular disulfide bond formation in the NEMO dimer requires Cys54 and Cys347". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 367 (1): 103–8. doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.12.123. PMC 2277332. PMID 18164680.

This biochemistry article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

1. T細胞受容体の遺伝学 t cell receptor genetics
2. 抗酸菌易感染性を示すメンデル型遺伝性疾患：概要 mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial diseases an overview
3. 急性骨髄性白血病の分子遺伝学 molecular genetics of acute myeloid leukemia
4. Toll様受容体：疾患および治療における役割 toll like receptors roles in disease and therapy
5. バーキットリンパ腫の病理学 pathobiology of burkitt lymphoma

English Journal

Interleukin-23 as a potential therapeutic target for rheumatoid arthritis.

Rong C, Hu W, Wu FR, Cao XJ, Chen FH.SourceCollege of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road Hefei, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, People's Republic of China.
Molecular and cellular biochemistry.Mol Cell Biochem.2012 Feb;361(1-2):243-8. Epub 2011 Oct 20.
Cytokine-mediated immunity plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of various autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Increasing evidence has revealed the importance of IL-23, which closely resembles IL-12 structurally and immunologically, in linking innate and adaptive immunity.
PMID 22012611

Role of integrin α1 subunits in gastric cancer patients with peritoneal dissemination.

Fukuda K, Saikawa Y, Yagi H, Wada N, Takahashi T, Kitagawa Y.SourceDepartment of Surgery, School of Medicine, Keio University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.
Molecular medicine reports.Mol Med Report.2012 Feb;5(2):336-40. doi: 10.3892/mmr.2011.642. Epub 2011 Oct 21.
The interaction between gastric cancer (GC) cells and the peritoneum is a critical event in peritoneal dissemination. The molecular mechanisms of this dissemination, however, remain unclear. Integrins are heterodimeric cell adhesion molecules consisting of α and
PMID 22021051

Japanese Journal

Nuclear localization of mouse Ku70 in interphase cells and focus formation of mouse Ku70 at DNA damage sites immediately after irradiation

KOIKE Manabu,YUTOKU Yasutomo,KOIKE Aki
Journal of Veterinary Medical Science advpub(0), 2015
… Furthermore, our findings indicate that EYFP-mouse Ku70 accumulates with its heterodimeric partner Ku80 immediately at laser-microirradiated DSB sites. …
NAID 130005067036

Prediction of Heterotrimeric Protein Complexes by Two-phase Learning Using Neighboring Kernels

Peiying Ruan,Morihiro Hayashida,Osamu Maruyama,Tatsuya Akutsu
研究報告数理モデル化と問題解決（MPS） 2014-MPS-98(26), 1-5, 2014-06-18
… In our previous work, we developed a method with several feature space mappings and the domain composition kernel for prediction of heterodimeric protein complexes, which outperforms existing methods. … In our previous work, we developed a method with several feature space mappings and the domain composition kernel for prediction of heterodimeric protein complexes, which outperforms existing methods. …
NAID 170000084048

Prediction of Heterotrimeric Protein Complexes by Two-phase Learning Using Neighboring Kernels

Peiying Ruan,Morihiro Hayashida,Osamu Maruyama,Tatsuya Akutsu
研究報告バイオ情報学（BIO） 2014-BIO-38(26), 1-5, 2014-06-18
… In our previous work, we developed a method with several feature space mappings and the domain composition kernel for prediction of heterodimeric protein complexes, which outperforms existing methods. … In our previous work, we developed a method with several feature space mappings and the domain composition kernel for prediction of heterodimeric protein complexes, which outperforms existing methods. …
NAID 170000084005