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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/06/12 09:41:55」(JST)

A heptose is a monosaccharide with seven carbon atoms.

They have either an aldehyde functional group in position 1 (aldoheptoses) or a ketone functional group in position 2 (ketoheptoses).

There are few examples of C-7 sugars in nature, among which are:

Sedoheptulose or D-altro-heptulose (a ketose), an early intermediate in lipid A biosynthesis
Mannoheptulose, found in avocados
L-glycero-D-manno-heptose (an aldose), a late intermediate in lipid A biosynthesis.

Ketoheptoses have 4 chiral centers, whereas aldoheptoses have 5.

References

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Global and targeted lipid analysis of Gemmata obscuriglobus reveals the presence of lipopolysaccharide, a signature of the classical Gram-negative outer membrane.

Mahat R1, Seebart C1, Basile F2, Ward NL2.
Journal of bacteriology.J Bacteriol.2015 Oct 19. pii: JB.00517-15. [Epub ahead of print]
Planctomycete bacteria possess many unusual cellular properties, contributing to a cell plan long considered to be unique among the Bacteria. However, data from recent studies are more consistent with a modified Gram-negative cell plan. A key feature of the Gram- negative plan is the presence of an
PMID 26483522

Cloning and expression of 3-deoxy-d-manno-oct-2-ulosonic acid α-ketoside hydrolase from oyster hepatopancreas†.

Nakagawa T1, Shimada Y1, Pavlova NV1, Li SC1, Li YT2.
Glycobiology.Glycobiology.2015 Sep 11. pii: cwv074. [Epub ahead of print]
We have previously reported that oyster hepatopancreas contained three unusual α-ketoside hydrolases: (i) a 3-deoxy-d-manno-oct-2-ulosonic acid α-ketoside hydrolase (α-Kdo-ase), (ii) a 3-deoxy-d-glycero-d-galacto-non-2-ulosonic acid α-ketoside hydrolase and (iii) a bifunctional ketoside hydrolas
PMID 26362869

Interaction of human mannose-binding lectin (MBL) with Yersinia enterocolitica lipopolysaccharide.

Kasperkiewicz K1, Swierzko AS2, Bartlomiejczyk MA2, Cedzynski M3, Noszczynska M1, Duda KA4, Michalski M2, Skurnik M5.
International journal of medical microbiology : IJMM.Int J Med Microbiol.2015 Sep;305(6):544-52. doi: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2015.07.001. Epub 2015 Jul 8.
The lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is involved in the interaction between Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria and host. Mannose-binding lectin (MBL), complement-activating soluble pattern-recognition receptor targets microbial glycoconjugates, including LPS. We studied its interactions with a set of Yersini
PMID 26188838

Synthesis of a Spacer-Linked Derivative of Heptopyranosyl(α1-3)heptopyranose Expressed in Lipooligosaccharide and Lipopolysaccharide

YAMASAKI Ryohei,NAGAHARA Kaori,KISHIMOTO Katsuya [他],TAKAJYO Akihiko
Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry 76(4), 772-777, 2012-04-23
… The resulting α1-3-linked heptose disaccharide was converted to a tricholoroacetaimidate derivative containing a benzoyl group at C-2. …
NAID 10030751887

Characterization of the carbohydrate backbone of Vibrio parahaemolyticus O6 lipopolysaccharides

一色恭徳,近藤誠一
Microbiology and Immunology 55(8), 539-551, 2011-08
… The carbohydrate backbone isolated from O6 LPS by sequential derivatization, that is, dephosphorylation, O-deacylation, pyridylamination, N-deacylation and N-acetylation, is a nonasaccharide consisting of 3 mol of D-glucosamine (GlcN) (of which one is pyridylaminated), 2 mol of L-glycero-D-manno-heptose (Hep), and 1 mol each of D-galactose (Gal), D-glucose (Glc), D-glucuronic acid (GlcA) and 3-deoxy-D-manno-oct-2-ulosonic acid (Kdo). …
NAID 120005352517

Heat Deterioration of Phospholipids. IV. Thermally Deteriorated Products from Phosphatidylethanolamine and Several Sugars

Hamaguchi Nobutoshi,Yokoyama Yosuke,Kasahara Yoshihito [他],HAYASHI Akihito,SONO Ryoji,TEBAYASHI Shin-ichi,KIM Chul-Sa,KOH Hen-Sik
Journal of Oleo Science 55(12), 607-613, 2006
… Therefore, several pentoses, a heptose and 2-deoxysugars besides hexoses were examined. … On the other hand, two 2,3-dihydro-1H-imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-4-ylium derivatives with 1,2-dihydroxyethyl group at 6 position on the ring were formed when a heptose was reacted with PE in DSSL fr. …
NAID 130000055587