関: proctocolitis、proctosigmoiditis、rectocolitis

WordNet

of or relating to a hemorrhage (同)haemorrhagic

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/06/22 20:17:15」(JST)

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In medicine, colitis (pl. colitides) refers to an inflammation of the colon and is often used to describe an inflammation of the large intestine (colon, caecum and rectum).

Colitides may be acute and self-limited or chronic, i.e. persistent, and broadly fits into the category of digestive diseases.

In a medical context, the label colitis (without qualification) is used if:

The aetiology of the inflammation in the colon is undetermined; for example, colitis may be applied to Crohn's disease at a time when the diagnosis is unknown, or
The context is clear; for example, an individual with ulcerative colitis is talking about their disease with a physician who knows the diagnosis.

Signs and symptoms

The signs and symptoms of colitides are quite variable and dependent on the etiology (or cause) of the given colitis and factors that modify its course and severity.

Symptoms of colitis may include: abdominal pain, loss of appetite, fatigue, bloody diarrhea, mucus in the stool,^[1] cramping, urgency and bloating.

Signs may include: abdominal tenderness, weight loss, changes in bowel habits (increased frequency), fever, bleeding (overt or occult)/bloody stools, diarrhea, and distension.

Signs seen on colonoscopy include: colonic mucosal erythema (redness of the inner surface of the colon), ulcers, bleeding.

Diagnosis

Symptoms suggestive of colitis are worked-up by obtaining the medical history, a physical examination and laboratory tests (CBC, electrolytes, stool culture and sensitivity, stool ova and parasites et cetera). Additional tests may include medical imaging (e.g. abdominal computed tomography, abdominal X-rays) and an examination with a camera inserted into the rectum (sigmoidoscopy, colonoscopy).

Types

There are many types of colitis. They are usually classified by the etiology.

Types of colitis include:

Micrograph showing intestinal crypt branching, a histopathological finding of chronic colitis. H&E stain.

Micrograph of collagenous colitis. H&E stain.

Micrograph of a colonic pseudomembrane, as may be seen in Clostridium difficile colitis, a type of infectious colitis.

Autoimmune

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) - a group of chronic colitides.

Ulcerative colitis - a chronic colitis that affects the large intestine.

**Crohn's disease - a type of IBD often leads to a colitis.

Idiopathic

Microscopic colitis - a colitis is diagnosed by microscopic examination of colonic tissue; macroscopically it is normal appearing.

Lymphocytic colitis.

Collagenous colitis.

Iatrogenic

Diversion colitis.
Chemical colitis.

Vascular disease

Ischemic colitis.

Infectious

Infectious colitis.

A well-known subtype of infectious colitis is Clostridium difficile colitis,^[2] which is informally abbreviated as "c diff colitis". It classically forms pseudomembranes and is often referred to as pseudomembranous colitis, which is its (non-specific) histomorphologic description.

Enterohemorrhagic colitis may be caused by Shiga toxin in Shigella dysenteriae or Shigatoxigenic group of Escherichia coli (STEC), which includes serotype O157:H7 and other enterohemorrhagic E. coli.^[3]

Parasitic infections, like those caused by Entamoeba histolytica, can also cause colitis.

Unclassifiable colitides

Indeterminate colitis is the classification for colitis that has features of both Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.^[4] Indeterminate colitis' behaviour is usually closer to ulcerative colitis than Crohn's disease.^[5]

Atypical colitis is a phrase that is occasionally used by physicians for a colitis that does not conform to criteria for accepted types of colitis. It is not an accepted diagnosis per se and, as such, a colitis that cannot be definitively classified.

Notes

^ Tresca, Amber J. (March 4, 2014). "Inflamatory Bowel Disease - What Can Cause Mucus in the Stool?". About.com. Retrieved 2014-02-06.
^ "Clostridium Difficile Colitis - Overview". WebMD, LLC. Retrieved 2006-09-15.
^ Beutin L (2006). "Emerging enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli, causes and effects of the rise of a human pathogen". J Vet Med B Infect Dis Vet Public Health 53 (7): 299–305. doi:10.1111/j.1439-0450.2006.00968.x. PMID 16930272.
^ Romano, C.; Famiani, A.; Gallizzi, R.; Comito, D.; Ferrau', V.; Rossi, P. (Dec 2008). "Indeterminate colitis: a distinctive clinical pattern of inflammatory bowel disease in children.". Pediatrics 122 (6): e1278–81. doi:10.1542/peds.2008-2306. PMID 19047226.
^ Melton, GB.; Kiran, RP.; Fazio, VW.; He, J.; Shen, B.; Goldblum, JR.; Achkar, JP.; Lavery, IC.; Remzi, FH. (Jul 2009). "Do preoperative factors predict subsequent diagnosis of Crohn's disease after ileal pouch-anal anastomosis for ulcerative or indeterminate colitis?". Colorectal Dis 12 (10): 1026–32. doi:10.1111/j.1463-1318.2009.02014.x. PMID 19624520.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Colitis.

Colitis at GPnotebook

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1. 妊娠していない生殖可能年齢の女性における不正子宮出血に対するアプローチ approach to abnormal uterine bleeding in nonpregnant reproductive age women
2. 小児における上部消化管出血に対するアプローチ approach to upper gastrointestinal bleeding in children
3. 成人における急性下部消化管出血に対するアプローチ approach to acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding in adults
4. 出血症状を有する小児に対するアプローチ approach to the child with bleeding symptoms
5. 出血性消化性潰瘍の治療の概要 overview of the treatment of bleeding peptic ulcers

English Journal

Microscopic colitis patients demonstrate a mixed Th17/Tc17 and Th1/Tc1 mucosal cytokine profile.

Kumawat AK, Strid H, Tysk C, Bohr J, Hörnquist EH.SourceSchool of Health and Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Sweden. Electronic address: ashok.kumawat@oru.se.
Molecular immunology.Mol Immunol.2013 Oct;55(3-4):355-64. doi: 10.1016/j.molimm.2013.03.007. Epub 2013 Apr 6.
BACKGROUND: Microscopic colitis (MC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disorder of unknown aetiology comprising collagenous colitis (CC) and lymphocytic colitis (LC). Data on the local cytokine profile in MC is limited. This study investigated the T helper (Th) cell and cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) mu
PMID 23566938

Protective effect of magnesium lithospermate B against dextran sodiumsulfate induced ulcerative colitis in mice.

Jiang X, Jiang Y, Sun D, Rong L.SourceDepartment of Gastroenterology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, China.
Environmental toxicology and pharmacology.Environ Toxicol Pharmacol.2013 Jul;36(1):97-102. doi: 10.1016/j.etap.2013.03.010. Epub 2013 Mar 22.
Anti-platelet drugs have been used to treat inflammatory bowel disease. In this study, we observed the therapeutic effects of magnesium lithospermate B, a main component of salvianolate, on colitis induced by dextran sodiumsulfate (DSS). Colitis was induced by 5% DSS oral administration in BALB/C ma
PMID 23603461

Gene and protein expression of centaurin beta 1 (CENTB1) are up-regulated in patients with ulcerative colitis.

Yamamoto-Furusho JK, Furuzawa-Carballeda J, Fonseca-Camarillo G.SourceInflammatory Bowel Disease Clinic, Department of Gastroenterology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México, D.F., Mexico. Electronic address: kazuofurusho@hotmail.com.
Journal of Crohn's & colitis.J Crohns Colitis.2013 Jul 1;7(6):e238-9. doi: 10.1016/j.crohns.2012.12.004. Epub 2013 Jan 11.
PMID 23317930

Japanese Journal

放射線治療の晩期有害事象に対する高気圧酸素療法についての検討

松下晴雄,根本建二,小川芳弘,有賀久哲,武田賢,坂谷内徹,藤本圭介,奈良崎覚太朗,神宮啓一,高井良尋,山田章吾
The Journal of JASTRO 19(3), 147-155, 2007
放射線治療後晩期有害事象に対し，高気圧酸素療法が施行された29例を対象に，その治療効果などについて検討した．障害内容の内訳は，（上）下顎骨壊死あるいは骨髄炎 8 例，直腸粘膜障害 7 例，出血性膀胱炎 7 例，食道潰瘍 3 例，喉頭壊死 2 例，放射線脊髄症，皮膚潰瘍が各 1 例であった．高気圧酸素療法前後の状態をRTOG/EORTC遅発性放射線反応評価基準に従って評価し，gradeで 2 段階以 …
NAID 130004497112

難治性出血性放射線性腸炎に対する内視鏡的ホルマリン散布療法の検討

松浦隆志,徳光陽一郎,橋口一利
日本大腸肛門病学会雑誌 54(4), 253-257, 2001-04
… We treated 4 patients with hemorrhagic radiation colitis that required multiple blood transfusions and had low hemoglobin levels, by 4-5% formalin solution spraying under endoscopic observation. … No further bleeding was noted, and no blood transfusions were needed.<BR>Endoscopic formalin spraying treatment is a simple, effective, safe, inexpensive, and minimally invasive therapy for radiation-induced hemorrhagic colitis. …
NAID 10007904602

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「proctosigmoiditis」「出血性直腸結腸炎」「rectocolitis」
関連記事	「hemorrhagic」

「proctosigmoiditis」

Colitis
	Classification and external resources
	A micrograph demonstrating cryptitis, a microscopic correlate of colitis. H&E stain.
ICD-10	K50 - K52
ICD-9	556.9
OMIM	191390
DiseasesDB	31340
MedlinePlus	001125
MeSH	C06.405.205.265

　　[★]

直腸S状結腸炎、S字結腸炎

関: hemorrhagic proctocolitis、proctocolitis、rectocolitis、sigmoiditis

「出血性直腸結腸炎」

　　[★]

英: hemorrhagic proctocolitis
関: S字結腸炎、直腸結腸炎、結腸大腸炎

「rectocolitis」

　　[★]

結腸大腸炎

関: hemorrhagic proctocolitis、proctocolitis、proctosigmoiditis

「hemorrhagic」

　　[★]

adj.

出血性の、易出血性の

関: haemophilic、haemorrhagic、hemophilic

[1] Tresca, Amber J. (March 4, 2014). "Inflamatory Bowel Disease - What Can Cause Mucus in the Stool?". About.com. Retrieved 2014-02-06.

[2] "Clostridium Difficile Colitis - Overview". WebMD, LLC. Retrieved 2006-09-15.

[Beutin_2006-3] Beutin L (2006). "Emerging enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli, causes and effects of the rise of a human pathogen". J Vet Med B Infect Dis Vet Public Health 53 (7): 299–305. doi:10.1111/j.1439-0450.2006.00968.x. PMID 16930272.

[4] Romano, C.; Famiani, A.; Gallizzi, R.; Comito, D.; Ferrau', V.; Rossi, P. (Dec 2008). "Indeterminate colitis: a distinctive clinical pattern of inflammatory bowel disease in children.". Pediatrics 122 (6): e1278–81. doi:10.1542/peds.2008-2306. PMID 19047226.

[pmid19624520-5] Melton, GB.; Kiran, RP.; Fazio, VW.; He, J.; Shen, B.; Goldblum, JR.; Achkar, JP.; Lavery, IC.; Remzi, FH. (Jul 2009). "Do preoperative factors predict subsequent diagnosis of Crohn's disease after ileal pouch-anal anastomosis for ulcerative or indeterminate colitis?". Colorectal Dis 12 (10): 1026–32. doi:10.1111/j.1463-1318.2009.02014.x. PMID 19624520.

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案内

hemorrhagic proctocolitis