helix-turn-helix motif

ヘリックス・ターン・ヘリックス・モチーフ

WordNet

1. to send or let go; "They turned away the crowd at the gate of the governors mansion"
2. (sports) a division during which one team is on the offensive (同)bout, round
3. pass into a condition gradually, take on a specific property or attribute; become; "The weather turned nasty"; "She grew angry" (同)grow
4. become officially one year older; "She is turning 50 this year"
5. change color; "In Vermont, the leaves turn early"
6. a favor for someone; "he did me a good turn" (同)good turn
7. (game) the activity of doing something in an agreed succession; "it is my turn"; "it is still my play" (同)play
8. the act of changing or reversing the direction of the course; "he took a turn to the right" (同)turning
9. taking a short walk out and back; "we took a turn in the park"
10. the act of turning away or in the opposite direction; "he made an abrupt turn away from her"
11. an unforeseen development; "events suddenly took an awkward turn" (同)turn of events, twist
12. pass to the other side of; "turn the corner"; "move around the obstacle" (同)move around
13. let (something) fall or spill from a container; "turn the flour onto a plate" (同)release
14. cause to move around a center so as to show another side of; "turn a page of a book" (同)turn_over
15. accomplish by rotating; "turn a somersault"; "turn cartwheels"
16. alter the functioning or setting of; "turn the dial to 10"; "turn the heat down"
17. cause to change or turn into something different;assume new characteristics; "The princess turned the frog into a prince by kissing him"; "The alchemists tried to turn lead into gold"
18. cause to move along an axis or into a new direction; "turn your face to the wall"; "turn the car around"; "turn your dance partner around"
19. cause to move around or rotate; "turn a key"; "turn your palm this way"
20. change orientation or direction, also in the abstract sense; "Turn towards me"; "The mugger turned and fled before I could see his face"; "She turned from herself and learned to listen to others needs"
21. channel ones attention, interest, thought, or attention toward or away from something; "The pedophile turned to boys for satisfaction"; "people turn to mysticism at the turn of a millennium"
22. direct at someone; "She turned a smile on me"; "They turned their flashlights on the car"
23. get by buying and selling; "the company turned a good profit after a year"
24. move around an axis or a center; "The wheels are turning"
25. shape by rotating on a lathe or cutting device or a wheel; "turn the legs of the table"; "turn the clay on the wheel"
26. act of changing in practice or custom; "the law took many turnings over the years"
27. the activity of shaping something on a lathe
28. the end-product created by shaping something on a lathe
29. a movement in a new direction; "the turning of the wind" (同)turn
30. a shaving created when something is produced by turning it on a lathe
31. a design or figure that consists of recurring shapes or colors, as in architecture or decoration (同)motive
32. a theme that is repeated or elaborated in a piece of music (同)motive
33. a curve that lies on the surface of a cylinder or cone and cuts the element at a constant angle (同)spiral
34. type genus of the family Helicidae (同)genus Helix

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. …‘を'『回す』,回転させる / 〈角など〉‘を'『曲がる』,迂回(うかい)する / …‘を'『ひっくり返す』,裏返す / …‘の'『向きを変える』,‘を'方向転換させる / …‘を'向ける / …‘を'『変化させる』,変質(変色)させる / ‥‘を'行かせる,追い払う / 〈ある年齢・時刻・数量など〉‘を'越す,過ぎる / 《副詞[句]を伴って》‥‘を'乱す,めちゃめちゃにする / 〈胃〉‘を'むかつかせる;〈心・頭など〉‘を'混乱させる,狂わせる / …‘を'折る,曲げる,ねじる;〈足首〉‘を'くじく / …‘に'丸みをつける;(旋盤・ろくろで)…‘を'作る / …‘を'きれいに形作る;〈文・曲など〉‘を'うまく作る / 〈商品・資金〉‘を'回転させる;〈利益〉‘を'あげる / 〈土・畑など〉‘を'掘り返す(plow) / (何かを軸・中心にして)『回る』,回転する / (…に)『進路を変える』;〈道路などが〉(…に)曲がる;折れる;〈風などが〉(…に)向きを変える《+to(toward)+名》 / 〈人が〉(…に向かって)ふり向く《+toward+名》,(…から)そらす《+from+名》 / 〈人が〉ころがる,寝込りを打つ / 〈物が〉さかさになる,裏返しになる / (…に)心(注意など)を向ける《+to+名》;(…から)心(注意など)をそらす《+from+名》 / 変わる,なる / 〈木の葉などが〉変色する;〈牛乳などが〉変質する,腐敗する / 〈胃が〉むかつく;〈心・頭が〉混乱する,変になる;〈頭が〉ふらつく / 〈パイプなどが〉曲がる,たわむ / 〈C〉『回転』,回ること / 〈C〉『方向転換』,曲がること,折り返し / 〈C〉曲がり目;曲がり角,折り返し点 / 〈C〉《a turn》(状況などの)変化,転機;《the turn》(…の)変り目,転換期《+of+名》 / 〈C〉『順番』,番 / 〈C〉《a turn》一回りの散歩(ドライブ);一仕事 / 〈C〉行い,行為 / 《a turn》言い回し,言葉遣い / 〈C〉(…の)性向,気質;素質,才能《+『for』+『名』(do『ing』)》 / 〈C〉形,格好 / 〈C〉《話》(めまい・吐き気などの)発作《+of+名》 / 〈C〉《話》ショック,はっとすること / 〈C〉必要,急場 / 〈C〉見方,解釈;くふう,ひねり(twist) / 〈C〉《おもに英》(寄席などの)出し物,演芸
2. (…への)曲がり角《+to+名》
3. モチーフ / 文学・芸術作品の表現の中心となる主題 / 楽曲の主題 / デザインなどに繰り返して用いられる主模様
4. らせん / らせん形のもの

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/10/02 10:26:52」(JST)

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[Wiki en表示]

The λ repressor of bacteriophage lambda employs a helix-turn-helix (left; green) to bind DNA (right; blue and red).

In proteins, the helix-turn-helix (HTH) is a major structural motif capable of binding DNA. It is composed of two α helices joined by a short strand of amino acids and is found in many proteins that regulate gene expression. It should not be confused with the helix-loop-helix domain.

Discovery

The discovery of the helix-turn-helix motif was based on similarities between several genes encoding transcription regulatory proteins from bacteriophage lambda and Escherichia coli: Cro, CAP, and λ repressor, which were found to share a common 20-25 amino acid sequence that facilitates DNA recognition.

Function

The helix-turn-helix motif is a DNA-binding motif. The recognition and binding to DNA by helix-turn-helix proteins is done by the two α helices, one occupying the N-terminal end of the motif, the other at the C-terminus. In most cases, such as in the Cro repressor, the second helix contributes most to DNA recognition, and hence it is often called the "recognition helix". It binds to the major groove of DNA through a series of hydrogen bonds and various Van der Waals interactions with exposed bases. The other α helix stabilizes the interaction between protein and DNA, but does not play a particularly strong role in its recognition. The recognition helix and its preceding helix always have the same relative orientation.

Classification of helix-turn-helix motifs

Several attempts have been made to classify the helix-turn-helix motifs based on their structure and the spatial arrangement of their helices. Some of the main types are described below.

Di-helical

The di-helical helix-turn-helix motif is the simplest helix-turn-helix motif. A fragment of Engrailed homeodomain encompassing only the two helices and the turn was found to be an ultrafast independently folding protein domain.

Tri-helical

An example of this motif is found in the Transcriptional activator Myb.

Tetra-helical

The tetra-helical helix-turn-helix motif has an additional C-terminal helix compared to the tri-helical motifs. These include the LuxR-type DNA-binding HTH domain found in bacterial transcription factors and the helix-turn-helix motif found in the TetR repressors. Multihelical versions with additional helices also occur.

Winged helix-turn-helix

The winged helix-turn-helix (wHTH) motif is formed by a 3-helical bundle and a 3- or 4-strand beta-sheet (wing). The topology of helices and strands in the wHTH motifs may vary. In the transcription factor ETS wHTH folds into a helix-turn-helix motif on a four-stranded anti-parallel beta-sheet scaffold arranged in the order α1-β1-β2-α2-α3-β3-β4 where the third helix is the DNA recognition helix.

Other modified helix-turn-helix motifs

Other derivatives of the helix-turn-helix motif include the DNA-binding domain found in MarR, a regulator of multiple antibiotic resistance, which forms a winged helix-turn-helix with an additional C-terminal alpha helix.

See also

• DNA-binding domain
• DNA-binding protein
• Secondary structure
• Zinc finger

References

Further reading

• Struhl K (1989). "Helix-turn-helix, zinc-finger, and leucine-zipper motifs for eukaryotic transcriptional regulatory proteins.". Trends Biochem Sci 14 (4): 137–40. doi:10.1016/0968-0004(89)90145-X. PMID 2499084. 
• Gajiwala KS, Burley SK (2000). "Winged helix proteins.". Curr Opin Struct Biol 10 (1): 110–6. PMID 10679470. 
• Santos CL, Tavares F, Thioulouse J, Normand P (2009). "A phylogenomic analysis of bacterial helix-turn-helix transcription factors.". FEMS Microbiol Rev 33 (2): 411–29. doi:10.1111/j.1574-6976.2008.00154.x. PMID 19076237. 
• Hoskisson PA, Rigali S (2009). "Chapter 1: Variation in form and function the helix-turn-helix regulators of the GntR superfamily.". Adv Appl Microbiol 69: 1–22. doi:10.1016/S0065-2164(09)69001-8. PMID 19729089. 
• Brennan RG (1993). "The winged-helix DNA-binding motif: another helix-turn-helix takeoff.". Cell 74 (5): 773–6. doi:10.1016/0092-8674(93)90456-Z. PMID 8374950. 
• Huffman JL, Brennan RG (2002). "Prokaryotic transcription regulators: more than just the helix-turn-helix motif.". Curr Opin Struct Biol 12 (1): 98–106. doi:10.1016/s0959-440x(02)00295-6. PMID 11839496. 

External links

• Helix-turn-helix motif, lambda-like repressor, from EMBL
• Full PDB entry for PDB ID 1LMB
• Cro/C1-type HTH domain, more HTHs in PROSITE

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• A new missense mutation in the paired domain of the mouse <i>Pax3</i> gene

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• A new missense mutation in the paired domain of the mouse <i>Pax3</i> gene

• Experimental Animals, 2017
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• 2P065 Helix-turn-helixモチーフを有する蛋白質のpH変化およびDNA結合に伴う動的構造変化の解明(01C. 蛋白質:物性,ポスター,第52回日本生物物理学会年会(2014年度))

• 生物物理 54(supplement1-2), S205, 2014
• NAID 110009932611

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「HTH motif」

　　[★]

• ヘリックス・ターン・ヘリックス・モチーフ、HTHモチーフ

関

helix-turn-helix motif

「ヘリックス・ターン・ヘリックス・モチーフ」

　　[★]

英

helix-turn-helix motif、HTH motif

関

HTHモチーフ

「turn」

　　[★]

• n.

• 回転、ターン、順番、変化

• v.

• 回転する、なる

関

alter、alteration、become、change、come、convolution、get、go、in turn、order、rank order、revolution、revolve、roll、rolling、rotate、rotation、rotatory、round、shift、turn to、turning、variation、variational

　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　

「turning」

　　[★]

• 回転

関

convolution、revolution、revolve、roll、rolling、rotate、rotation、rotatory、round、turn

　 　 　 　 　 　

「helix」

　　[★]

• n.

• らせん体、らせん、ヘリックス、(軟体動物)カタツムリ

関

helical、helices、snail、spiral