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the 3rd letter of the Roman alphabet (同)c
(music) the keynote of the scale of C major
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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/10/22 02:53:55」(JST)

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Spiral computed tomography is a computed tomography^[1] technology involving movement in a helical pattern for the purpose of increasing resolution. Most modern hospitals currently use spiral CT scanners.

CT beam types have included parallel beams, fan-beams, and cone-beams.^[2]

SSCT and MSCT[edit]

Willi Kalender, who is credited with the invention prefers the term Spiral scan CT,^[3] arguing that spiral is synonymous with helical: for example as used in 'spiral staircase'.^[4]

Since its invention by Kalender in the 1980s, helical scan CT machines have steadily increased the number of rows of detectors (slices) they deploy. The prototype 16 multi-slice scanner was introduced in 2001 and in 2004, 64 multislice scanners are on the market. These can produce an image in less than a second and thus can obtain images of the heart and its blood vessels (coronary vessels) as if frozen in time.

The earliest devices, developed in 1989, were called "SSCT", for "single-slice spiral computed tomography". In 1998, "MSCT" or "multi-slice spiral computed tomography" was introduced.^[5]

Helical (or spiral) cone beam computed tomography[edit]

Further information: Cone beam computed tomography

In cone-beam computed tomography (commonly abbreviated CBCT), the x-ray beam is conical.^[6]

Helical (or spiral) cone beam computed tomography is a type of three dimensional computed tomography (CT) in which the source (usually of x-rays) describes a helical trajectory relative to the object while a two dimensional array of detectors measures the transmitted radiation on part of a cone of rays emanating from the source.

In practical helical cone beam x-ray CT machines, the source and array of detectors are mounted on a rotating gantry while the patient is moved axially at a uniform rate. Earlier x-ray CT scanners imaged one slice at a time by rotating source and one dimensional array of detectors while the patient remained static. The helical scan method reduces the x-ray dose to the patient required for a given resolution while scanning more quickly. This is however at the cost of greater mathematical complexity in the reconstruction of the image from the measurements.

References[edit]

^ Avinash C. Kak and Malcolm Slaney (2001). Principles of Computerized Tomographic Imaging. Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics ISBN 978-0-89871-494-4 / ISBN 0-89871-494-X.
^ Alan Conrad Bovik (2009). The essential guide to image processing. Academic Press. pp. 743–. ISBN 978-0-12-374457-9. Retrieved 4 June 2011.
^ Kalender WA (1994). "Technical foundations of spiral CT" Semin Ultrasound CT MR 15: (2) 81-89.
^ Kalender WA (1994). "Spiral or helical CT: right or wrong?" Radiology 193: (2) 583.
^ Robert Cierniak (12 January 2011). X-Ray Computed Tomography in Biomedical Engineering. Springer. pp. 31–. ISBN 978-0-85729-026-7. Retrieved 4 June 2011.
^ Helical Cone-Beam CT at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)

External links[edit]

Interview with Kalender
Principles of Computerized Tomographic Imaging

UpToDate Contents

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1. 胸部CTの原理 principles of computed tomography of the chest
2. 肝胆道のCT撮影 computed tomography of the hepatobiliary tract
3. 肺の高分解能CT high resolution computed tomography of the lungs
4. 成人における急性下部消化管出血に対するアプローチ approach to acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding in adults
5. 小児における腎結石症の臨床的特徴および診断 clinical features and diagnosis of nephrolithiasis in children

English Journal

Single-slice reconstruction method for helical cone-beam differential phase-contrast CT.

Fu J, Chen L.SourceResearch Center of Digital Radiation Imaging and Biomedical Imaging, Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 100191 Beiijng, People's Republic of China. E-mail: fujian706@buaa.edu.cn, chenly706@me.buaa.edu.cn.
Bio-medical materials and engineering.Biomed Mater Eng.2014;24(1):45-51. doi: 10.3233/BME-130782.
X-ray phase-contrast computed tomography (PC-CT) can provide the internal structure information of biomedical specimens with high-quality cross-section images and has become an invaluable analysis tool. Here a simple and fast reconstruction algorithm is reported for helical cone-beam differential PC
PMID 24211881

Synthesis and nanostructures of several tetrathiafulvalene derivatives having the side chains composed of chiral and hydrogen-bonding groups and their charge-transfer complexes.

Tatewaki Y, Watanabe T, Watanabe K, Kikuchi K, Okada S.SourceDepartment of Organic Device Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, Yonezawa 992-8510, Japan. ytatewa@yz.yamagata-u.ac.jp okadas@yz.yamagata-u.ac.jp.
Dalton transactions (Cambridge, England : 2003).Dalton Trans.2013 Dec 7;42(45):16121-7. doi: 10.1039/c3dt51464a. Epub 2013 Sep 10.
Tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) derivatives TTF-Bor, TTF-2UM and TTF-4UM having chiral urethane groups were prepared. Among them, TTF-2UM, TTF-4UM and their charge-transfer (CT) complexes with F4TCNQ organized the nanowires. The intermolecular hydrogen bonding of the chiral urethane groups and π-stacking
PMID 24022061

Enhanced reconstruction of rat calvarial defects achieved by plasma-treated electrospun scaffolds and induced pluripotent stem cells.

Ardeshirylajimi A, Dinarvand P, Seyedjafari E, Langroudi L, Jamshidi Adegani F, Soleimani M.SourceStem Cell Biology Department, Stem Cell Technology Research Center, Tehran, Iran, r.ardeshiry.62@gmail.com.
Cell and tissue research.Cell Tissue Res.2013 Dec;354(3):849-60. doi: 10.1007/s00441-013-1693-8. Epub 2013 Aug 18.
Tissue engineering with a combination of stem cells and nanofibrous scaffolds has attracted interest with regard to bone regeneration applications. In the present study, human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) were cultured on polymeric nanofibrous polyethersulfone (PES) with and without plasma
PMID 23955642

Japanese Journal

320-row Multi Detector Computed Tomography におけるノンヘリカルスキャンの物理特性

瓜倉厚志,中屋良宏,市川勝弘,川谷圭亮,川嶋一平,後藤弘徳
日本放射線技術學會雜誌 68(4), 432-442, 2012-04-20
NAID 10030139542

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リンク元	「ヘリカル断層撮影」「ヘリカルCT」「helical computed tomography」「spiral CT」「spiral computed tomography」
関連記事	「C」「CT」「helical」