WordNet

strike with horror or terror; "The news of the bombing shocked her"
(pathology) bodily collapse or near collapse caused by inadequate oxygen delivery to the cells; characterized by reduced cardiac output and rapid heartbeat and circulatory insufficiency and pallor; "loss of blood is an important cause of shock"
subject to electrical shocks
the violent interaction of individuals or groups entering into combat; "the armies met in the shock of battle" (同)impact
an unpleasant or disappointing surprise; "it came as a shock to learn that he was injured" (同)blow
an instance of agitation of the earths crust; "the first shock of the earthquake came shortly after noon while workers were at lunch" (同)seismic disturbance
a bushy thick mass (especially hair); "he had an unruly shock of black hair"
a pile of sheaves of grain set on end in a field to dry; stalks of Indian corn set up in a field; "corn is bound in small sheaves and several sheaves are set up together in shocks"; "whole fields of wheat in shock"
surprise greatly; knock someones socks off; "I was floored when I heard that I was promoted" (同)floor, ball over, blow out of the water, take aback
strike with disgust or revulsion; "The scandalous behavior of this married woman shocked her friends" (同)offend, scandalize, scandalise, appal, appall, outrage
collect or gather into shocks; "shock grain"
collide violently
provide with heat; "heat the house"
a form of energy that is transferred by a difference in temperature (同)heat energy
make hot or hotter; "the sun heats the oceans"; "heat the water on the stove" (同)heat_up
gain heat or get hot; "The room heated up quickly" (同)hot up, heat_up
the trait of being intensely emotional (同)warmth, passion
the sensation caused by heat energy (同)warmth
a preliminary race in which the winner advances to a more important race
the 5th letter of the Hebrew alphabet
marked by emotional heat; vehement; "a heated argument"
made warm or hot (`het is a dialectal variant of `heated' (同)heated up, het, het_up
the process of becoming warmer; a rising temperature (同)warming

PrepTutorEJDIC

〈C〉(衝突・爆発などの)『衝撃』,(地震の)震動,電撃 / 〈C〉〈U〉(精神的)『打撃』,ショック / 〈U〉ショック症 / 《しばしば受動態で》〈人〉‘を'『ぎょっとさせる』,ひどく驚かせる / (治療のため)〈人・動物〉‘に'電気ショクを与える
(乾燥させるために立てかけた)穀類の刈り束 / 〈穀類〉‘を'刈り束にする
(髪の毛の)もじゃもじゃの固まり《+『of』+『名』》
〈U〉『熱さ』,『暑さ』,熱い状態 / 〈U〉熱度,温度 / 〈U〉(家などの)暖房装置 / 〈U〉熱心,熱烈;(物事の)最高潮《+『of』+『名』》 / 〈U〉(エネルギーとしての)熱 / 〈C〉(競技の)1回,1ラウンド / …‘を'『熱する』,暖める《+『up』+『名,』+『名』+『up』》 / …‘を'興奮させる,怒らせる《+『up』+『名,』+『名』+『up』》 / 熱くなる,暖まる《+『up』》
（雌の）発情（in heatとして使う）・金・銭・緊迫、プレッシャー、批判、批評、警察の追跡
彼は,彼が / 《指す人の性別が分からないか,または分かる必要のない場合に》その人,あの人,自分 / 《he who(that)の形で》《文》…するものはだれでも / (動物の)おす(雄)
鬼ごっこ(tag,tick,tig)
熱せられた / 興奮した,怒った
加熱;暖房[装置]

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2017/07/20 02:47:22」(JST)

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[Wiki en表示]

In biochemistry, heat shock is the effect of subjecting a cell to a higher temperature than that of the ideal body temperature of the organism from which the cell line was derived. Heat shock refers to the cellular exposure to rapid changes in stressors such as temperature, toxins, oxidative stress, heavy metals, and pathogenic infections.^[1] Specifically temperature induced heat shock, even by a change of a few degrees, causes proteins to misfold, nonspecifically aggregate, and/or entangle.^[2] Other cellular damage induced by heat shock includes cytoskeleton rearrangement, changes in organelle localization, decreased ATP production, drop in cellular pH, decreased translation, and changes in RNA splicing.^[2] Introduction of heat shock to cells elicits the molecular response, the heat shock response (HSR), which repairs damages caused by stressors such as protein misfolding and protein aggregation.^[3]

Heat shock response

The cellular response to heat shock damage, the heat shock response, includes the transcriptional up-regulation of genes encoding heat shock proteins (HSPs) as part of the cell's internal repair mechanism.^[4] Stressors such as temperature changes, toxins, They are also called stress-proteins.^[5] and respond to heat, cold and oxygen deprivation by activating several cascade pathways. HSPs are also present in cells under perfectly normal conditions.^[5] Some HSPs, called chaperones, ensure that the cell’s proteins are in the right shape and in the right place at the right time.^[4]^[5] For example, HSPs help new or misfolded proteins to fold into their correct three-dimensional conformations, which is essential for their function.^[5] They also shuttle proteins from one compartment to another inside the cell, and target old or terminally misfolded proteins to proteases for degradation.^[5] Heat shock proteins are also believed to play a role in the presentation of pieces of proteins (or peptides) on the cell surface to help the immune system recognize diseased cells.^[6]

The up-regulation of HSPs during heat shock is generally controlled by a single transcription factor; in eukaryotes this regulation is performed by heat shock factor (HSF), while σ³² is the heat shock sigma factor in Escherichia coli.^[4] Under normal conditions HSF1 resides as a monomer, but when stress induces protein damage HSF1 is activated to trimerize.^[7] This trimer of HSF1 localizes to the nucleus, and here binds to the heat shock element in the promoter sequence of heat shock genes.^[7]

Inducing heat shock

In fish that survive at 0 °C, heat shock can be induced with temperatures as low as 5 °C, whereas thermophilic bacteria that proliferate at 50 °C will not express heat shock proteins until temperatures reach approximately 60 °C.^[3] The process of heat shocking can be done in a CO₂ incubator, O₂ incubator, or a hot water bath.

References

^ Morimoto, Richard (1993). "Cells in Stress: Transcriptional Activation of Heat Shock Genes" (PDF). Science. 259: 3.
^ ^a ^b Richter, Klaus; Haslbeck, Martin; Buchner, Johannes (2010). "The Heat Shock Response: Life on the Verge of Death". Molecular Cell. 40.
^ ^a ^b Lindquist, S. and Craig, E.A. 1988. The Heat-Shock Proteins. Annual Review of Genetics. 22: 631-677.[1] doi:10.1146/annurev.ge.22.120188.003215
^ ^a ^b ^c Guisbert, E., Yura, T., Rhodius, V.A., and Gross, C.A. 2008. Convergence of molecular, modeling and systems approaches for an understanding of the Escherichia coli heat shock response. Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev. 72: 545-554. doi:10.1128/MMBR.00007-08
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Vabulas, R.M,, Raychaudhuri, S., Hayer-Hartl, M. and Hartl, F.U. 2010. Protein Folding in the Cytoplasm and the Heat Shock Response. Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Biol. doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a004390
^ Tsan, M. and Gao, B. 2009. Heat shock proteins and immune system. Journal of Leukocyte Biology. 85( 6): 905-910. doi:10.1189/jlb.0109005.
^ ^a ^b Gómez, Andrea V.; Córdova, Gonzalo; Munita, Roberto; Parada, Guillermo E.; Barrios, Álvaro P.; Cancino, Gonzalo I.; Álvarez, Alejandra R.; Andrés, María E. (2015-06-08). "Characterizing HSF1 Binding and Post-Translational Modifications of hsp70 Promoter in Cultured Cortical Neurons: Implications in the Heat-Shock Response". PLOS ONE. 10 (6): e0129329. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 4459960 . PMID 26053851. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0129329.

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UpToDate Contents

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1. 成人におけるショックの定義、症状、病因、および病態生理 definition classification etiology and pathophysiology of shock in adults
2. 小児における熱射病 heat stroke in children
3. 小児における全身性炎症反応症候群（SIRS）および敗血症：定義、疫学、臨床症状、および診断 systemic inflammatory response syndrome sirs and sepsis in children definitions epidemiology clinical manifestations and diagnosis
4. 成人における確定診断を得られていない低血圧やショックの評価および初期アプローチ evaluation of and initial approach to the adult patient with undifferentiated hypotension and shock
5. 連鎖球菌性毒素性ショック症候群の疫学、臨床症状、および診断 epidemiology clinical manifestations and diagnosis of streptococcal toxic shock syndrome

English Journal

Novel role for the testis-enriched HSPA2 protein in regulating epidermal keratinocyte differentiation.

Gogler-Pigłowska A1, Klarzyńska K1,2, Sojka DR1, Habryka A1, Głowala-Kosińska M1, Herok M3,4, Kryj M1, Halczok M1, Krawczyk Z1, Scieglinska D1.
Journal of cellular physiology.J Cell Physiol.2018 Mar;233(3):2629-2644. doi: 10.1002/jcp.26142. Epub 2017 Sep 7.
PMID 28786487

Effect of heat shock protein 90 against ROS-induced phospholipid oxidation.

Zhang M1, Wang D2, Geng Z1, Li P1, Sun Z1, Xu W3.
Food chemistry.Food Chem.2018 Feb 1;240:642-647. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.08.005. Epub 2017 Aug 2.
PMID 28946323
PMID 29111316

Japanese Journal

溶融法により作製した発泡アルミニウム材料の圧潰後の残存発泡剤による再発泡

鋳造工学 90(7), 381-385, 2018-08-01
NAID 130007429869

8-2-1 暮らしのエネルギー利用状況と健康意識

日エネ学会大会要旨集 27(0), 242-243, 2018-07-31
NAID 130007427872

スギ抽出物による熱ショックタンパク発現誘導の抑制効果

薬学雑誌 138(1), 97-106, 2018-07-28
NAID 130006300854

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「HS」「熱ショック」「heatshock」「ヒートショック」
拡張検索	「heat-shock protein 60」「Hsp60 heat-shock protein」「Hsp70 heat-shock protein」「Hsp72 heat-shock protein」
関連記事	「heat」「shock」「heating」