WordNet

provide with heat; "heat the house"
a form of energy that is transferred by a difference in temperature (同)heat energy
make hot or hotter; "the sun heats the oceans"; "heat the water on the stove" (同)heat_up
gain heat or get hot; "The room heated up quickly" (同)hot up, heat_up
the trait of being intensely emotional (同)warmth, passion
the sensation caused by heat energy (同)warmth
a preliminary race in which the winner advances to a more important race
liable to change; "an emotionally labile person"
(chemistry, physics, biology) readily undergoing change or breakdown
the 5th letter of the Hebrew alphabet
marked by emotional heat; vehement; "a heated argument"
made warm or hot (`het is a dialectal variant of `heated' (同)heated up, het, het_up
the process of becoming warmer; a rising temperature (同)warming

PrepTutorEJDIC

〈U〉『熱さ』,『暑さ』,熱い状態 / 〈U〉熱度,温度 / 〈U〉(家などの)暖房装置 / 〈U〉熱心,熱烈;(物事の)最高潮《+『of』+『名』》 / 〈U〉(エネルギーとしての)熱 / 〈C〉(競技の)1回,1ラウンド / …‘を'『熱する』,暖める《+『up』+『名,』+『名』+『up』》 / …‘を'興奮させる,怒らせる《+『up』+『名,』+『名』+『up』》 / 熱くなる,暖まる《+『up』》
（雌の）発情（in heatとして使う）・金・銭・緊迫、プレッシャー、批判、批評、警察の追跡
(特に化学的に)変化を起こしやすい,不安定な
彼は,彼が / 《指す人の性別が分からないか,または分かる必要のない場合に》その人,あの人,自分 / 《he who(that)の形で》《文》…するものはだれでも / (動物の)おす(雄)
鬼ごっこ(tag,tick,tig)
熱せられた / 興奮した,怒った
加熱;暖房[装置]

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2012/06/01 15:29:01」(JST)

wiki en

Heat-labile enterotoxin is a type of labile toxin found in Escherichia coli that is inactivated at high temperatures.^[1]^[2]

It acts similarly to the cholera toxin by raising cAMP levels through ADP-ribosylation of the alpha-subunit of a Gs protein leading to the constitutive activation of adenylate cyclase. Elevated cAMP levels stimulate secretion of Chloride ions and water from the enterocyte into the gut lumen, thus causing watery diarrhea.

In addition to its effects on chloride secretion, which involve the same steps as the effects of cholera toxin, heat-labile enterotoxin binds additional substrates: lipopolysaccharide on the surface of E. coli cells and A-type blood antigens.^[3] The importance of these binding events is not yet known.

References

^ Wagner B, Hufnagl K, Radauer C, et al. (April 2004). "Expression of the B subunit of the heat-labile enterotoxin of Escherichia coli in tobacco mosaic virus-infected Nicotiana benthamiana plants and its characterization as mucosal immunogen and adjuvant". Journal of immunological methods 287 (1-2): 203–15. DOI:10.1016/j.jim.2004.02.001. PMID 15099768. http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S002217590400064X.
^ Glenn GM, Flyer DC, Ellingsworth LR, et al. (October 2007). "Transcutaneous immunization with heat-labile enterotoxin: development of a needle-free vaccine patch". Expert Rev Vaccines 6 (5): 809–19. DOI:10.1586/14760584.6.5.809. PMID 17931160. http://www.future-drugs.com/doi/abs/10.1586/14760584.6.5.809?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori:rid:crossref.org&rfr_dat=cr_pub%3dncbi.nlm.nih.gov.
^ Mudrak B and Kuehn MJ (2010). "Heat-labile enterotoxin: Beyond GM1 binding". Toxins 2 (6): 1445–1470. DOI:10.3390/toxins2061445. http://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/2/6/1445/.

UpToDate Contents

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1. セレウス菌およびその他の非炭疽菌バシラス属 bacillus cereus and other non anthracis bacillus species
2. 旅行者下痢症：微生物学、疫学、および予防 travelers diarrhea microbiology epidemiology and prevention
3. 小児および思春期における亜鉛の欠乏および補充 zinc deficiency and supplementation in children and adolescents
4. 病原性大腸菌 pathogenic escherichia coli
5. カンピロバクター感染の微生物学、病因、および疫学 microbiology pathogenesis and epidemiology of campylobacter infection

English Journal

Analysis and modeling of heat-labile enterotoxins of Escherichia coli suggests a novel space with insights into receptor preference.

Krishna Raja M1, Ghosh AR, Vino S, Sajitha Lulu S.
Journal of biomolecular structure & dynamics.J Biomol Struct Dyn.2015 Aug;33(8):1805-18. doi: 10.1080/07391102.2014.974073. Epub 2014 Nov 6.
Features of heat-labile enterotoxins of Escherichia coli which make them fit to use as novel receptors for antidiarrheals are not completely explored. Data-set of 14 different serovars of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli producing heat-labile toxins were taken from NCBI Genbank database and used in
PMID 25375068

The catalytic A1 domains of cholera toxin and heat-labile enterotoxin are potent DNA adjuvants that evoke mixed Th1/Th17 cellular immune responses.

Bagley K1, Xu R, Ota-Setlik A, Egan M, Schwartz J, Fouts T.
Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics.Hum Vaccin Immunother.2015 Jun 4:0. [Epub ahead of print]
DNA encoded adjuvants are well known for increasing the magnitude of cellular and/or humoral immune responses directed against vaccine antigens. DNA adjuvants can also tune immune responses directed against vaccine antigens to better protect against infection of the target organism. Two potent DNA a
PMID 26042527

Cell clustering and delay/arrest in T-cell division implicate a novel mechanism of immune modulation by E. coli heat-labile enterotoxin B-subunits.

El-Kassas S1, Faraj R2, Martin K3, Hajishengallis G4, Connell TD5, Nashar T6.
Cellular immunology.Cell Immunol.2015 Jun;295(2):150-62. doi: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2015.02.014. Epub 2015 Mar 5.
The B-subunits of heat-labile enterotoxins LT-I (LT-IB) and LT-IIa (LT-IIaB) are strong adjuvants that bind to cell-surface receptors, including gangliosides GM1 and GD1b, respectively. LT-IIaB also binds TLR-2. We demonstrate for the first time that co-incubation with the B-subunits induces signifi
PMID 25880107

Japanese Journal

Prevalent Phenotypic and Genotypic Profile of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli among Iranian Children

Nazarian Shahram,Gargari Seyed Latif Mousavi,Rasooli Iraj,Alerasol Masoome,Bagheri Samane,Alipoor Shakiba Darvish
Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases 67(2), 78-85, 2014
… Most of the isolates were positive for heat-labile and heat-stable toxins. … Heat-labile enterotoxin activity was confirmed using the Y1 adrenal cell assay, rabbit ileal loop and adenylate cyclase activation tests. …
NAID 130003399254

Nanoparticulated heat-stable (STa) and heat-labile B subunit (LTB) recombinant toxin improves vaccine protection against enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli challenge in mouse(GENETICS, MOLECULAR BIOLOGY, AND GENE ENGINEERING)

Deng Guangcun,Zeng Jin,Jian Minjie [他],Liu Wenmiao,Zhang Zhong,Liu Xiaoming,Wang Yujiong
Journal of bioscience and bioengineering 115(2), 147-153, 2013-02
… In this study, we genetically engineered a recombinant heat-stable enterotoxin (STa) coupled to the subunit B of heat-labile enterotoxin (LTB). …
NAID 110009592562

Vibrio parahaemolyticus, enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli and Vibrio cholerae

Takeda Yoshifumi
Proceedings of the Japan Academy, Series B 87(1), 1-12, 2011
… (i) pathogenic mechanism of the thermostable direct hemolysin produced by Vibrio parahaemolyticus, especially on its cardiotoxicity, (ii) heat-labile and heat-stable enterotoxins produced by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, especially structure–activity relationship of heat-stable enterotoxin, (iii) RNA N-glycosidase activity of Vero toxins (VT1 and VT2) produced by enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7, (iv) discovery of Vibrio …
NAID 130000442362