head of fibula

腓骨頭

WordNet

1. to go or travel towards; "where is she heading"; "We were headed for the mountains"
2. the length or height based on the size of a human or animal head; "he is two heads taller than his little sister"; "his horse won by a head"
3. the pressure exerted by a fluid; "a head of steam"
4. the tip of an abscess (where the pus accumulates)
5. (nautical) a toilet on board a boat or ship
6. (usually plural) the obverse side of a coin that usually bears the representation of a persons head; "call heads or tails!"
7. a projection out from one end; "the head of the nail", "a pinhead is the head of a pin"
8. a single domestic animal; "200 head of cattle"
9. the striking part of a tool; "the head of the hammer"
10. the upper part of the human body or the front part of the body in animals; contains the face and brains; "he stuck his head out the window" (同)caput
11. a person who is in charge; "the head of the whole operation" (同)chief, top_dog
12. (grammar) the word in a grammatical constituent that plays the same grammatical role as the whole constituent (同)head word
13. a rounded compact mass; "the head of a comet"
14. a user of (usually soft) drugs; "the office was full of secret heads"
15. an individual person; "tickets are $5 per head"
16. that part of a skeletal muscle that is away from the bone that it moves
17. the foam or froth that accumulates at the top when you pour an effervescent liquid into a container; "the beer had a large head of foam"
18. the front of a military formation or procession; "the head of the column advanced boldly"; "they were at the head of the attack"
19. the rounded end of a bone that fits into a rounded cavity in another bone to form a joint; "the head of the humerus"
20. the top of something; "the head of the stairs"; "the head of the page"; "the head of the list"
21. be the first or leading member of (a group) and excel; "This student heads the class" (同)head up
22. be in charge of; "Who is heading this project?" (同)lead
23. be in the front of or on top of; "The list was headed by the name of the president"
24. form a head or come or grow to a head; "The wheat headed early this year"
25. remove the head of; "head the fish"
26. take its rise; "These rivers head from a mountain range in the Himalayas"
27. of leafy vegetables; having formed into a head; "headed cabbages"
28. having a head of a specified kind or anything that serves as a head; often used in combination; "headed bolts"; "three-headed Cerberus"; "a cool-headed fighter pilot"
29. having a heading or caption; "a headed column"; "headed notepaper"
30. having a heading or course in a certain direction; "westward headed wagons"
31. the 5th letter of the Hebrew alphabet
32. a line of text serving to indicate what the passage below it is about; "the heading seemed to have little to do with the text" (同)header, head

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. (顔を含めた)『頭』,頭部,首;(髪の生えている部分の)頭 / 『頭脳』,頭の働き,知力,才能;理性 / 『長』,指導者,支配者 / (ある物の)頭,上部,先端,先頭 / (川・泉の)源,水源 / (人・動物の)頭数,一人,1頭 / 『首席』,首位 / 《複数形で》(頭像のある)貨幣の表 / 項目,表題(新聞の)見出し / 《米俗》マリファナ常用者 / 長の,指導者の / …‘の'先頭に立つ,‘を'率いる;…‘の'長である / (…の方へ)…‘を'向ける《+『名』+『for』(『toward』)+『名』》 / (サッカーで)〈ボール〉‘を'頭で受ける,ヘディングする / (…に向かって)進む《+for(toward)+名》・「give a head」で「オーラルセックスをする・相手の性器をなめる」
2. 《所有・所属》…『の』,…のものである,…に属する・《材料・要素》…『でできた』,から成る・《部分》…『の』[『中の』] ・《数量・単位・種類を表す名詞に付いて》…の・《原因・動機》…『で』,のために(because of) ・《主格関係》…『の』,による,によって・《目的格関係》…『を』,の・《同格関係》…『という』・《関係・関連》…『についての』[『の』],の点で・《抽象名詞などと共に》…の[性質をもつ] ・《『It is』+『形』+『of』+『名』+『to』 doの形で,ofの後の名詞を意味上の主語として》・《分離》…『から』・《起原・出所》…『から』[『の』](out of) ・《『名』+『of』+『a』(『an』)+『名』の形で》…のような・《『名』+『of』+『mine』(『yours, his』など独立所有格)の形で》…の…・《時》(1)《副詞句を作って》…に《形容詞句を作って》…の・《時刻》《米》…前(to,《米》before)
3. 頭[部]のある,見出しのある / (キャベツなどが)結球した / 《複合語を作って》「…の頭を持つ」「頭が…の」の意を表す
4. 彼は,彼が / 《指す人の性別が分からないか,または分かる必要のない場合に》その人,あの人,自分 / 《he who(that)の形で》《文》…するものはだれでも / (動物の)おす(雄)
5. 鬼ごっこ(tag,tick,tig)
6. (章・節などの)表題,見出し

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/04/27 14:37:40」(JST)

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

For the ancient jewelry type, see Fibula (brooch).

Fibula
Position of fibula in human (shown in red)
Cross section of human lower leg, showing fibula in centre (latin terminology)
Details
Articulations	Superior and inferior tibiofibular joint Ankle
Identifiers
Latin	(os) fibula
MeSH	A02.835.232.043.650.321
TA	A02.5.07.001
FMA	24479
Anatomical terms of bone [edit on Wikidata]

The fibula (/ˈfɪbjᵿlə/) or calf bone is a leg bone located on the lateral side of the tibia, with which it is connected above and below. It is the smaller of the two bones, and, in proportion to its length, the slenderest of all the long bones. Its upper extremity is small, placed toward the back of the head of the tibia, below the level of the knee joint, and excluded from the formation of this joint. Its lower extremity inclines a little forward, so as to be on a plane anterior to that of the upper end; it projects below the tibia, and forms the lateral part of the ankle-joint.

Structure

The bone has the following components:

• Lateral malleolus
• Interosseous membrane connecting the fibula to the tibia, forming a syndesmosis joint
• The superior tibiofibular articulation is an arthrodial joint between the lateral condyle of the tibia and the head of the fibula.
• The inferior tibiofibular articulation (tibiofibular syndesmosis) is formed by the rough, convex surface of the medial side of the lower end of the fibula, and a rough concave surface on the lateral side of the tibia.

Blood supply

The blood supply is important for planning free tissue transfer because the fibula is commonly used to reconstruct the mandible. The shaft is supplied in its middle third by a large nutrient vessel from the fibular artery. It is also perfused from its periosteum which receives many small branches from the fibular artery. The proximal head and the epiphysis are supplied by a branch of the anterior tibial artery. In harvesting the bone the middle third is always taken and the ends preserved (4 cm proximally and 6 cm distally)

Development

The fibula is ossified from three centers, one for the shaft, and one for either end. Ossification begins in the body about the eighth week of fetal life, and extends toward the extremities. At birth the ends are cartilaginous.

Ossification commences in the lower end in the second year, and in the upper about the fourth year. The lower epiphysis, the first to ossify, unites with the body about the twentieth year; the upper epiphysis joins about the twenty-fifth year.

Head

The upper extremity or head of the fibula is of an irregular quadrate form, presenting above a flattened articular surface, directed upward, forward, and medialward, for articulation with a corresponding surface on the lateral condyle of the tibia. On the lateral side is a thick and rough prominence continued behind into a pointed eminence, the apex (styloid process), which projects upward from the posterior part of the head.

The prominence, at its upper and lateral part, gives attachment to the tendon of the biceps femoris and to the fibular collateral ligament of the knee-joint, the ligament dividing the tendon into two parts.

The remaining part of the circumference of the head is rough, for the attachment of muscles and ligaments. It presents in front a tubercle for the origin of the upper and anterior fibers of the peroneus longus, and a surface for the attachment of the anterior ligament of the head; and behind, another tubercle, for the attachment of the posterior ligament of the head and the origin of the upper fibers of the soleus.

Body

The body of the fibula presents four borders - the antero-lateral, the antero-medial, the postero-lateral, and the postero-medial; and four surfaces - anterior, posterior, medial, and lateral.

Borders

The antero-lateral border begins above in front of the head, runs vertically downward to a little below the middle of the bone, and then curving somewhat lateralward, bifurcates so as to embrace a triangular subcutaneous surface immediately above the lateral malleolus. This border gives attachment to an intermuscular septum, which separates the extensor muscles on the anterior surface of the leg from the peronaei longus and brevis on the lateral surface.

The antero-medial border, or interosseous crest, is situated close to the medial side of the preceding, and runs nearly parallel with it in the upper third of its extent, but diverges from it in the lower two-thirds. It begins above just beneath the head of the bone (sometimes it is quite indistinct for about 2.5 cm. below the head), and ends at the apex of a rough triangular surface immediately above the articular facet of the lateral malleolus. It serves for the attachment of the interosseous membrane, which separates the extensor muscles in front from the flexor muscles behind.

The postero-lateral border is prominent; it begins above at the apex, and ends below in the posterior border of the lateral malleolus. It is directed lateralward above, backward in the middle of its course, backward, and a little medialward below, and gives attachment to an aponeurosis which separates the peronaei on the lateral surface from the flexor muscles on the posterior surface.

The postero-medial border, sometimes called the oblique line, begins above at the medial side of the head, and ends by becoming continuous with the interosseous crest at the lower fourth of the bone. It is well-marked and prominent at the upper and middle parts of the bone. It gives attachment to an aponeurosis which separates the tibialis posterior from the soleus and flexor hallucis longus.

Surfaces

The anterior surface is the interval between the antero-lateral and antero-medial borders. It is extremely narrow and flat in the upper third of its extent; broader and grooved longitudinally in its lower third; it serves for the origin of three muscles: the extensor digitorum longus, extensor hallucis longus, and peroneus tertius.

The posterior surface is the space included between the postero-lateral and the postero-medial borders; it is continuous below with the triangular area above the articular surface of the lateral malleolus; it is directed backward above, backward and medialward at its middle, directly medialward below. Its upper third is rough, for the origin of the soleus; its lower part presents a triangular surface, connected to the tibia by a strong interosseous ligament; the intervening part of the surface is covered by the fibers of origin of the flexor hallucis longus. Near the middle of this surface is the nutrient foramen, which is directed downward.

The medial surface is the interval included between the antero-medial and the postero-medial borders. It is grooved for the origin of the tibialis posterior.

The lateral surface is the space between the antero-lateral and postero-lateral borders. It is broad, and often deeply grooved; it is directed lateralward in the upper two-thirds of its course, backward in the lower third, where it is continuous with the posterior border of the lateral malleolus. This surface gives origin to the peronaei longus and brevis.

Function

The fibula does not carry any significant load (weight) of the body. It extends past the lower end of the tibia and forms the outer part of the ankle providing stability to this joint. It has grooves for certain ligaments which gives them leverage and multiplies the muscle force. It provides attachment points for the following muscles:

Muscle attachments (seen from the front)

Muscle attachments (seen from the back)

Muscle	Direction	Attachment
Biceps femoris muscle	Insertion	Head of fibula
Extensor hallucis longus muscle	Origin	Medial side of fibula
Extensor digitorum longus muscle	Origin	Proximal part of the medial side of fibulua
Fibularis tertius	Origin	Distal part of the medial side of fibulua
Fibularis longus	Origin	Head and the lateral side of fibula
Fibularis brevis	Origin	Distal 2/3 of the lateral side of fibula
Soleus muscle	Origin	Proximal 1/3 of the posterior side of fibula
Tibialis posterior muscle	Origin	Lateral part of the posterior side of fibula
Flexor hallucis longus muscle	Origin	Posterior side of fibula

Clinical significance

Avulsion fracture

An avulsion fracture of the head of the fibula refers to the fracture of the fibular head because of a sudden contraction of the biceps femoris muscle that pulls its site of attachment on the bone. The attachment of the biceps femoris tendon on the fibular head is closely related to the lateral collateral ligament of the knee. Therefore, this ligament is prone to injury in this type of avulsion fracture.

History

Etymology

The word fibula can be dated back to c. 1670 to describe a clasp or brooch – see fibula (brooch) – and was first used in English for the smaller bone in the lower leg c. 1706. It derives from Latin fībula, also meaning a clasp or brooch. The bone was so called because it resembles a clasp like a modern safety pin.

Other animals

Because the fibula bears relatively little weight in comparison with the tibia, it is typically narrower in all but the most primitive tetrapods. In many animals, it still articulates with the posterior part of the lower extremity of the femur, but this feature is frequently lost (as it is in humans). In some animals, the reduction of the fibula has proceeded even further than it has in humans, with the loss of the tarsal articulation, and, in extreme cases (such as the horse), partial fusion with the tibia.

See also

This article uses anatomical terminology; for an overview, see Anatomical terminology.

• Peroneal

References

This article incorporates text in the public domain from the 20th edition of Gray's Anatomy (1918)

Additional images

• Position of fibula (shown in red)

• Shape of fibula (right)

• Diagram which depicts ossification of human fibula.

• Lower extremity of right fibula. Medial aspect.

• Ankle joint. Deep dissection.

• Knee and tibiofibular joint.Deep dissection. Anterior view.

External links

• Anatomy photo:17:st-1402 at the SUNY Downstate Medical Center

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Related Pictures

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「腓骨頭」
関連記事	「heading」「head」

「腓骨頭」

　　[★]

英

fibular head, head of fibula

ラ

caput fibulae

関

脛骨、腓骨

「heading」

　　[★]

• n.

• 頭付け。頭部、上部、正面。(ページ・章の)標題、(小)見出し。項、節。(船首などの)方向、飛行方向/方位。首切り

　 　

「head」

　　[★]

• n.

• 頭部、頭