hastate

　

WordNet

1. (of a leaf shape) like a spear point, with flaring pointed lobes at the base (同)spearhead-shaped
2. a leaf shaped like a spearhead with flaring pointed lobes at the base

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/05/08 10:32:37」(JST)

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Chart illustrating leaf morphology terms

Oddly pinnate, pinnatifid leaves (Apium graveolens, celery)

Perfoliate bracts completely surrounding the plant stem (Lonicera sempervirens)

Partial chlorosis revealing palmate venation in simple leaves of Hibiscus mutabilis

A single laciniate leaf of Adenanthos sericeus

In botany, leaf shape is characterised with the following terms (with botanical Latin in italics in brackets) to describe the shape of leaves:

• Acicular (acicularis): Slender and pointed, needle-like
• Acuminate (acuminata): Tapering to a long point
• Acute: Pointed, having a short sharp apex angled less than 90°
• Aristate (aristata): Ending in a stiff, bristle-like point
• Asymmetrical: With the blade shape different on each side of the midrib
• Basal: Arising from the root crown, bulb, rhizome or corm, etc., as opposed to cauline
• Bipinnate (bipinnata): Each leaflet also pinnate
• Caudate: Tailed at the apex
• Cauline: Borne on the stem, as opposed to basal
• Compound: Not simple; the leaf is broken up into separate leaflets, and the leaf blade is not continuous
• Cordate (cordata): Heart-shaped, with the petiole or stem attached to the cleft
• Cuneate (cuneata): Triangular, stem attaches to point
• Deltoid (deltoidea) or deltate: Triangular, stem attaches to side
• Digitate (digitata): Divided into finger-like lobes
• Elliptic (elliptica): Oval, with a short or no point
• Entire: Having a smooth margin without notches or indentations
• Falcate (falcata): Sickle-shaped
• Fenestrate (fenestrata): "Windowed" with holes (e.g. Monstera deliciosa or Aponogeton fenestralis), or window-like patches of translucent tissue. (cf. Perforate)
• Filiform (filiformis): Thread- or filament-shaped
• Flabellate (flabellata): Semi-circular, or fan-like
• Hastate (hastata), spear-shaped: Pointed, with barbs, shaped like a spear point, with flaring pointed lobes at the base
• Laciniate: Very deeply lobed, the lobes being very drawn out, often making the leaf look somewhat like a branch or a pitchfork
• Laminar: Flat (like most leaves)
• Lance-shaped, lanceolate (lanceolata): Long, wider in the middle
• Linear (linearis): Long and very narrow
• Lobed (lobata): With several points
• Mucronate: Ending abruptly in a sharp point
• Obcordate (obcordata): Heart-shaped, stem attaches to tapering point
• Oblanceolate (oblanceolata): Top wider than bottom
• Oblong (oblongus): Having an elongated form with slightly parallel sides
• Obovate (obovata): Teardrop-shaped, stem attaches to tapering point
• Obtuse (obtusus): With a blunt tip
• Orbicular (orbicularis): Circular
• Ovate (ovata): Oval, egg-shaped, with a tapering point
• Palmate (palmata): Consisting of leaflets or lobes radiating from the base of the leaf.
• Pedate (pedata): Palmate, with cleft lobes
  • Pedatifid (pedatifida): Nearly pedately divided, but not as deeply
• Peltate (peltata): Shield-shaped with stem attached underneath (cf. pelta)
• Perfoliate (perfoliata): Stem through the leaves
• Perforate (perforata): marked with patches of translucent tissue, as in Crassula perforata and Hypericum perforatum, or perforated with holes (cf. "Fenestrate")
• Pinnate (pinnata): Two rows of leaflets
  • Odd-pinnate, imparipinnate: Pinnate with a terminal leaflet
  • Paripinnate, even-pinnate: Pinnate lacking a terminal leaflet
  • Pinnatifid and pinnatipartite: Leaves with pinnate lobes that are not discrete, remaining sufficiently connected to each other that they are not separate leaflets.
  • Bipinnate, twice-pinnate: The leaflets are themselves pinnately-compound
  • Tripinnate, thrice-pinnate: The leaflets are themselves bipinnate
  • Tetrapinnate: The leaflets are themselves tripinnate.
• Pinnatisect (pinnatifida): Cut, but not to the midrib (it would be pinnate then)

Serenoa seedlings have pleated elliptic leaves, but mature plants have pleated palmate leaves.

• Plicate (plicatus, plicata): folded into pleats, usually lengthwise, serving the function of stiffening a large leaf.
• Pungent (spinose): Having hard, sharp points.
• Reniform (reniformis): Kidney-shaped
• Retuse: With a shallow notch in a broad apex
• Rhomboid (rhomboidalis): Diamond-shaped
• Round (rotundifolia): Circular
• Sagittate (sagittata): Arrowhead-shaped
• Semiterete: Rounded on one side, but flat on the other. (See terete)
• Simple: Leaf blade in one continuous section, not divided into leaflets (not compound)
• Spear-shaped: see Hastate.
• Spatulate, spathulate (spathulata): Spoon-shaped
• Subulate (subulata): Awl-shaped with a tapering point
• Subobtuse (subobtusa): Somewhat blunted, neither blunt nor sharp
• Sword-shaped (ensiformis): Long, thin, pointed
• Terete: Circular in cross-section; more or less cylindrical without grooves or ridges.
  • Semiterete: Half-terete, only one side is terete
• Trifoliate (trifoliata), trifoliolate (trifoliolata), or ternate (ternata): Divided into three leaflets
• Tripinnate (tripinnata): Pinnately compound in which each leaflet is itself bipinnate
• Truncate (truncata): With a squared-off end
• Undulate (undulatus): Wave-like
• Unifoliate (unifoliata): With a single leaf

See also

• Sinus (botany)
• leaflet and rachis
• petiole and plant stem

References

English Journal

• A new species of Intromugil (Digenea: Haploporidae) and redescription of Intromugil mugilicolus.

• Pulis EE1, Fayton TJ, Curran SS, Overstreet RM.
• The Journal of parasitology.J Parasitol.2013 Jun;99(3):501-8. doi: 10.1645/12-106.1. Epub 2013 Jan 17.
• Intromugil alachuaensis n. sp. is described based on specimens collected from the flathead grey mullet ( Mugil cephalus ) from the Santa Fe River in Florida. The new species is the fourth recognized species in the genus and the second from North America, with the other 2 being confined to South Amer
• PMID 23327447

• Leaf morphology in Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp]: QTL analysis, physical mapping and identifying a candidate gene using synteny with model legume species.

• Pottorff M1, Ehlers JD, Fatokun C, Roberts PA, Close TJ.
• BMC genomics.BMC Genomics.2012 Jun 12;13:234. doi: 10.1186/1471-2164-13-234.
• BACKGROUND: Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp] exhibits a considerable variation in leaf shape. Although cowpea is mostly utilized as a dry grain and animal fodder crop, cowpea leaves are also used as a high-protein pot herb in many countries of Africa.RESULTS: Leaf morphology was studied in the c
• PMID 22691139

• [Chemical constituents of Phymatopteris hastate and their antioxidant activity].

• Duan S1, Tang S, Qin N, Duan H.
• Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica.Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi.2012 May;37(10):1402-7.
• OBJECTIVE: To study chemical constituents contained in Phymatopteris hastate and their antioxidant activity.METHOD: Chemical constituents were separated and purified from P. hastate by using such methods as silica gel, Toyopearl HW-40C and HPLC preparative chromatography. Their structures were ident
• PMID 22860450

Japanese Journal

• Morphological patterns in the plumular leaf of Japanese Arisaema (Araceae)

• KOBAYASHI TOMIKI,OHNO JUNICHI,MURATA JIN
• APG : Acta phytotaxonomica et geobotanica 65(1), 29-36, 2014-02-28
• … Four morphological plumule patterns, i.e. without blade, with a simple and cordate blade, with a simple and hastate blade, and with a trifoliolate blade, were recognized. …
• NAID 110009816921

Related Links

• hastate - Wiktionary

hastate. Definition from Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Jump to: navigation, search ... hastate (not comparable). Of, or pertaining to a spear. (botany, of leaves ) Shaped similarly to a halberd, with pointed lobes pointed outward from the base .

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