hand-foot syndrome

手足症候群

WordNet

1. guide or conduct or usher somewhere; "hand the elderly lady into the taxi"
2. a unit of length equal to 4 inches; used in measuring horses; "the horse stood 20 hands"
3. physical assistance; "give me a hand with the chores" (同)helping hand
4. a rotating pointer on the face of a timepiece; "the big hand counts the minutes"
5. terminal part of the forelimb in certain vertebrates (e.g. apes or kangaroos); "the kangaroos forearms seem undeveloped but the powerful five-fingered hands are skilled at feinting and clouting"- Springfield (Mass.) Union
6. the cards held in a card game by a given player at any given time; "I didnt hold a good hand all evening"; "he kept trying to see my hand" (同)deal
7. the (prehensile) extremity of the superior limb; "he had the hands of a surgeon"; "he extended his mitt" (同)manus, mitt, paw
8. a member of the crew of a ship; "all hands on deck"
9. a position given by its location to the side of an object; "objections were voiced on every hand"
10. a round of applause to signify approval; "give the little lady a great big hand"
11. ability; "he wanted to try his hand at singing"
12. one of two sides of an issue; "on the one hand..., but on the other hand..."
13. pay for something; "pick up the tab"; "pick up the burden of high-interest mortgages"; "foot the bill" (同)pick
14. a linear unit of length equal to 12 inches or a third of a yard; "he is six feet tall" (同)ft
15. any of various organs of locomotion or attachment in invertebrates (同)invertebrate foot
16. a support resembling a pedal extremity; "one foot of the chair was on the carpet"
17. travel by walking; "he followed on foot"; "the swiftest of foot"
18. the part of the leg of a human being below the ankle joint; "his bare feet projected from his trousers"; "armored from head to foot" (同)human foot, pes
19. a member of a surveillance team who works on foot or rides as a passenger
20. the lower part of anything; "curled up on the foot of the bed"; "the foot of the page"; "the foot of the list"; "the foot of the mountain"
21. add a column of numbers (同)foot up
22. walk; "lets hoof it to the disco" (同)leg it, hoof, hoof it
23. a relation that provides the foundation for something; "they were on a friendly footing"; "he worked on an interim basis" (同)basis, ground
24. status with respect to the relations between people or groups; "on good terms with her in-laws"; "on a friendly footing" (同)terms
25. a pattern of symptoms indicative of some disease
26. a complex of concurrent things; "every word has a syndrome of meanings"
27. having or involving the use of hands; "a handed, tree-living animal"; "a four-handed card game"

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. 『手』(手首から先の部分) / (時計・計器の)針 / 《単数形で》筆跡 / 側,方(side): / 《a~》(…への)援助,手助け《+with(at, to)+名》 / 職工,職人,人手 / 乗組員 / 《前に形容詞を置いて》(…するのが)(じょうずな・へたな)人(+『at』+『名』(『doing』)》 / 《単数形》技量,腕前;(…の)やり方,扱い方《+『at』(『with』)+名》 / 《単数形で》拍手かっさい / 《文》《one's~,the,》結婚の承諾;確約 / (カードの)持ち札;一勝負 / 《しばしば複数形で》所有,管理 / ハンド(馬の高さを測る単位;4インチ) / 《『hand』+『名』〈間〉+『名』〈直〉=『hand』+『名』+『to』+『名』》…‘に'…‘を'『手渡す』,取ってやる / 《副詞[句]を伴って》〈人〉‘に'手を貸す / 手の(に関する),手のための / 手で操作する / 手持ちの
2. 〈C〉(人間・動物の)『足』(くるぶしから先の部分);(生物体の)足状の部分 / 〈C〉《通例the~》(高い物・長い物の)『足部』,下部,低部《+『of』+『名』》 / 〈C〉《通例the foot》(階級・地位などの)最下位《+『of』+『名』》 / 〈U〉〈C〉『歩み』,足取り / 〈C〉『フィート』(長さの単位で12インチ,30.48センチ) / 〈C〉詩脚(詩における韻律の単位) / 〈C〉《通例単数形で》(靴下の)足の部分 / 〈勘定など〉‘を'支払う
3. 《a ~》足もと;足がかり,足場 / 確実な立場,安定した地位,基盤 / (…との)間柄,相互関係《+『with』+『名』》
4. (疾患の徴候となる一群の)症徴候,症候群 / (事件・社会的状態などのパターンを示す)徴候形態
5. 「…の手をした;…の手でする」の意を表す / 「…人(にん)でする」の意を表す

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/07/26 00:20:25」(JST)

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

Chemotherapy-induced acral erythema
Pictures of hands on capecitabine
Classification and external resources
ICD-10	Y43.1-Y43.3
ICD-9-CM	693.0, E933.1
DiseasesDB	34044

Chemotherapy-induced acral erythema (also known as palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia, palmoplantar erythrodysesthesia, or hand-foot syndrome) is reddening, swelling, numbness and desquamation (skin sloughing or peeling) on palms of the hands and soles of the feet (and, occasionally, on the knees, elbows, and elsewhere) that can occur after chemotherapy in patients with cancer. Hand-foot syndrome is also rarely seen in sickle-cell disease. These skin changes usually are well demarcated. Acral erythema typically disappears within a few weeks after discontinuation of the offending drug.

Synonyms

Synonyms for acral erythema (AE) include: hand-foot syndrome, palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia, peculiar AE, chemotherapy-induced AE, toxic erythema of the palms and soles, palmar-plantar erythema, and Burgdorf’s reaction.

Signs and symptoms

The symptoms can occur anywhere between days to months after administration of the offending medication, depending on the dose and speed of administration (Baack and Burgdorf, 1991; Demirçay, 1997;). The patient first experiences tingling and/or numbness of the palms and soles that evolves into painful, symmetric, and well-demarcated swelling and red plaques. This is followed by peeling of the skin and resolution of the symptoms (Apisarnthanarax and Duvic 2003).

Causes

Acral erythema is a common adverse reaction to cytotoxic chemotherapy drugs, particularly Cabozantinib, cytarabine, doxorubicin, and fluorouracil and its prodrug capecitabine.

Targeted cancer therapies, especially the tyrosine kinase inhibitors sorafenib and sunitinib, have also been associated with a high incidence of acral erythema. However, acral erythema due to tyrosine kinase inhibitors seems to differ somewhat from acral erythema due to classic chemotherapy drugs.

Pathogenesis

The cause of PPE is unknown. Existing theories are based on the fact that only the hands and feet are involved and posit the role of temperature differences, vascular anatomy, differences in the types of cells (rapidly dividing epidermal cells and eccrine glands).

Diagnosis

Painful red swelling of the hands and feet in a patient receiving chemotherapy is usually enough to make the diagnosis. The problem can also arise in patients after bone marrow transplants, as the clinical and histologic features of PPE can be similar to cutaneous manifestations of acute (first 3 weeks) graft-versus-host disease. It is important to differentiate PPE, which is benign, from the more dangerous graft-versus-host disease. As time progresses, patients with graft-versus-host disease progress to have other body parts affected, while PPE is limited to hands and feet. Serial biopsies every 3 to 5 days can also be helpful in differentiating the two disorders (Crider et al., 1986).

Prevention

The cooling of hands and feet during chemotherapy may help prevent PPE (Baack and Burgdorf, 1991; Zimmerman et al., 1995). Support for this and a variety of other approaches to treat or prevent acral erythema comes from small clinical studies, although none has been proven in a randomised controlled clinical trial of sufficient size.

Treatment

The main treatment for acral erythema is discontinuation of the offending drug, and symptomatic treatment to provide analgesia, lessen edema, and prevent superinfection. However, the treatment for the underlying cancer of the patient must not be neglected. Often, the discontinued drug can be substituted with another cancer drug or cancer treatment.

Symptomatic treatment can include wound care, elevation, and pain medication. Corticosteroids and pyridoxine have also been used to relieve symptoms.

Prognosis

PPE invariably recurs with resumption of chemotherapy. Long-term chemotherapy may also result in reversible palmoplantar keratoderma. Symptoms resolve 1–2 weeks after cessation of chemotherapy (Apisarnthanarax and Duvic 2003).

History

Hand-foot syndrome was first reported in association with chemotherapy by Zuehlke in 1974.

In Popular Culture

In season three, episode 8, titled "Sins of the Father," in the American television medical drama Private Practice, hand-foot syndrome is depicted, possibly inaccurately, in a patient. This episode first aired on November 19, 2009.

References

Bibliography

• http://www.cancer.net/navigating-cancer-care/side-effects/hand-foot-syndrome-or-palmar-plantar-erythrodysesthesia (1&2)
• Apisarnthanarax, N and Duvic MM. Dermatologic Complications of Cancer Chemotherapy in Holland-Frei Cancer Medicine - 6th Ed., Ch. 147, Kufe, DW et al. editors, BC Decker Inc, Hamilton, Ontario. 2003.
• Baack B, Burgdorf W (1991). "Chemotherapy-induced acral erythema". J Am Acad Dermatol 24 (3): 457–61. doi:10.1016/0190-9622(91)70073-b. PMID 2061446. 
• Crider M, Jansen J, Norins A, McHale M (1986). "Chemotherapy-induced acral erythema in patients receiving bone marrow transplantation". Arch Dermatol 122 (9): 1023–7. doi:10.1001/archderm.122.9.1023. PMID 3527075. 
• Demirçay Z, Gürbüz O, Alpdoğan T, Yücelten D, Alpdoğan O, Kurtkaya O, Bayik M (1997). "Chemotherapy-induced acral erythema in leukemic patients: a report of 15 cases". Int J Dermatol 36 (8): 593–8. doi:10.1046/j.1365-4362.1997.00040.x. PMID 9329890. 
• Vukelja S, Baker W, Burris H, Keeling J, Von Hoff D (1993). "Pyridoxine therapy for palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia associated with taxotere". J Natl Cancer Inst 85 (17): 1432–3. doi:10.1093/jnci/85.17.1432. PMID 8102408. 
• Zimmerman G, Keeling J, Burris H, Cook G, Irvin R, Kuhn J, McCollough M, Von Hoff D (1995). "Acute cutaneous reactions to docetaxel, a new chemotherapeutic agent". Arch Dermatol 131 (2): 202–6. doi:10.1001/archderm.131.2.202. PMID 7857119. 
• Zuehlke R (1974). "Erythematous eruption of the palms and soles associated with mitotane therapy". Dermatologica 148 (2): 90–2. doi:10.1159/000251603. PMID 4276191. 

Further reading

• Farr, Katherina Podlekareva; Safwat, Akmal. "Palmar-Plantar Erythrodysesthesia Associated with Chemotherapy and Its Treatment". Case Reports in Oncology 4 (1): 229–235. doi:10.1159/000327767. PMC 3085037. PMID 21537373. 

UpToDate Contents

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• 1. 従来の癌の化学療法による皮膚合併症 cutaneous complications of conventional chemotherapy agents
• 2. 分子標的剤およびその他の生物製剤を用いた癌治療による皮膚合併症 cutaneous complications of molecularly targeted therapy and other biologic agents used for cancer therapy
• 3. C型肝炎ウイルス感染の肝外症状 extrahepatic manifestations of hepatitis c virus infection
• 4. 全身化学療法に対する輸注反応 infusion reactions to systemic chemotherapy
• 5. 限局進行性で切除不能の転移性食道癌および胃癌に対する全身療法 systemic therapy for locally advanced unresectable and metastatic esophageal and gastric cancer

English Journal

• A phase I study of the histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor entinostat, in combination with sorafenib in patients with advanced solid tumors.

• Ngamphaiboon N1, Dy GK, Ma WW, Zhao Y, Reungwetwattana T, DePaolo D, Ding Y, Brady W, Fetterly G, Adjei AA.
• Investigational new drugs.Invest New Drugs.2014 Nov 5. [Epub ahead of print]
• Based on preclinical data demonstrating cytotoxic synergy between sorafenib and entinostat, a phase I study of this combination was conducted in patients with advanced solid tumors. Enrollment followed the traditional "3 + 3" dose escalation scheme. Entinostat was given orally once every 2 week
• PMID 25371323

• Dual antiangiogenic inhibition: a phase I dose escalation and expansion trial targeting VEGF-A and VEGFR in patients with advanced solid tumors.

• Falchook GS1, Wheler JJ, Naing A, Piha-Paul SA, Fu S, Tsimberidou AM, Hong DS, Janku F, Zinner R, Jiang Y, Huang M, Lin Q, Parkhurst K, Kurzrock R.
• Investigational new drugs.Invest New Drugs.2014 Nov 4. [Epub ahead of print]
• Purpose Angiogenesis plays a pivotal role in tumor growth and metastasis. Sorafenib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR), combined with bevacizumab, a monoclonal antibody to vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF-A), would vertically inhibit VEGF/VEGF
• PMID 25363205

• Genotype-phenotype relationships in Freeman-Sheldon syndrome.

• Beck AE1, McMillin MJ, Gildersleeve HI, Shively KM, Tang A, Bamshad MJ.
• American journal of medical genetics. Part A.Am J Med Genet A.2014 Nov;164(11):2808-13. doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.36762. Epub 2014 Sep 25.
• Distal arthrogryposis (DA) syndromes are a group of disorders characterized by multiple congenital contractures. DA type 2A (DA2A or Freeman-Sheldon syndrome), caused by mutations in MYH3, is typically considered the most severe of the DA syndromes. However, there is wide phenotypic variability amon
• PMID 25256237

Japanese Journal

• Correlation between docetaxel-induced skin toxicity and the use of steroids and H₂ blockers: a multi-institution survey.

• Kawaguchi K,Ishiguro H,Morita S,Nakamura S,Ohno S,Masuda N,Iwata H,Aogi K,Kuroi K,Toi M,null
• Breast cancer research and treatment 130(2), 627-634, 2011-11
• … This retrospective observational study was performed to better understand the effects of these compounds on docetaxel-induced skin toxicities, specifically hand-foot syndrome (HFS) and facial erythema (FE), a relationship that is currently poorly understood. …
• NAID 120003674040

Related Links

• Hand-Foot Syndrome - Managing Side Effects - Chemocare

Other terms: Palmar-Plantar Erythrodysesthesia; PPE What is hand-foot syndrome? Also called hand-foot syndrome or hand-to-foot syndrome, Palmar-Plantar Erythrodysesthesia is a side effect, which can occur with several ...

• 手足症候群/Hand-Foot Syndrome/手や足にしびれ、ピリピリする ...

手足症候群 （厚生労働省） 英語名：Hand-Foot Syndrome 同意語： Palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia syndrome（手掌・足底発赤知覚不全症候群） Acral erythema（肢端紅斑） Chemotherapyinduced acral ...

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リンク元	「HFS」「手足症候群」
関連記事	「hand」「foot」「syndrome」「HAND」

「HFS」

　　[★] 手足症候群 hand-foot syndrome

「手足症候群」

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hand-foot syndrome, HFS

「hand」

　　[★] 手 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　

「foot」

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関

feet

　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　

「syndrome」

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• n.

• 症候群

　 　 　

「HAND」

　　[★] HIV関連神経認知障害