gut hormone

消化管ホルモン

WordNet

1. remove the guts of; "gut the sheep"
2. a narrow channel or strait
3. empty completely; destroy the inside of; "Gut the building"
4. the secretion of an endocrine gland that is transmitted by the blood to the tissue on which it has a specific effect (同)endocrine, internal_secretion
5. a unit of force equal to the force exerted by gravity; used to indicate the force to which a body is subjected when it is accelerated (同)gee, g-force

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. 腸;(楽器の弦の材料となる)腸 / 《複数形で》内臓,腹わた(bowels) / =catgut / 《複数形で》元気,勇気,はら,根性 / 《複数形で》中身,内容 / 〈鳥・魚〉‘の'腹わたを取り除く / …‘の'中をすっかりやられる / 本能的に感じる,生き生きした;切実な
2. ホルモン

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2023/02/02 17:27:25」(JST)

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

The gastrointestinal hormones (or gut hormones) constitute a group of hormones secreted by enteroendocrine cells in the stomach, pancreas, and small intestine that control various functions of the digestive organs. Later studies showed that most of the gut peptides, such as secretin, cholecystokinin or substance P, were found to play a role of neurotransmitters and neuromodulators in the central and peripheral nervous systems.

Enteroendocrine cells do not form glands but are spread throughout the digestive tract. They exert their autocrine and paracrine actions that integrate gastrointestinal function.

Types

The gastrointestinal hormones can be divided into three main groups based upon their chemical structure.

• Gastrin–cholecystokinin family: gastrin and cholecystokinin
• Secretin family: secretin, glucagon, vasoactive intestinal peptide and gastric inhibitory peptide
• Somatostatin family
• Motilin family
• Substance P.

Ghrelin is a peptide hormone released from the stomach and liver and is often referred to as the "hunger hormone" since high levels of it are found in individuals that are fasting. Ghrelin agonistic treatments can be used to treat illnesses such as anorexia and loss of appetites in cancer patients. Ghrelin treatments for obesity are still under intense scrutiny and no conclusive evidence has been reached. This hormone stimulates growth hormone release.

Amylin controls glucose homeostasis and gastric motility

Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide possesses an acute influence on food intake through its effects on adipocytes

Oxyntomodulin plays a role in controlling acid secretion and satiation

Characteristics of prominent forms of principal gut regulatory peptides

Hormone or peptide	Molecular weight (Da)	Number of amino acids	Main gut localization	Principal physiologic actions
Gastrin family
Cholecystokinin	3918	33 (also 385, 59)	Duodenum and jejunum, Enteric nerves	Stimulates gallbladder contraction and intestinal motility; stimulates secretion of pancreatic enzymes, insulin, glucagon, and pancreatic polypeptides; has a role in indicating satiety; the C-terminal 8 amino acid peptide cholecystokinin (CCK)-8 retains full activity
Little gastrin	2098	17	Both forms of gastrin are found in the gastric antrum and duodenum	Gastrins stimulate the secretion of gastric acid, pepsinogen, intrinsic factor, and secretin; stimulate intestinal mucosal growth; increase gastric and intestinal motility
Big gastrin	3839	34
Secretin-glucagon family
Secretin	3056	27	Duodenum and jejunum	Stimulates pancreatic secretion of HCO3, enzymes and insulin; reduces gastric and duodenal motility, inhibits gastrin release and gastric acid secretion
Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP)	3326	28	Enteric nerves	Relaxes smooth muscle of gut, blood vessels, and genitourinary system; increases water and electrolyte secretion from pancreas and gut; releases hormones from pancreas, gut, and hypothalamus
Glucose-dependent insulinotropic	4976	42	Duodenum and jejunum	Stimulates insulin release; reduces gastric and intestinal motility; increases fluid and electrolyte secretion from small intestine

Brief Description of Some GI Regulatory Peptides

Hormone or peptide	Major tissue locations in the gut	Principal known actions
Bombesin	Throughout the gut and pancreas	Stimulates release of cholecystokinin (CCK) and gastrin
Calcitonin gene-related peptide	Enteric nerves	Unclear
Chromogranin A	Neuroendocrine cells	Secretory protein
Enkephalins	Stomach, duodenum	Opiate-like actions
Enteroglucagon	Small intestine, pancreas	Inhibits insulin secretion
Galanin	Enteric nerves
Ghrelin	Stomach	Stimulates appetite, increases gastric emptying
Glucagon-like peptide 1	Pancreas, ileum	Increases insulin secretion
Glucagon-like peptide 2	Ileum, colon	Enterocyte-specific growth hormone
Growth factors	Throughout the gut	Cell proliferation and differentiation
Growth hormone-releasing factor	Small intestine	Unclear
Leptin	Stomach	Appetite control
Motilin	Throughout the gut	Increases gastric emptying and small bowel motility
Neuropeptide Y	Enteric nerves	Regulation of intestinal blood flow
Neurotensin	Ileum	Affects gut motility; increases jejunal and ileal fluid secretion
Pancreatic polypeptide	Pancreas	Inhibits pancreatic and biliary secretion
Peptide YY	Colon	Inhibits food intake
Somatostatin	Stomach, pancreas	Inhibits secretion and action of many hormones
Substance P	Enteric nerves	Unclear
Trefoil peptides	Stomach, intestine	Mucosal protection and repair

See also

• Hormone, endocrine system
• Digestive system, gastrointestinal tract
• Peptide YY

External links

• Overview of Gastrointestinal Hormones - Colorado State University website

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

• 1. 健常者および疾患を有する患者における消化管ホルモンの概要 overview of gastrointestinal peptides in health and disease
• 2. 胃腸ペプチドの合成、分泌、および調節 synthesis secretion and regulation of gastrointestinal peptides
• 3. 2型糖尿病の治療のためのジペプチジルペプチダーゼ4（DPP-4）阻害剤 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 dpp 4 inhibitors for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus
• 4. コレシストキニンの生理学 physiology of cholecystokinin
• 5. 血管作動性腸管ポリペプチド vasoactive intestinal polypeptide

English Journal

• Sex biased expression of ghrelin and GHSR associated with sexual size dimorphism in yellow catfish.

• Zhang J1, Ma W1, He Y2, Wu J1, Dawar FU1, Ren F1, Zhao X1, Mei J3.
• Gene.Gene.2016 Mar 10;578(2):169-76. doi: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.12.017. Epub 2015 Dec 9.
• Sexual size dimorphism has been observed in many cultivable fish species including yellow catfish, in which male fish grow much faster than female fish. Ghrelin is a potent stimulator of pituitary growth hormone (GH) release and known to potentially promote food intake and body weight gain. In order
• PMID 26692148

• Mechanisms for the cardiovascular effects of glucagon-like peptide-1.

• Poudyal H1.
• Acta physiologica (Oxford, England).Acta Physiol (Oxf).2016 Mar;216(3):277-313. doi: 10.1111/apha.12604. Epub 2015 Oct 8.
• Over the past three decades, at least 10 hormones secreted by the enteroendocrine cells have been discovered, which directly affect the cardiovascular system through their innate receptors expressed in the heart and blood vessels or through a neural mechanism. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), an imp
• PMID 26384481

• Effects of exercise intensity on plasma concentrations of appetite-regulating hormones: Potential mechanisms.

• Hazell TJ1, Islam H2, Townsend LK3, Schmale MS4, Copeland JL5.
• Appetite.Appetite.2016 Mar 1;98:80-8. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2015.12.016. Epub 2015 Dec 22.
• The physiological control of appetite regulation involves circulating hormones with orexigenic (appetite-stimulating) and anorexigenic (appetite-inhibiting) properties that induce alterations in energy intake via perceptions of hunger and satiety. As the effectiveness of exercise to induce weight lo
• PMID 26721721

Japanese Journal

• 咀嚼と運動からみた消化管ホルモンの変動

• 体力科学 65(4), 367-373, 2016
• NAID 130005165061

• 機能性ディスペプシア―病態の新たな展開―

• 日本消化器病学会雑誌 113(6), 927-935, 2016
• NAID 130005154265

• The Effects of a Hypocaloric Diet on Diet-Induced Thermogenesis and Blood Hormone Response in Healthy Male Adults: A Pilot Study

• Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology 62(1), 40-46, 2016
• NAID 130005148604

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「消化管ホルモン」
拡張検索	「gut hormone-producing tumor」
関連記事	「gut」「g」

「消化管ホルモン」

　　[★]

英

gastrointestinal hormone

同

胃腸ホルモン gut hormone

• SP.680-

資料によって書いてあることがバラバラ

種類

名称	分泌粘膜部位					主な作用	分泌刺激	分泌細胞
	胃		十二指腸	小腸
		幽門部		上部
ガストリン		○				塩酸・ペプシン分泌↑ 膵酵素分泌↑	タンパク質、アルコール、カフェイン	G細胞
コレシストキニン			○			膵液分泌(酵素多)↑	小腸内タンパク質分解産物、酸、脂肪酸、アルコール	I細胞
セクレチン			○	○		膵液分泌(HCO3-多)↑ 胃酸分泌↓	小腸内ペプチド、酸、アルコール	S細胞
胃酸分泌抑制ポリペプチド 胃抑制ペプチド GIP			○			インスリン分泌↓	小腸内の糖質、酸、機械的刺激	K細胞
						胃運動・分泌↓
ソマトスタチン	○		○	○		消化管運動↓	ガストリン、セクレチン、コレシストキニン	D細胞
						ガストリン、セクレチン、胃酸分泌↓
モチリン				○		胃腸運動↑	十二指腸内アルカリ性内容物	MO細胞

胃腸内分泌細胞と消化管ホルモン (HIS.332)

細胞		産生ホルモン	ホルモンの作用	局在			分泌果粒の 大きさ(nm)
				胃	小腸	大腸
A細胞		グルカゴン エンテログルカゴン	肝細胞でのグリコーゲン分解を促進し、血糖値を上昇	○	○		250
D細胞		ソマトスタチン	近くの内分泌細胞のホルモン分泌を抑制	○	○	○	350
EC細胞	腸クロム親和性細胞	セロトニン、サブスタンスP	蠕動運動を促進	○	○	○	300
ECL細胞	腸クロム親和性細胞様細胞	ヒスタミン	塩酸分泌を促進.	○			450
G細胞	ガストリン産生細胞	ガストリン	塩酸分泌、胃の運動(特に幽門部の収縮と幽門括約筋の弛緩による胃内容の排出を調整)、および胃体部の幹細胞の増殖	○	○		300
GL細胞	グリセンチン産生細胞	グリセンチン	肝細胞でのグリコーゲン分解を促進し、血糖値を上昇	○	○	○	400
I細胞		コレシストキニン	膵臓の消化酵素分泌と胆嚢の収縮を促進		○		250
K細胞		胃抑制ペプチド GIP	塩酸分泌を抑制		○		350
MO細胞	モチリン産生細胞	モチリン	腸の蠕動を促進		○
N細胞	ニューロテンシン産生細胞	ニユーロテンシン	回腸ヘの血流を増加させ、小腸と大腸の蠕動運動を抑制		○		300
PP細胞	膵ポリペプチド産生細胞	膵ポリペプチド	不明	○		○	180
S細胞		セクレチン	膵臓からの重炭酸含有液の分泌を促進		○		200
VIP細胞	血管作動性腸ペプチド産生細胞	血管作動性腸ペプチド	小腸と大腸の蠕動運動を促進し、消化管による水とイオンの排出を促進	○	○	○

「gut hormone-producing tumor」

　　[★] 消化管ホルモン産生腫瘍

「gut」

　　[★]

• n.

• 腸

関

bowel、entero、intestinal、intestine

　 　 　 　

「g」

　　[★] グラム

関

gram