WordNet

cultivate by growing, often involving improvements by means of agricultural techniques; "The Bordeaux region produces great red wines"; "They produce good ham in Parma"; "We grow wheat here"; "We raise hogs here" (同)raise, farm, produce
come to have or undergo a change of (physical features and attributes); "He grew a beard"; "The patient developed abdominal pains"; "I got funny spots all over my body"; "Well-developed breasts" (同)develop, produce, get, acquire
become attached by or as if by the process of growth; "The tree trunks had grown together"
become larger, greater, or bigger; expand or gain; "The problem grew too large for me"; "Her business grew fast"
cause to grow or develop; "He grows vegetables in his backyard"
increase in size by natural process; "Corn doesnt grow here"; "In these forests, mushrooms grow under the trees"; "her hair doesnt grow much anymore"
(biology) the process of an individual organism growing organically; a purely biological unfolding of events involved in an organism changing gradually from a simple to a more complex level; "he proposed an indicator of osseous development in children" (同)growing, maturation, development, ontogeny, ontogenesis
(pathology) an abnormal proliferation of tissue (as in a tumor)
a progression from simpler to more complex forms; "the growth of culture"
something grown or growing; "a growth of hair"
vegetation that has grown; "a growth of trees"; "the only growth was some salt grass"
a cellular structure that is postulated to exist in order to mediate between a chemical agent that acts on nervous tissue and the physiological response
the secretion of an endocrine gland that is transmitted by the blood to the tissue on which it has a specific effect (同)endocrine, internal_secretion

PrepTutorEJDIC

『成長する』,育つ,〈植物が〉生える,茂る / (類・量・程などにおいて)『増大する』,大きくなる / 『しだいになる』 / …‘を'成長させる,大きくする,育てる / …から生じる(起こる)
〈U〉(…の)『成長』,発育;『発達』,発展《+『of』+『名』》 / 〈U〉(数・量,重要性・力などの)『増加』,増大,拡張《+『of』+『名』》 / 〈U〉《修飾語[句]を伴って》栽培,生産,…産 / 〈C〉成育した物,(草,木,髪,ひげなどの)生えたもの / 〈C〉腫瘍(しゅよう)
〈U〉〈C〉(…の)(量・額などの)不足,欠乏《+『of』(『in』)+『名』》 / 〈C〉不足分,不足量,不足額 / 〈C〉(精神・肉体などの)欠陥
=sense organ / 受信装置
ホルモン

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1. 成長ホルモン不感受性症候群 growth hormone insensitivity syndromes
2. 小児における成長ホルモン欠乏症の治療 treatment of growth hormone deficiency in children
3. X連鎖重度複合型免疫不全（SCID） x linked severe combined immunodeficiency scid
4. 成長ホルモンの生理学 physiology of growth hormone
5. 先端巨大症の治療 treatment of acromegaly

English Journal

IGF-1 receptor deficiency in thyrocytes impairs thyroid hormone secretion and completely inhibits TSH-stimulated goiter.

Ock S, Ahn J, Lee SH, Kang H, Offermanns S, Ahn HY, Jo YS, Shong M, Cho BY, Jo D, Abel ED, Lee TJ, Park WJ, Lee IK, Kim J.Author information 2Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University, 224-1 Heuk Seok-dong, Dongjak-ku Seoul 156-755, Korea. jtkim@cau.ac.kr.AbstractAlthough thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) is known to be a major regulator of thyroid hormone biosynthesis and thyroid growth, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) is required for mediating thyrocyte growth in concert with TSH in vitro. We generated mice with thyrocyte-selective ablation of IGF-1 receptor (TIGF1RKO) to explore the role of IGF-1 receptor signaling on thyroid function and growth. In 5-wk-old TIGF1RKO mice, serum thyroxine (T4) concentrations were decreased by 30% in concert with a 43% down-regulation of the monocarboxylate transporter 8 (MCT8), which is involved in T4 secretion. Despite a 3.5-fold increase in circulating concentrations of TSH, thyroid architecture and size were normal. Furthermore, thyrocyte area was increased by 40% in WT thyroids after 10 d TSH injection, but this effect was absent in TSH-injected TIGF1RKO mice. WT mice treated with methimazole and sodium perchlorate for 2 or 6 wk exhibited pronounced goiter development (2.0 and 5.4-fold, respectively), but in TIGF1RKO mice, goiter development was completely abrogated. These data reveal an essential role for IGF-1 receptor signaling in the regulation of thyroid function and TSH-stimulated goitrogenesis.-Ock, S., Ahn, J., Lee, S. H., Kang, H., Offermanns, S., Ahn, H. Y., Jo, Y.S., Shong, M., Cho, B. Y., Jo, D., Abel, E. D., Lee, T. J., Park, W. J., Lee, I.-K., Kim, J. IGF-1 receptor deficiency in thyrocytes impairs thyroid hormone secretion and completely inhibits TSH-stimulated goiter.
FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology.FASEB J.2013 Dec;27(12):4899-908. doi: 10.1096/fj.13-231381. Epub 2013 Aug 27.
Although thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) is known to be a major regulator of thyroid hormone biosynthesis and thyroid growth, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) is required for mediating thyrocyte growth in concert with TSH in vitro. We generated mice with thyrocyte-selective ablation of IGF-1 r
PMID 23982142

Insulin analogues may accelerate progression of diabetic retinopathy after impairment of inner blood-retinal barrier.

Kaya A, Kar T, Aksoy Y, Ozalper V, Başbuğ B.Author information Resident of Ophthalmology, GATA Haydarpasa Training Hospital, Department of Ophthalmology, Istanbul, Turkey. Electronic address: abdullahkayamd@gmail.com.AbstractDiabetic retinopathy regresses after spontaneous infarction or surgical ablation of pituitary gland. Growth hormone deficiency seems to be a protective factor for development of diabetic retinopathy in dwarfs. Despite the same glycemic control, development of diabetic retinopathy is significantly higher in pubertal subjects than pre-pubertal subjects. These evidences indicate a strong relationship between growth hormone and progression of diabetic retinopathy. Insulin like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is the most important mediator of effects of growth hormone (GH). It stimulates IGF-1 receptor. Insulin analogues also stimulate IGF-1 receptor. Therefore insulin analogues may show similar effects like growth hormone and deteriorate diabetic retinopathy. However we suggest that impairment degree of inner blood-retinal barrier should be considered for this claim. We hypothesize that insulin analogues have dual effects (beneficial and worsening) depending on stage of impairment of inner blood-retinal barrier. Insulin analogues protect pericytes and blood-retinal barrier by decreasing blood glucose level. Analogues may pass into the retinal tissue in very low amounts when inner blood-retinal barrier is intact. Therefore, insulin analogues may not deteriorate diabetic retinopathy but also have beneficial effect by protecting blood-retinal barrier at this stage. However, they may pass into the retinal tissue in much more amounts when inner blood-retinal barrier impairs. Analogues may deteriorate cellular composition of retina through stimulation of IGF-1 receptors. A number of different cell types, including glia, retinal pigment epithelial cells and fibroblast-like cells have been identified in diabetic epiretinal tissues. Insulin analogues may cause proliferation in these cells. A type of glial cell named Non-astrocytic Inner Retinal Glia-like (NIRG) cell was identified to be stimulated and proliferate by IGF-1. IGF has been reported to generate traction force in retinal pigment epitelium (RPE) and mullerian cells. Mullerian cells also support inner blood-retinal barrier. Insulin analogues may cause proliferation in glial cells and generate traction force in RPE and mullerian cells by stimulating IGF-1 receptor. These effects of analogues may increase after deterioration of inner blood-retinal barrier and cause structural changes in retinal tissue. Deterioration of cellular structure may contribute to impairment of inner blood-retinal barrier, facilitate anjiogenesis and influence vitreoretinal interface. Therefore we suggest that insulin analogues should be used carefully after impairment of inner blood-retinal barrier. Analogues that bind with lesser affinity to IGF-1 receptor should be chosen after impairment. Pharmacologic agents may be developed to antagonize effect of insulin analogues on IGF-1 receptors.
Medical hypotheses.Med Hypotheses.2013 Dec;81(6):1012-4. doi: 10.1016/j.mehy.2013.09.018. Epub 2013 Sep 17.
Diabetic retinopathy regresses after spontaneous infarction or surgical ablation of pituitary gland. Growth hormone deficiency seems to be a protective factor for development of diabetic retinopathy in dwarfs. Despite the same glycemic control, development of diabetic retinopathy is significantly hi
PMID 24090664

Current understanding on ethylene signaling in plants: The influence of nutrient availability.

Iqbal N, Trivellini A, Masood A, Ferrante A, Khan NA.Author information Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India. Electronic address: naushina.iqbal@gmail.com.AbstractThe plant hormone ethylene is involved in many physiological processes, including plant growth, development and senescence. Ethylene also plays a pivotal role in plant response or adaptation under biotic and abiotic stress conditions. In plants, ethylene production often enhances the tolerance to sub-optimal environmental conditions. This role is particularly important from both ecological and agricultural point of views. Among the abiotic stresses, the role of ethylene in plants under nutrient stress conditions has not been completely investigated. In literature few reports are available on the interaction among ethylene and macro- or micro-nutrients. However, the published works clearly demonstrated that several mineral nutrients largely affect ethylene biosynthesis and perception with a strong influence on plant physiology. The aim of this review is to revisit the old findings and recent advances of knowledge regarding the sub-optimal nutrient conditions on the effect of ethylene biosynthesis and perception in plants. The effect of deficiency or excess of the single macronutrient or micronutrient on the ethylene pathway and plant responses are reviewed and discussed. The synergistic and antagonist effect of the different mineral nutrients on ethylene plant responses is critically analyzed. Moreover, this review highlights the status of information between nutritional stresses and plant response, emphasizing the topics that should be further investigated.
Plant physiology and biochemistry : PPB / Société française de physiologie végétale.Plant Physiol Biochem.2013 Dec;73:128-38. doi: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2013.09.011. Epub 2013 Sep 20.
The plant hormone ethylene is involved in many physiological processes, including plant growth, development and senescence. Ethylene also plays a pivotal role in plant response or adaptation under biotic and abiotic stress conditions. In plants, ethylene production often enhances the tolerance to su
PMID 24095919

Japanese Journal

Growth hormone deficiency in monozygotic twins with autosomal dominant pseudohypoparathyroidism type Ib

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Endocrine Journal advpub(0), 2015
… Pseudohypoparathyroidism (PHP) is associated with compromised signal transductions via PTH receptor (PTH-R) and other G-protein-coupled receptors including GHRH-R. …
NAID 130005060869

Effects of Zinc Deficiency and Supplementation on Leptin and Leptin Receptor Expression in Pregnant Mice

, , , , ,
Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 37(4), 581-587, 2014
… Leptin is an adipose-derived hormone that primarily regulates energy balance in response to nutrition. … In the present study, the effects of Zn deficiency and supplementation on maternal plasma leptin and soluble Ob-R regulation in pregnant mice placentas were examined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, and Western blotting. …
NAID 130003390961

Submicroscopic deletion involving fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 gene in a patient with combined pituitary hormone deficiency

FUKAMI Maki,ISO Manami,SATO Naoko,IGARASHI Maki,SEO Misuzu,KAZUKAWA Itsuro,KINOSHITA Eiichi,DATEKI Sumito,OGATA Tsutomu
Endocrine journal 60(8), 1013-1020, 2013-08-01
NAID 10031195771