WordNet

remarkable or out of the ordinary in degree or magnitude or effect; "a great crisis"; "had a great stake in the outcome"
a person who has achieved distinction and honor in some field; "he is one of the greats of American music"
of major significance or importance; "a great work of art"; "Einstein was one of the outstanding figures of the 20th centurey" (同)outstanding
relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind; "a great juicy steak"; "a great multitude"; "the great auk"; "a great old oak"; "a great ocean liner"; "a great delay"
any of various organs that synthesize substances needed by the body and release it through ducts or directly into the bloodstream (同)secretory organ, secretor, secreter
greater in size or importance or degree; "for the greater good of the community"; "the greater Antilles"
a gland that opens into the vestibule of the vagina; secretions lubricate the vagina during coitus
relating to the sense of equilibrium

PrepTutorEJDIC

(規模・範囲などが)『大きい』,巨大な / 『多数の』;『多量の』 / 『偉大な』,すぐれた;《the Great》《称号・肩書に用いて》 / (身分・地位などの)高い / 気高い,崇高な / 《名詞の前にのみ用いて》重要な,重大な / 《人を表す名詞の前にのみ用いて》大の,たいへんな / 《話》すてきな,すばらしい / 《名詞的に》《the great》偉大な人たち,重要人物 / とても,すごく / とてもよく(very well) / 大物,花形
(生物体内の)腺(せん)

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/07/27 01:25:07」(JST)

wiki en

The Bartholin's glands (also called Bartholin glands or greater vestibular glands) are two pea sized compound racemose glands^[2] located slightly posterior and to the left and right of the opening of the vagina. They secrete mucus to lubricate the vagina and are homologous to bulbourethral glands in males. However, while Bartholin's glands are located in the superficial perineal pouch in females, bulbourethral glands are located in the deep perineal pouch in males. Their duct length is 1.5 to 2.0 cm and open into navicular fossa.^[2] The ducts are paired and open on the surface of the vulva.

Function

Bartholin's glands secrete mucus to provide vaginal lubrication.^[3]^[4] Bartholin's glands secrete relatively minute amounts of fluid when a woman is sexually aroused.^[5] The minute droplets of fluid were once believed to be important for lubricating the vagina, but research from Masters and Johnson demonstrated that vaginal lubrication comes from deeper within the vagina.^[5] The fluid may slightly moisten the labial opening of the vagina, serving to make contact with this sensitive area more comfortable for the woman.^[5]

Clinical significance

Although unusual, it is possible for the Bartholin's glands to become irritated or infected, resulting in pain.^[5] Inflammation of these glands can be caused by but not limited to gonorrhoeal and chlamydial infections and is called bartholinitis.^[2] If the duct becomes obstructed, a Bartholin's cyst can develop, and a Bartholin's cyst in turn can become infected and form an abscess. Adenocarcinoma of the gland is rare, but benign tumors and hyperplasia are even more rare.^[6]

History

Bartholin's glands were first described in the 17th century by the Danish anatomist Caspar Bartholin the Younger (1655–1738).^[7] Some sources mistakenly ascribe their discovery to his grandfather, theologian and anatomist Caspar Bartholin the Elder (1585–1629).^[8]

References

^ ^a ^b Greater Vestibular (Bartholin) gland
^ ^a ^b ^c Manual of Obstetrics. (3rd ed.). Elsevier. pp. 1-16. ISBN 9788131225561.
^ "Viscera of the Urogenital Triangle". University of Arkansas Medical School.
^ Chrétien, F.C.; Berthou J. (September 18, 2006). "Crystallographic investigation of the dried exudate of the major vestibular (Bartholin's) glands in women.". Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 135 (1): 116–22. doi:10.1016/j.ejogrb.2006.06.031. PMID 16987591. |accessdate= requires |url= (help)
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d "Bartholin's Gland". Discovery Health.
^ Argenta PA; Bell K; Reynolds C; Weinstein R (Oct 1997). "Bartholin's gland hyperplasia in a postmenopausal woman". Obstetrics & Gynecology 90 (4 part 2): 695–7. doi:10.1016/S0029-7844(97)00409-2. PMID 11770602.
^ Bartholin's gland at Who Named It?
^ C. C. Gillispie (ed.): Dictionary of Scientific Biography, New York 1970. See the article on Thomas Bartholin.

External links

Anatomy photo:41:11-0200 at the SUNY Downstate Medical Center—"The Female Perineum: Muscles of the Superficial Perineal Pouch"
SUNY Anatomy Image 9243
SUNY Anatomy Image 9694—opening
greater+vestibular+gland at eMedicine Dictionary

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

1. 唾液腺腫瘍：疫学、診断、評価、および病期分類 salivary gland tumors epidemiology diagnosis evaluation and staging
2. 外陰膿瘍 vulvar abscess
3. 前庭神経鞘腫（聴神経腫） vestibular schwannoma acoustic neuroma
4. Salivary gland stones
5. Bartholin gland masses: Diagnosis and management

English Journal

Correlating planned radiation dose to the cochlea with primary site and tumor stage in patients with head and neck cancer treated with intensity-modulated radiation therapy.

Zhang J1, Qureshi MM1, Kovalchuk N1, Truong MT2.Author information 1Department of Radiation Oncology, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, MA.2Department of Radiation Oncology, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, MA. Electronic address: mitruong@bu.edu.AbstractThe aim of the study was to determine tumor characteristics that predict higher planned radiation (RT) dose to the cochlea in patients with head and neck cancer (HNC) treated with intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT). From 2004 to 2012, 99 patients with HNC underwent definitive IMRT to a median dose of 69.96Gy in 33 fractions, with the right and left cochlea-vestibular apparatus contoured for IMRT optimization as avoidance structures. If disease involvement was adjacent to the cochlea, preference was given to tumor coverage by prescription dose. Descriptive statistics were calculated for dose-volume histogram planning data, and mean planning dose to the cochlea (from left or right cochlea, receiving the greater amount of RT dose) was correlated to primary site and tumor stage. Mean (standard deviation) cochlear volume was 1.0 (0.60)cm(3) with maximum and mean planned doses of 31.9 (17.5)Gy and 22.1 (13.7)Gy, respectively. Mean planned dose (Gy) to cochlea by tumor site was as follows: oral cavity (18.6, 14.4), oropharynx (21.7, 9.1), nasopharynx (36.3, 10.4), hypopharynx (14.9, 7.1), larynx (2.1, 0.62), others including the parotid gland, temporal bone, and paranasal sinus (33.6, 24.0), and unknown primary (25.6, 6.7). Average mean planned dose (Gy) to the cochlea in T0-T2 and T3-T4 disease was 22.0 and 29.2Gy, respectively (p = 0.019). By site, a significant difference was noted for nasopharynx and others (31.6 and 50.7, p = 0.012) but not for oropharynx, oral cavity, and hypopharynx. Advanced T category predicted for higher mean cochlear dose, particularly for nasopharyngeal, parotid gland, temporal bone, and paranasal sinus HNC sites.
Medical dosimetry : official journal of the American Association of Medical Dosimetrists.Med Dosim.2014 Spring;39(1):88-92. doi: 10.1016/j.meddos.2013.10.004.
The aim of the study was to determine tumor characteristics that predict higher planned radiation (RT) dose to the cochlea in patients with head and neck cancer (HNC) treated with intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT). From 2004 to 2012, 99 patients with HNC underwent definitive IMRT to a median d
PMID 24485054

Bartholin's gland hyperplasia. Case report and a review of literature.

Fiori E, Ferraro D, Borrini F, De Cesare A, Leone G, Crocetti A, Schillaci A.AbstractBACKGROUND: Tumors arising from glands of the female ano-genital area, such as minor and major vestibular glands, are very rare. Lesions affecting Bartholin's gland can be divided into two groups: benign and malignant lesions. In the first group we can include nodular hyperplasia, adenoma, adenomioma which can sometimes cause Bartholin's gland enlargement and difficult differential diagnosis. Surgery is considered the treatment of choice, frequently represented by marsupialization with rates of local recurrence.
Annali italiani di chirurgia.Ann Ital Chir.2013 Nov 18;84(ePub). pii: S2239253X13021774.
BACKGROUND: Tumors arising from glands of the female ano-genital area, such as minor and major vestibular glands, are very rare. Lesions affecting Bartholin's gland can be divided into two groups: benign and malignant lesions. In the first group we can include nodular hyperplasia, adenoma, adenomiom
PMID 24225038

Clinical and microbiological characteristics of Bartholin gland abscesses.

Kessous R1, Aricha-Tamir B, Sheizaf B, Steiner N, Moran-Gilad J, Weintraub AY.Author information 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Soroka University Medical Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, and Public Health Services, Ministry of Health, Jerusalem, Israel.Erratum inObstet Gynecol. 2013 Dec;122(6):1308. Shteiner, Naama [corrected to Steiner, Naama]. AbstractOBJECTIVE: To examine the clinical course and causative microorganisms of Bartholin gland abscesses.
Obstetrics and gynecology.Obstet Gynecol.2013 Oct;122(4):794-9. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0b013e3182a5f0de.
OBJECTIVE: To examine the clinical course and causative microorganisms of Bartholin gland abscesses.METHODS: This was a retrospective study of all patients treated for Bartholin gland abscesses between the years 2006 and 2011 at the Soroka University Medical Center, a regional medical center in sout
PMID 24084536

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「バルトリン腺」
関連記事	「great」「vestibular」

「バルトリン腺」

Bartholin's gland
	Genital organs of female.;
Latin	glandula vestibularis major
Gray's	p.1266
Artery	external pudendal artery
Nerve	ilioinguinal nerve
Lymph	superficial inguinal lymph nodes
Precursor	Urogenital sinus
MeSH	Bartholin's+Glands
Dorlands; /Elsevier	Bartholin gland

　　[★]

英: Bartholin gland, Bartholin's gland
ラ: glandula Bartholini
同: 大前庭腺 greater vestibular gland (Z) glandula vestibularis major、Bartholin腺
関: 小前庭腺、前庭腺。腟

[show details]

バルトリン腺 : 約 104,000 件
大前庭腺 : 約 24,100 件

図：N.359、(M.252の図は変？)
前庭の両側で、腟口の後外側に存在
粘液を分泌

左右の前庭球の後端に位置し腟口の両側中央部に開口
発生：尿生殖洞

発生学的な関係 (KH.258,264 N.362,368)

|TLEFT|c |男性|前立腺|尿道腺 (Littre腺)|球尿道腺| |女性|尿道腺|小前庭腺 (スキーン腺)|大前庭腺|

「great」

　　[★]

adj.

[限定]偉大な、卓越した。有名な、著明な
[限定](規模・形の)大きな、巨大な
(比較)(同種の中で)大きい方の、大形種の
[限定](数量の)多い、多数[大量]の。(時間・距離の)長い
(程度の)大きな、非常な
[程度表示の可能な、人を表す名詞を限定して]大の、真にその名にふさわしい
[限定]重要な。(比較)[the ～]主要な
[限定]身分/地位の高い
(考え・行為などが)高潔な
[限定]好んで使われる

adv.
n.

関: a large number of、a lot of、large、large number、manifold、many、massive、multitude、numerous、sizable

「vestibular」

　　[★]

adj.

前庭の

関: vestibule、vestibulo

[stanford-1] Greater Vestibular (Bartholin) gland

[:1-2] Manual of Obstetrics. (3rd ed.). Elsevier. pp. 1-16. ISBN 9788131225561.

[3] "Viscera of the Urogenital Triangle". University of Arkansas Medical School.

[4] Chrétien, F.C.; Berthou J. (September 18, 2006). "Crystallographic investigation of the dried exudate of the major vestibular (Bartholin's) glands in women.". Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 135 (1): 116–22. doi:10.1016/j.ejogrb.2006.06.031. PMID 16987591. |accessdate= requires |url= (help)

[Discovery_health-5] "Bartholin's Gland". Discovery Health.

[6] Argenta PA; Bell K; Reynolds C; Weinstein R (Oct 1997). "Bartholin's gland hyperplasia in a postmenopausal woman". Obstetrics & Gynecology 90 (4 part 2): 695–7. doi:10.1016/S0029-7844(97)00409-2. PMID 11770602.

[7] Bartholin's gland at Who Named It?

[8] C. C. Gillispie (ed.): Dictionary of Scientific Biography, New York 1970. See the article on Thomas Bartholin.

匿名

検索

案内

案内

greater vestibular gland