出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/03/05 07:04:25」(JST)
| Ambrosia trifida | |
|---|---|
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Conservation status
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Secure (NatureServe) |
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| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| (unranked): | Angiosperms |
| (unranked): | Eudicots |
| (unranked): | Asterids |
| Order: | Asterales |
| Family: | Asteraceae |
| Tribe: | Heliantheae |
| Genus: | Ambrosia |
| Species: | A. trifida |
| Binomial name | |
| Ambrosia trifida L. (1753)[1] |
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| Synonyms[2] | |
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Ambrosia trifida, called giant ragweed, is a species of flowering plant in the sunflower family. It is native to North America, where it is widespread in Canada, the United States, and northern Mexico.[1] It is present in Europe and Asia as an introduced species, and it is known as a common weed in many regions.[3] Its common names include great ragweed, Texan great ragweed, giant ragweed, tall ragweed, blood ragweed, perennial ragweed, horseweed,[4] buffaloweed, and kinghead.[5]
This is an annual herb usually growing up to 2 m (6 ft 7 in) tall, but known to reach over 6 m (20 ft) in rich, moist soils. The tough stems have woody bases and are branching or unbranched.[5] Most leaves are oppositely arranged. The blades are variable in shape, sometimes palmate with five lobes, and often with toothed edges. The largest can be over 25 cm (9.8 in) long by 20 cm (7.9 in) wide. They are borne on petioles several centimeters long. They are glandular and rough in texture. The species is monoecious, with plants bearing inflorescences containing both pistillate and staminate flowers. The former are clustered at the base of the spike and the latter grow at the end. The fruit is a bur a few millimeters long tipped with several tiny spines.[1][6]
This species is well known as a noxious weed, both in its native range and in areas where it is an introduced and often invasive species.[7][8] It is naturalized in some areas, and it is recorded as an adventive species in others.[3] It grows in many types of disturbed habitat, such as roadsides, and in cultivated fields. Widespread seed dispersal occurs when its spiny burs fall off the plant and are carried to new habitat by people, animals, machinery, or flowing water. The plant is destructive to native and crop plants because it easily outcompetes them for light.[5]
There is also great interest in preventing the spread of this plant because its pollen is a significant human allergen.[9] It is one of the most familiar allergenic ragweeds, and residents of different regions begin to experience allergic symptoms as the plant spreads into the area.[10]
Native Americans had a number of uses for the plant as traditional medicine. The Cherokee used it as a remedy for insect stings, hives, fever, and pneumonia, and the Iroquois used it to treat diarrhea.[11]
Giant ragweed has been used successfully as a compost activator and an ingredient in sheet mulch gardens.[12]
Habit
Leaves
Inflorescence
Tall specimen in Texas
Illustration by Carl Axel Magnus Lindman
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| 関連記事 | 「great」「ragweed」 |