WordNet

remarkable or out of the ordinary in degree or magnitude or effect; "a great crisis"; "had a great stake in the outcome"
a person who has achieved distinction and honor in some field; "he is one of the greats of American music"
of major significance or importance; "a great work of art"; "Einstein was one of the outstanding figures of the 20th centurey" (同)outstanding
relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind; "a great juicy steak"; "a great multitude"; "the great auk"; "a great old oak"; "a great ocean liner"; "a great delay"
small room in which a monk or nun lives (同)cubicle
a device that delivers an electric current as the result of a chemical reaction (同)electric cell
a room where a prisoner is kept (同)jail cell, prison cell
(biology) the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms; they may exist as independent units of life (as in monads) or may form colonies or tissues as in higher plants and animals
any small compartment; "the cells of a honeycomb"
a small unit serving as part of or as the nucleus of a larger political movement (同)cadre
pertaining to the tiny air sacs of the lungs
pertaining to the sockets of the teeth or that part of the upper jaw; "alveolar processes"

PrepTutorEJDIC

(規模・範囲などが)『大きい』,巨大な / 『多数の』;『多量の』 / 『偉大な』,すぐれた;《the Great》《称号・肩書に用いて》 / (身分・地位などの)高い / 気高い,崇高な / 《名詞の前にのみ用いて》重要な,重大な / 《人を表す名詞の前にのみ用いて》大の,たいへんな / 《話》すてきな,すばらしい / 《名詞的に》《the great》偉大な人たち,重要人物 / とても,すごく / とてもよく(very well) / 大物,花形
(刑務所の)『独房』;(修道院の)小さい独居室 / (ミツバチの)みつ房,巣穴 / 小さい部屋 / 『細胞』 / 電池 / 花粉室 / (共産党などの)細胞
歯茎音の(舌先を上歯茎にふれて発音する) / 肺胞の;歯槽(しそう)の / 歯茎音

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/08/08 21:19:33」(JST)

wiki en

Type II pneumocytes also called alveolar type II cells, great alveolar cells or septal cells are granular and roughly cuboidal in shape. Type II pneumocytes are typically found at the alveolar-septal junction. Although they comprise 60% of the alveolar lining cells, because of their shape they cover a much smaller surface area than type I cells (<5%). ^[1]

Development[edit source | edit]

Type II cells start to develop at about 24 weeks of gestation, secreting small amounts of surfactant. However, adequate amounts of surfactant are not secreted until about 35 weeks of gestation - this is the main reason for increased incidence rates of Infant respiratory distress syndrome, which drastically reduces at ages above 35 weeks gestation.

Function[edit source | edit]

Type II cells are responsible for the production and secretion of surfactant (the majority of which are dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine), a group of phospholipids that reduce the alveolar surface tension. Surfactant phospholipids are stored in Type II pneumocytes in lamellar bodies, which are specialized vesicles. Release of surfactant in lamellar bodies occurs from an infant's first breath onwards.

Type II pneumocytes can replicate in the alveoli and will replicate to replace damaged Type I pneumocytes.

MUC1, a human gene associated with type II pneumocytes, has been identified as a marker in lung cancer.^[2]

References[edit source | edit]

^ "Histology, A Text and Atlas, Sixth Edition," 2011, by Ross, Michael H, and Pawlina, Wojciech
^ Jarrard JA, Linnoila RI, Lee H, Steinberg SM, Witschi H, Szabo E (December 1998). "MUC1 is a novel marker for the type II pneumocyte lineage during lung carcinogenesis". Cancer Res. 58 (23): 5582–9. PMID 9850098.

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UpToDate Contents

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1. 自家造血幹細胞移植後の肺合併症 pulmonary complications after autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation
2. 同種造血細胞移植後の肺合併症 pulmonary complications after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation
3. びまん性肺胞出血症候群 the diffuse alveolar hemorrhage syndromes
4. 軟部および骨肉腫の病原因子 pathogenetic factors in soft tissue and bone sarcomas
5. 末梢性T細胞リンパ腫の初期治療 initial treatment of peripheral t cell lymphoma

English Journal

Respiratory distress and early neonatal lethality in hspa4l/hspa4 double-mutant mice.

Mohamed BA1, Barakat AZ, Held T, Elkenani M, Mühlfeld C, Männer J, Adham IM.Author information 11 Institute of Human Genetics, and.AbstractHeat shock proteins HSPA4L and HSPA4 are closely related members of the HSP110 family and act as cochaperones. We generated Hspa4l(-/-)Hspa4(-/-) mice to investigate a functional complementarity between HSPA4L and HSPA4 during embryonic development. Hspa4l(-/-)Hspa4(-/-) embryos exhibited marked pulmonary hypoplasia and neonatal death. Compared with lungs of wild-type, Hspa4l(-/-), and Hspa4(-/-) embryos, Hspa4l(-/-)Hspa4(-/-) lungs were characterized by diminished saccular spaces and increased mesenchymal septa. Mesenchymal hypercellularity was determined to be due to an increased cell proliferation index and decreased cell death. A significant increase in expression levels of prosurvival protein B cell leukemia/lymphoma 2 may be the cause for inhibition of apoptotic process in lungs of Hspa4(-/-)Hspa4l(-/-) embryos. Accumulation of glycogen and diminished expression of surfactant protein B, prosurfactant protein C, and aquaporin 5 in saccular epithelium suggested impaired maturation of type II and type I pneumocytes in the Hspa4l(-/-)Hspa4(-/-) lungs. Further experiments showed a significant accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins in the lungs of Hspa4l(-/-)Hspa4(-/-) embryos, indicating an impaired chaperone activity. Our study demonstrates that HSPA4L and HSPA4 collaborate in embryonic lung maturation, which is necessary for adaptation to air breathing at birth.
American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology.Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol.2014 Apr;50(4):817-24. doi: 10.1165/rcmb.2013-0132OC.
Heat shock proteins HSPA4L and HSPA4 are closely related members of the HSP110 family and act as cochaperones. We generated Hspa4l(-/-)Hspa4(-/-) mice to investigate a functional complementarity between HSPA4L and HSPA4 during embryonic development. Hspa4l(-/-)Hspa4(-/-) embryos exhibited marked pul
PMID 23980576

Acidic pH triggers conformational changes at the NH2-terminal propeptide of the precursor of pulmonary surfactant protein B to form a coiled coil structure.

Bañares-Hidalgo A1, Pérez-Gil J1, Estrada P2.Author information 1Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular I, Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complutense, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain.2Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular I, Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complutense, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: mpestrada@bio.ucm.es.AbstractPulmonary surfactant protein SP-B is synthesized as a larger precursor, proSP-B, which processing and coupled membrane-assembly occurs upon acidification along the pathway to lamellar bodies, the organelles where surfactant is stored in pneumocytes. It has been proposed that the N-terminal propeptide of proSP-B (SP-BN) protects the hydrophobic SP-B module and drives the pH-dependent processing and assembly of the protein. In the present work, we report that a recombinant form of human SP-BN forms a coiled coil structure at acidic pH. The protonation of a residue with pK=4.8±0.06 is the responsible of concomitant conformational changes as detected by circular dichroism and intrinsic fluorescence emission. Sedimentation velocity analysis showed absence of monomeric SP-BN and protein oligomerization at any pH condition, with an enrichment of the species compatible with a tetramer at acidic pH. Low 2,2,2,-trifluoroethanol concentration promoted β-sheet structures in SP-BN, which bind Thioflavin T, at acidic pH, whereas it promoted coiled coil structures at neutral pH. The amino acid stretch predicted to form β-sheet parallel association in SP-BN overlaps with the sequence predicted by several programs to form coiled coil structure. A synthetic peptide (60W-E85) designed from the sequence of the amino acid stretch of SP-BN predicted to form coiled coil structure showed random coil conformation at neutral pH but concentration-dependent helical structure at acidic pH. Sedimentation velocity analysis of the peptide indicated monomeric state at neutral pH (s20, w=0.55S; Mr ~3kDa) and peptide association (s20, w=1.735S; Mr=~14kDa) at acidic pH, with sedimentation equilibrium fitting to a Monomer-Nmer-Mmer model with N=6 and M=4 (Mr=14,692Da). We propose that protein oligomerization through coiled-coil motifs could then be a general feature in the assembly of functional units in saposin-like proteins in general and in the organization of SP-B in a functional surfactant, in particular.
Biochimica et biophysica acta.Biochim Biophys Acta.2014 Apr 1. pii: S0005-2736(14)00110-2. doi: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2014.03.016. [Epub ahead of print]
Pulmonary surfactant protein SP-B is synthesized as a larger precursor, proSP-B, which processing and coupled membrane-assembly occurs upon acidification along the pathway to lamellar bodies, the organelles where surfactant is stored in pneumocytes. It has been proposed that the N-terminal propeptid
PMID 24704177

Mucinous adenocarcinoma arising from supratentorial intramedullary neuroenteric cyst with broncho-pulmonary differentiation.

Okabe H1, Katsura K, Yamano T, Tenjin H, Nakahara Y, Ishida M, Kato T.Author information 1Division of Diagnostic Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan; Department of Pathology, Japanese Red Cross Kyoto Daini Hospital, Kyoto, Japan.AbstractNeuroenteric cysts are benign intradural endoderm cysts lined by gastrointestinal (GI) or tracheobronchial epithelial cells. Their malignant transformation is extremely rare and only six cases have been reported. In these cases, tissue lineage of the cystic endoderm cells giving rise to carcinoma was not clearly identified either as respiratory or as GI type. Herein, we report a case of mucinous adenocarcinoma arising from the neuroenteric cyst with broncho-pulmonary differentiation in the right cerebral hemisphere of a Japanese woman in her late 50s. The cyst wall was entirely lined by the following respiratory epithelial components: stratified bronchial ciliated columnar epithelium with basal cells positive for CK5 and p63, terminal bronchiolar Clara cells positive for thyroid transcription factor (TTF)-1, surfactant B and negative for surfactant C, type I pneumocytes positive for TTF-1, negative for surfactant B and C, and type II pneumocytes positive for TTF-1 and surfactant B and C. In addition, nests of hyperplastic single layered mucinous epithelial cells with bronchial goblet cell phenotype were also demonstrated, and histologic features were almost the same as the pulmonary type I congenital adenomatoid malformation (CCAM) with mucinous epithelial proliferation. The mucinous epithelial nests of type I CCAM are liable to develop mucinous adenocarcinoma and frequently accompany K-ras mutation and expression of p16. However, K-ras mutation and p-16 expression were not detected in this case.
Neuropathology : official journal of the Japanese Society of Neuropathology.Neuropathology.2014 Mar 27. doi: 10.1111/neup.12118. [Epub ahead of print]
Neuroenteric cysts are benign intradural endoderm cysts lined by gastrointestinal (GI) or tracheobronchial epithelial cells. Their malignant transformation is extremely rare and only six cases have been reported. In these cases, tissue lineage of the cystic endoderm cells giving rise to carcinoma wa
PMID 24673460

Japanese Journal

歯周組織における実験的治癒過程でのTransforming growth factor-βの効果について

杉下彰男,松江美代子
日本歯周病学会会誌 38(2), 137-153, 1996-06-28
… 炎症やフィブロネクチンの所見では顕著な差は認められなかったが,全体としてはP,T_<20>,T_4群は,C群と比べると線維芽細胞様細胞の数は少なかったが,3日目のT_4群で近接した歯周組織から欠損部に向かってProliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)陽性細胞が多く認められた。 …
NAID 110004726140

頭頸部肉腫の免疫組織学的研究:特に円形細胞腫瘍を中心に

細井広道
耳鼻咽喉科展望 27(Supplement3), 279-293, 1984
… Since diagnostic difficulty is frequently experienced in malignant round cell tumors of the head and neck, the author attempted to apply recently developed immunohistochemical techniques to improve objective parameters of diagnostic accuracy.<BR>Materials consisted of four cases of rhabdomyosarcoma (embryonal and alveolar), two cases of olfactory neuroblastoma, one pigmented and two amelanotic cases of malanoma, three cases of small cell carcinoma and ten cases of malignant lymphoma. …
NAID 130003974250

胸せん形成不全のある乳児Ｐｎｅｕｍｏｃｙｓｔｉｓ　ｃａｒｉｎｉｉ肺炎の１剖検例

古田睦広,浅本仁,伊藤剛,小原安喜子,北市正則,田中郁子
医療 37(11), 1126-1130, 1983
8ヵ月女子, 剖検によつて著明なpneumocystis carinii肺炎であり, 胸腺と考えられる組織0.5gがみられたが, これを胸腺の著明な低形成, 異形成を示すものとして症例報告を行つた. この例には肝の腺腫, 甲状腺・唾液腺動脈壁にいわゆる乳児動脈石灰化症の病像を示して注目せられた. 臨床的には低ガンマグロブリン血症を示し, 好酸球増多症などがあつた. 私共は本報告例がDiGeorge …
NAID 130004313204

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