glyoxysome

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/01/28 01:34:16」(JST)

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Glyoxysomes are specialized peroxisomes found in plants (particularly in the fat storage tissues of germinating seeds) and also in filamentous fungi. As in all peroxisomes, in glyoxysomes the fatty acids are hydrolyzed to acetyl-CoA by peroxisomal β-oxidation enzymes. Besides peroxisomal functions, glyoxysomes possess additionally the key enzymes of glyoxylate cycle (isocitrate lyase and malate synthase) which accomplish the glyoxylate cycle bypass.

Thus, glyoxysomes (as all peroxisomes) contain enzymes that initiate the breakdown of fatty acids and additionally possess the enzymes to produce intermediate products for the synthesis of sugars by gluconeogenesis. The seedling uses these sugars synthesized from fats until it is mature enough to produce them by photosynthesis.

Glyoxysomes also participate in photorespiration and nitrogen metabolism in root nodules.

References

Sengbusch, Peter V. (2003) Botany online: Peroxysomes and Glyoxysomes
UniProt Knowledgebase keyword: Glyoxysome

External links

MeSH A11.284.195.190.500.585.250

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English Journal

Uric Acid accumulation in an Arabidopsis urate oxidase mutant impairs seedling establishment by blocking peroxisome maintenance.

Hauck OK1, Scharnberg J1, Escobar NM1, Wanner G2, Giavalisco P3, Witte CP4.
The Plant cell.Plant Cell.2014 Jul;26(7):3090-100. doi: 10.1105/tpc.114.124008. Epub 2014 Jul 22.
Purine nucleotides can be fully catabolized by plants to recycle nutrients. We have isolated a urate oxidase (uox) mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana that accumulates uric acid in all tissues, especially in the developing embryo. The mutant displays a reduced germination rate and is unable to establish
PMID 25052714

Computational comparison of mediated current generation capacity of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii in photosynthetic and respiratory growth modes.

Mao L1, Verwoerd WS2.
Journal of bioscience and bioengineering.J Biosci Bioeng.2014 May 26. pii: S1389-1723(14)00152-2. doi: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2014.04.021. [Epub ahead of print]
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii possesses many potential advantages to be exploited as a biocatalyst in microbial fuel cells (MFCs) for electricity generation. In the present study, we performed computational studies based on flux balance analysis (FBA) to probe the maximum potential of C. reinhardtii fo
PMID 24875305

Plant autophagy is responsible for peroxisomal transition and plays an important role in the maintenance of peroxisomal quality.

Shibata M1, Oikawa K2, Yoshimoto K3, Goto-Yamada S4, Mano S1, Yamada K1, Kondo M4, Hayashi M5, Sakamoto W6, Ohsumi Y7, Nishimura M1.
Autophagy.Autophagy.2014 May;10(5):936-7. doi: 10.4161/auto.28529. Epub 2014 Mar 26.
In photosynthetic cells, a large amount of hydrogen peroxide is produced in peroxisomes through photorespiration, which is a metabolic pathway related to photosynthesis. Hydrogen peroxide, a reactive oxygen species, oxidizes peroxisomal proteins and membrane lipids, resulting in a decrease in peroxi
PMID 24732712

Japanese Journal

Recombinant Stromal APX Detective in the Unique Loop Region Showed Improved Tolerance to Hydrogen Peroxide

KITAJIMA Sakihito,NII Haruka,KITAMURA Masahito
Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry 74(7), 1501-1503, 2010-07-23
… Here we report that the H2O2-tolerance of APX localized in the stroma of chloroplasts was improved by removing a unique 16-amino-acid-residue loop not found in H2O2-tolerant isoforms of cytosol and glyoxysome. …
NAID 10027557669