glycolipids

同

glycosphingolipids

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/07/22 20:37:00」(JST)

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Chemical structure of glycolipids

Glycolipids are lipids with a carbohydrate attached. Their role is to provide energy and also serve as markers for cellular recognition.

Metabolism

They occur where a carbohydrate chain is associated with phospholipids on the exoplasmic surface of the cell membrane. The carbohydrates are found on the outer surface of all eukaryotic cell membranes. The carbohydrate structure of the glycolipid is controlled by the glycosyltransferases that add the lipids and glycosylhydrolases that modify the glycan after addition.

They extend from the phospholipid bilayer into the aqueous environment outside the cell where it acts as a recognition site for specific chemicals as well as helping to maintain the stability of the membrane and attaching cells to one another to form tissues.

Sphingolipidoses can be associated with defects in metabolism.

Types of glycolipids

The following is an incomplete listing of glycolipid types.

This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.

• Glyceroglycolipids
  • Galactolipids
  • Sulfolipids (SQDG)
• Glycosphingolipids
  • Cerebrosides
    • Galactocerebrosides
  • Greatocerbicides
    • Glucocerebrosides
    • Sulfatides
  • Gangliosides (the most complex animal glycolipids; contain negatively charged oligosacchrides with one or more sialic acid residues; more than 200 different gangliosides have been identified; they are most abundant in nerve cells)
  • Globosides
  • Glycophosphosphingolipids (complex glycophospholipids from fungi, including yeasts, and in plants, where they were originally called "phytoglycolipids" by Herbert Carter, et al., may comprise as complicated a set of compounds as the negatively charged gangliosides in animals. The head group of a glycolipid is composed of sugars.
• Glycosylphosphatidylinositols

See also

• Sophorolipids
• Rhamnolipid
• Glycocalyx
• Glycoproteins
• Niemann Pick disease Type C

References

External links

• Glycolipids at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)

UpToDate Contents

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• 1. 肝肥大：鑑別診断および評価 hepatomegaly differential diagnosis and evaluation
• 2. ニーマン・ピック病の概要 overview of niemann pick disease
• 3. ゴーシェ病：病因、臨床症状、および診断 gaucher disease pathogenesis clinical manifestations and diagnosis
• 4. ゴーシェ病：初期評価、モニタリング、および臨床経過 gaucher disease initial assessment monitoring and clinical course
• 5. 結核の微生物学および病因 microbiology and pathogenesis of tuberculosis

English Journal

• Development of a benzophenone and alkyne functionalised trehalose probe to study trehalose dimycolate binding proteins.

• Khan AA, Kamena F, Timmer MS, Stocker BL.SourceSchool of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, New Zealand. mattie.timmer@vuw.ac.nz bstocker@malaghan.org.nz.
• Organic & biomolecular chemistry.Org Biomol Chem.2013 Feb 14;11(6):881-5. doi: 10.1039/c2ob27257a. Epub 2012 Dec 20.
• Trehalose dimycolates (TDMs) are the most abundant glycolipids found in the cell wall of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb). TDMs play an important role in the pathogenesis of M. tb yet the only known receptor for TDM is the macrophage inducible C-type lectin (mincle). To understand more about the i
• PMID 23258441

• CXCR4-Tropic, But Not CCR5-Tropic, Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection Is Inhibited by the Lipid Raft-Associated Factors, Acyclic Retinoid Analogs, and Cholera Toxin B Subunit.

• Kamiyama H, Kakoki K, Shigematsu S, Izumida M, Yashima Y, Tanaka Y, Hayashi H, Matsuyama T, Sato H, Yamamoto N, Sano T, Shidoji Y, Kubo Y.Source1 Division of Cytokine Signaling, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University , Nagasaki, Japan .
• AIDS research and human retroviruses.AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses.2013 Feb;29(2):279-88. doi: 10.1089/AID.2012.0174. Epub 2012 Aug 27.
• Abstract Development of an effective low-cost anti-acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) drugs is needed for treatment of AIDS patients in developing countries. Host cell lipid raft microdomains, which are enriched with cholesterol, glycolipids, ceramide, and gangliosides, are important for hu
• PMID 22845664

• Amycolatopsis jiangsuensis sp. nov., a novel endophytic actinomycete isolated from a coastal plant in Jiangsu, China.

• Xing K, Liu W, Zhang YJ, Bian GK, Zhang WD, Tamura T, Lee JS, Qin S, Jiang JH.SourceThe Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plant of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
• Antonie van Leeuwenhoek.Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek.2013 Feb;103(2):433-9. doi: 10.1007/s10482-012-9823-y. Epub 2012 Oct 5.
• A novel actinomycete, designated strain KLBMP 1262(T), was isolated from a coastal plant Dendranthema indicum (Linn.) Des Moul collected from the coastal region of Nantong, Jiangsu Province, in east China and was studied in detail for its taxonomic position. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rR
• PMID 23053697

Japanese Journal

• ミコール酸糖脂質の生化学と免疫学 (AYUMI 結核 : 病態解明と制御の新展開)

• 一瀬 大志,杉田 昌彦
• 医学のあゆみ 246(6・7), 479-483, 2013-08-17
• NAID 40019728572

• Structural analysis of secreted glycolipids by white-rot fungus

• Yamaguchi Daisuke
• Sustainable humanosphere : bulletin of Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere Kyoto University 8, 30-30, 2013-02-01
• NAID 120005385580

• CXCR4-Tropic, But Not CCR5-Tropic, Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection Is Inhibited by the Lipid Raft-Associated Factors, Acyclic Retinoid Analogs, and Cholera Toxin B Subunit

• Kamiyama Haruka,Kakoki Katsura,Shigematsu Sayuri,Izumida Mai,Yashima Yuka,Tanaka Yuetsu,Hayashi Hideki,Matsuyama Toshifumi,Sato Hironori,Yamamoto Naoki,Sano Tetsuro,Shidoji Yoshihiro,Kubo Yoshinao
• AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses 29(2), 279-288, 2013-01-21
• … Host cell lipid raft microdomains, which are enriched with cholesterol, glycolipids, ceramide, and gangliosides, are important for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) entry. …
• NAID 120005230843

Related Links

• Glycolipid | definition of glycolipid by Medical dictionary

glycolipid [gli″ko-lip´id] a lipid containing carbohydrate groups, usually galactose but also glucose, inositol, or others; the glycolipids include the cerebrosides. gly·co·lip·id (glī'kō-lip'id), A lipid with one or more covalently attached ...

• GLYCOLIPIDS - NUTRIOLOGY

GLYCOLIPIDS, current research, E-books, books, software, CD-ROM publications, research papers, publishers of literary, reference, and academic books. -Click to read more ... Introduction to glycolipids and their metabolism in the ...

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