glycine transporter 2

• グリシン輸送体2、グリシントランスポーター2

関

glycine plasma membrane transport protein、glycine transporter、glycine transporter 1、GlyT2

WordNet

1. move something or somebody around; usually over long distances
2. an exchange of molecules (and their kinetic energy and momentum) across the boundary between adjacent layers of a fluid or across cell membranes
3. move while supporting, either in a vehicle or in ones hands or on ones body; "You must carry your camping gear"; "carry the suitcases to the car"; "This train is carrying nuclear waste"; "These pipes carry waste water into the river" (同)carry
4. transport commercially (同)send, ship
5. a long truck for carrying motor vehicles (同)car transporter
6. a crane for moving material with dispatch as in loading and unloading ships
7. the simplest amino acid found in proteins and the principal amino acid in sugar cane
8. genus of Asiatic erect or sprawling herbs: soya bean (同)genus Glycine

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. (ある場所からある場所へ)…‘を'『輸送する』,運搬する《+名+from+名+to+名》 / 《文》《受動態で》(…で)…‘を'夢中にする,有頂天にする《+名+with+名》 / 〈罪人〉‘を'流刑にする / 〈U〉輸送,運送,輸送(交通)機関(transportation) / 〈C〉(軍隊や軍需品を運ぶ)輸送船,輸送機
2. 自動車運搬用大型トラック

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/04/30 13:02:24」(JST)

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[Wiki en表示]

Solute carrier family 6 (neurotransmitter transporter, glycine), member 5
Identifiers
Symbols	SLC6A5; GLYT-2; GLYT2; HKPX3; NET1
External IDs	OMIM: 604159 MGI: 105090 HomoloGene: 37901 ChEMBL: 3060 GeneCards: SLC6A5 Gene
Gene Ontology Molecular function • neurotransmitter:sodium symporter activity • glycine:sodium symporter activity Cellular component • plasma membrane • integral to membrane Biological process • transport • synaptic transmission • transmembrane transport Sources: Amigo / QuickGO
RNA expression pattern
More reference expression data
Orthologs
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	9152	104245
Ensembl	ENSG00000165970	ENSMUSG00000039728
UniProt	Q9Y345	Q761V0
RefSeq (mRNA)	NM_004211	NM_001146013
RefSeq (protein)	NP_004202	NP_001139485
Location (UCSC)	Chr 11: 20.62 – 20.68 Mb	Chr 7: 49.91 – 49.96 Mb
PubMed search	[1]	[2]

Glycine transporter 2 (GlyT2) also known as the sodium- and chloride-dependent glycine transporter 2 or solute carrier family 6 member 5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SLC6A5 gene.

The glycine transporter 2 is a membrane protein which recaptures glycine, a major inhibitory transmitter in the spinal cord and brainstem. GlyT2 is a specific marker of glycinergic neurons and a member of the Na⁺ and Cl^--coupled transporter family SLC6. Glycine uptake mediated by GlyT2 is electrogenic, coupled to three Na⁺ and one Cl^- (i.e. two positive charges per glycine). In humans, GlyT2 is encoded by the SLC6A5 gene. Inactivation of GlyT2 in knockout mice is lethal during the second post-natal week as the absence of GlyT2 disrupts inhibitory transmission by reducing glycine release. Mutations in SLC6A5 gene are responsible for a presynaptic form of hyperekplexia, a genetic disease causing increased startle reflex. GlyT2 main physiological role is to recapture glycine released in the synaptic cleft and to maintain high glycine concentration in the presynaptic neuron. Therefore chronic inhibition of GlyT2 will deplete intracellular storage of glycine and limit its accumulation in synaptic vesicles.

See also

• Sodium:neurotransmitter symporter
• Solute carrier family

References

Further reading

• López-Corcuera B, Aragón C, Geerlings A (2002). "Regulation of glycine transporters.". Biochem. Soc. Trans. 29 (Pt 6): 742–5. doi:10.1042/BST0290742. PMID 11709067. 
• Gallagher MJ, Burgess LH, Brunden KR (1999). "Characterization of multiple forms of the human glycine transporter type-2.". Brain Res. Mol. Brain Res. 70 (1): 101–15. doi:10.1016/S0169-328X(99)00135-7. PMID 10381548. 
• Evans J, Herdon H, Cairns W, et al. (2000). "Cloning, functional characterisation and population analysis of a variant form of the human glycine type 2 transporter.". FEBS Lett. 463 (3): 301–6. doi:10.1016/S0014-5793(99)01636-1. PMID 10606742. 
• Martínez-Maza R, Poyatos I, López-Corcuera B, et al. (2001). "The role of N-glycosylation in transport to the plasma membrane and sorting of the neuronal glycine transporter GLYT2.". J. Biol. Chem. 276 (3): 2168–73. doi:10.1074/jbc.M006774200. PMID 11036075. 
• Geerlings A, Núñez E, Rodenstein L, et al. (2002). "Glycine transporter isoforms show differential subcellular localization in PC12 cells.". J. Neurochem. 82 (1): 58–65. doi:10.1046/j.1471-4159.2002.00930.x. PMID 12091465. 
• Baliova M, Betz H, Jursky F (2004). "Calpain-mediated proteolytic cleavage of the neuronal glycine transporter, GlyT2.". J. Neurochem. 88 (1): 227–32. PMID 14675166. 
• Jamra RA, Villela AW, Klein K, et al. (2006). "No association between genetic variants at the GLYT2 gene and bipolar affective disorder and schizophrenia.". Psychiatr. Genet. 16 (3): 91. doi:10.1097/01.ypg.0000199450.07786.ab. PMID 16691125. 
• Rees MI, Harvey K, Pearce BR, et al. (2006). "Mutations in the gene encoding GlyT2 (SLC6A5) define a presynaptic component of human startle disease.". Nat. Genet. 38 (7): 801–6. doi:10.1038/ng1814. PMID 16751771. 
• Roux M, Supplisson. (2000). "Neuronal and glial glycine transporters have different stoichiometries.". Neuron 25 (2): 373–83. doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(00)80901-0. PMID 10719892. 
• Aubrey K, Rossi FM, “et al.. (2007). "The transporters GlyT2 and VIAAT cooperate to determine the vesicular glycinergic phenotype.". Neuron 27 (23): 6273–81. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1024-07.2007. PMID 17554001. 
• Rousseau F, Aubrey KR, Supplisson S. (2008). "The glycine transporter GlyT2 controls the dynamics of synaptic vesicle refilling in inhibitory spinal cord neurons..". J. Neurosci 28 (39): 9755–68. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0509-08.2008. PMID 18815261. 
• Eulenburg V, Becker K, Gomeza J, et al. (2006). "Mutations within the human GLYT2 (SLC6A5) gene associated with hyperekplexia.". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 348 (2): 400–5. doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.07.080. PMID 16884688. 

UpToDate Contents

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• 1. 小児における運動過多な運動障害 hyperkinetic movement disorders in children
• 2. 新生児における筋緊張低下を引き起こす末梢神経および筋肉の障害に関する概要 overview of peripheral nerve and muscle disorders causing hypotonia in the newborn
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• 5. シスプラチン腎障害 cisplatin nephrotoxicity

English Journal

• Identification of initially appearing glycine-immunoreactive neurons in the embryonic zebrafish brain.

• Moly PK1, Ikenaga T, Kamihagi C, Tariqul Islam AF, Hatta K.Author information 1Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyogo, 3-2-1 Kouto, Kamigori, Ako-gun, Hyogo, 678-1297, Japan.AbstractGlycine is a major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system of vertebrates. Here, we report the initial development of glycine-immunoreactive (Gly-ir) neurons and fibers in zebrafish. The earliest Gly-ir cells were found in the hindbrain and rostral spinal cord by 20 h post-fertilization (hpf). Gly-ir cells in rhombomeres 5 and 6 that also expressed glycine transporter 2 (glyt2) mRNA were highly stereotyped; they were bilaterally located and their axons ran across the midline and gradually turned caudally, joining the medial longitudinal fascicles in the spinal cord by 24 hpf. Gly-ir neurons in rhombomere 5 were uniquely identified, since there was one per hemisegment, whereas the number of Gly-ir neurons in rhombomere 6 were variable from one to three per hemisegment. Labeling of these neurons by single-cell electroporation and tracing them until the larval stage revealed that they became MiD2cm and MiD3cm, respectively. The retrograde labeling of reticulo-spinal neurons in Tg(glyt2:gfp) larva, which express GFP in Gly-ir cells, and a genetic mosaic analysis with glyt2:gfp DNA construct also supported this notion. Gly-ir cells were also distributed widely in the anterior brain by 27 hpf, whereas glyt2 was hardly expressed. Double staining with anti-glycine and anti-GABA antibodies demonstrated distinct distributions of Gly-ir and GABA-ir cells, as well as the presence of doubly immunoreactive cells in the brain and placodes. These results provide evidence of identifiable glycinergic (Gly-ir/glyt2-positive) neurons in vertebrate embryos, and they can be used in further studies of the neurons' development and function at the single-cell level. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol, 2014.
• Developmental neurobiology.Dev Neurobiol.2013 Dec 9. doi: 10.1002/dneu.22158. [Epub ahead of print]
• Glycine is a major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system of vertebrates. Here, we report the initial development of glycine-immunoreactive (Gly-ir) neurons and fibers in zebrafish. The earliest Gly-ir cells were found in the hindbrain and rostral spinal cord by 20 h post-fertiliz
• PMID 24318965

• ALX 1393 inhibits spontaneous network activity by inducing glycinergic tonic currents in the spinal ventral horn.

• Eckle VS1, Antkowiak B.Author information 1Section of Experimental Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Eberhard-Karls-University, Waldhörnlestr. 22, D-72072 Tübingen, Germany. Electronic address: veit-simon.eckle@uni-tuebingen.de.AbstractBACKGROUND: Strychnine-sensitive glycine receptors are activated by glycine and facilitate chloride influx into neurons. Glycinergic transmission might be either mediated by synaptic or extrasynaptic glycine receptors. While phasic neurotransmission is provided by a synaptic pathway, activation of extrasynaptic glycine receptors induces tonic inhibition. The glycine transporter 2 (GlyT2) regulates the uptake of glycine into presynaptic boutons. It is not determined yet, whether inhibition of GlyT2 by ALX 1393 can produce inhibition of spinal motoric networks and, whether phasic or tonic glycinergic inhibition is mostly enhanced.
• Neuroscience.Neuroscience.2013 Dec 3;253:165-71. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.08.042. Epub 2013 Aug 29.
• BACKGROUND: Strychnine-sensitive glycine receptors are activated by glycine and facilitate chloride influx into neurons. Glycinergic transmission might be either mediated by synaptic or extrasynaptic glycine receptors. While phasic neurotransmission is provided by a synaptic pathway, activation of e
• PMID 23994185

• Reversible inhibition of the glycine transporter GlyT2 circumvents acute toxicity while preserving efficacy in the treatment of pain.

• Mingorance-Le Meur A1, Ghisdal P, Mullier B, De Ron P, Downey P, Van Der Perren C, Declercq V, Cornelis S, Famelart M, Van Asperen J, Jnoff E, Courade JP.Author information 1New Medicines, UCB, Braine-L'Alleud, Belgium.AbstractBACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Available medications for chronic pain provide only partial relief and often cause unacceptable side effects. There is therefore a need for novel molecular targets to develop new therapeutics with improved efficacy and tolerability. Despite encouraging efficacy data in rodents with inhibitors of the neuronal glycine transporter-2 (GlyT2), there are also some reports of toxicity and their development was discontinued.
• British journal of pharmacology.Br J Pharmacol.2013 Nov;170(5):1053-63. doi: 10.1111/bph.12343.
• BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Available medications for chronic pain provide only partial relief and often cause unacceptable side effects. There is therefore a need for novel molecular targets to develop new therapeutics with improved efficacy and tolerability. Despite encouraging efficacy data in rodent
• PMID 23962079

Japanese Journal

• A highly selective inhibitor of glycine transporter-1 elevates the threshold for maximal electroshock-induced tonic seizure in mice

• Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin advpub(0), 2016
• NAID 130005112654

• 統合失調症のNMDA受容体仮説と新しい治療法 (特集 WFSBP2013シンポジウム)

• 日本生物学的精神医学会誌 = Japanese journal of biological psychiatry 25(2), 109-112, 2014
• NAID 40020158172

• Immunohistochemical Localization of an Isoform of TRK-Fused Gene-Like Protein in the Rat Retina

• ACTA HISTOCHEMICA ET CYTOCHEMICA 47(2), 75-83, 2014
• NAID 130003390851

Related Links

• LSDシソーラス: グリシン輸送体 Glycine Transporter

・Glycine Transporter 2 ・Glycine-Specific Neurotransmitter Transport Protein ・Glycine-Specific Neurotransmitter Transporter ・GlyT ・GLYT Protein ・GlyT-1 ・GlyT-2 ・GlyT1 ・GlyT2 ・グリシン輸送体1 ・グリシン輸送体2 ・細胞膜グリシン ...

• Anti-Glycine Transporter 2 Antibody, neuronal | AB1773 - Millipore

Anti-Glycine Transporter 2 Antibody, neuronal detects level of Glycine Transporter 2 and has been published and validated for use in IH. ... Guinea Pig anti-Glycine Transporter 2 (Catalog Number AB1773) / Goat anti-VAChT (Catalog ...

Related Pictures

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「glycine plasma membrane transport protein」「グリシン輸送体2」「glycine transporter 1」「glycine transporter」「グリシントランスポーター2」
関連記事	「transport」「glycine transporter」「transporter」

「glycine plasma membrane transport protein」

　　[★]

• 細胞膜グリシントランスポーター、細胞膜グリシン輸送体、グリシントランスポーター、グリシン輸送体

関

glycine transporter、glycine transporter 1、glycine transporter 2

「グリシン輸送体2」

　　[★]

英

glycine transporter 2、GlyT2

関

細胞膜グリシントランスポーター、グリシントランスポーター、グリシン輸送体1、グリシントランスポーター2

「glycine transporter 1」

　　[★]

• グリシン輸送体1、グリシントランスポーター1

関

glycine plasma membrane transport protein、glycine transporter、glycine transporter 2、GlyT1

「glycine transporter」

　　[★]

• グリシントランスポーター、グリシン輸送体

関

glycine plasma membrane transport protein、glycine transporter 1、glycine transporter 2

「グリシントランスポーター2」

　　[★]

英

glycine transporter 2

関

グリシン輸送体2

「transport」

　　[★]

• n.

• 輸送、運搬

• v.

• 輸送する、運搬する、運ぶ

関

bring、carriage、carry、convey、delivery、ship、traffic、trafficking、transportation

　 　 　 　 　

「glycine transporter」

　　[★]

• グリシントランスポーター、グリシン輸送体

関

glycine plasma membrane transport protein、glycine transporter 1、glycine transporter 2

「transporter」

　　[★] トランスポーター

関

translocator、transport protein、transporter protein