WordNet

the substance that is acted upon by an enzyme or ferment
a surface on which an organism grows or is attached; "the gardener talked about the proper substrate for acid-loving plants" (同)substratum
an indigenous language that contributes features to the language of an invading people who impose their language on the indigenous population; "the Celtic languages of Britain are a substrate for English" (同)substratum
any stratum or layer lying underneath another (同)substratum

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Cyclin D1 represses gluconeogenesis via inhibition of the transcriptional coactivator PGC1α.

Bhalla K1, Liu WJ1, Thompson K1, Anders L2, Devarakonda S2, Dewi R1, Buckley S1, Hwang BJ1, Polster B3, Dorsey SG4, Sun Y5, Sicinski P6, Girnun GD7.
Diabetes.Diabetes.2014 Oct;63(10):3266-78. doi: 10.2337/db13-1283. Epub 2014 Jun 19.
Hepatic gluconeogenesis is crucial to maintain normal blood glucose during periods of nutrient deprivation. Gluconeogenesis is controlled at multiple levels by a variety of signal transduction and transcriptional pathways. However, dysregulation of these pathways leads to hyperglycemia and type 2 di
PMID 24947365

A patient with acute liver failure and extreme hypoglycaemia with lactic acidosis who was not in a coma: causes and consequences of lactate-protected hypoglycaemia.

Oldenbeuving G1, McDonald JR, Goodwin ML, Sayilir R, Reijngoud DJ, Gladden LB, Nijsten MW.
Anaesthesia and intensive care.Anaesth Intensive Care.2014 Jul;42(4):507-11.
Lactate can substitute for glucose as a metabolic substrate. We report a patient with acute liver failure who was awake despite a glucose level of 0.7 mmol/l with very high lactate level of 25 mmol/l. The hypoglycaemia+hyperlactataemia combination may be considered paradoxical since glucose is the m
PMID 24967767

Kotte O1, Volkmer B1, Radzikowski JL2, Heinemann M3.
Molecular systems biology.Mol Syst Biol.2014 Jul 1;10:736. doi: 10.15252/msb.20135022.
Fluctuations in intracellular molecule abundance can lead to distinct, coexisting phenotypes in isogenic populations. Although metabolism continuously adapts to unpredictable environmental changes, and although bistability was found in certain substrate-uptake pathways, central carbon metabolism is
PMID 24987115

Effect of nutritional substrate on sulfolipids metabolic turnover in isolated renal tubules from rat

Influence of High Carbohydrate Low Protein Diet on Growth, Apparent Digestibility and Hepatopancreatic Enzyme Activities in Fingerlings of Red Sea Bream Pagrus major

Aldosterone Stimulates Gene Expression of Hepatic Gluconeogenic Enzymes through the Glucocorticoid Receptor in a Manner Independent of the Protein Kinase B Cascade