グリア細胞由来神経栄養因子

関: GDNF

WordNet

mark with lines; "sorrow had lined his face"
a length (straight or curved) without breadth or thickness; the trace of a moving point
a single frequency (or very narrow band) of radiation in a spectrum
reinforce with fabric; "lined books are more enduring"
a particular kind of product or merchandise; "a nice line of shoes" (同)product line, line of products, line of merchandise, business line, line of business
the road consisting of railroad track and roadbed (同)railway line, rail line
a commercial organization serving as a common carrier
acting in conformity; "in line with"; "he got out of line"; "toe the line"
something (as a cord or rope) that is long and thin and flexible; "a washing line"
a conceptual separation or distinction; "there is a narrow line between sanity and insanity" (同)dividing_line, demarcation, contrast
a formation of people or things one behind another; "the line stretched clear around the corner"; "you must wait in a long line at the checkout counter"
a formation of people or things one beside another; "the line of soldiers advanced with their bayonets fixed"; "they were arrayed in line of battle"; "the cast stood in line for the curtain call"
a fortified position (especially one marking the most forward position of troops); "they attacked the enemys line"
a mark that is long relative to its width; "He drew a line on the chart"
a spatial location defined by a real or imaginary unidimensional extent
in games or sports; a mark indicating positions or bounds of the playing area
persuasive but insincere talk that is usually intended to deceive or impress; "`let me show you my etchings is a rather worn line"; "he has a smooth line but I didnt fall for it"; "that salesman must have practiced his fast line of talk"
text consisting of a row of words written across a page or computer screen; "the letter consisted of three short lines"; "there are six lines in every stanza"
be in line with; form a line along; "trees line the riverbank" (同)run along
cover the interior of; "line the gloves"; "line a chimney"
fill plentifully; "line ones pockets"
be a contributing factor; "make things factor into a companys profitability"
any of the numbers (or symbols) that form a product when multiplied together
an independent variable in statistics
anything that contributes causally to a result; "a number of factors determined the outcome"
consider as relevant when making a decision; "You must factor in the recent developments" (同)factor in, factor out
resolve into factors; "a quantum computer can factor the number 15" (同)factor in, factor out
small room in which a monk or nun lives (同)cubicle
a device that delivers an electric current as the result of a chemical reaction (同)electric cell
a room where a prisoner is kept (同)jail cell, prison cell
(biology) the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms; they may exist as independent units of life (as in monads) or may form colonies or tissues as in higher plants and animals
any small compartment; "the cells of a honeycomb"
a small unit serving as part of or as the nucleus of a larger political movement (同)cadre
an event known to have happened or something known to have existed; "your fears have no basis in fact"; "how much of the story is fact and how much fiction is hard to tell"
a concept whose truth can be proved; "scientific hypotheses are not facts"
a piece of information about circumstances that exist or events that have occurred; "first you must collect all the facts of the case"
a statement or assertion of verified information about something that is the case or has happened; "he supported his argument with an impressive array of facts"

PrepTutorEJDIC

『線』,筋,けい / (色・縫い目などの)『線』,しま;(顔・手などの)しわ(wrinkle) / (物・人の)『列』,行列(row) / 『綱』,糸,針金 / 電線,電話線,電信線 / (文章の)『行』;(詩の)『行』 / 《しばしばa~》《話》『短い手紙』(note) / 《複数形で》輪郭,外形(outline) / 境界線(boundary);限界,限度(limit) / (鉄道・バスなどの)路線;航路,空路 / 《複数形で》せりふ / 進路,道順(course);(考えなどの)筋道,方針 / 《しばしばone's~》(活動の)分野,方面;特意 / 家系,血統,血筋 / 在庫商品,仕入れ品 / 導管,パイプライン / 《しばしば複数形で》戦線,防御線 / …‘に'『線を引く』,筋(しま,しわ)をつける / …‘に'『沿って並ぶ;』(…を)…‘に'沿って並べる《+『名』+『with』+『名』》
(材料で)〈着物など〉‘に'裏を付ける《+『名』『with』+『名』》 / (…で)…‘を'満たす,(…を)…‘に'詰め込む《+『名』+『with』+『名』》
(…の)『要因』,(…を生み出す)要素《+『in』+『名』(do『ing』)》 / 囲数,約数 / 代理人,《おもに英》仲買人 / =factorize
(刑務所の)『独房』;(修道院の)小さい独居室 / (ミツバチの)みつ房,巣穴 / 小さい部屋 / 『細胞』 / 電池 / 花粉室 / (共産党などの)細胞
〈C〉『事実』,実際にある(あった)事 / 〈U〉真相,真実(truth) / 《the~》(法律用語で)犯行

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/06/20 22:39:07」(JST)

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

Glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor, also known as GDNF is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the GDNF gene.^[1] GDNF is a small protein that potently promotes the survival of many types of neurons.^[2]

Function[edit]

This gene encodes a highly conserved neurotrophic factor. The recombinant form of this protein was shown to promote the survival and differentiation of dopaminergic neurons in culture, and was able to prevent apoptosis of motor neurons induced by axotomy. The encoded protein is processed to a mature secreted form that exists as a homodimer. The mature form of the protein is a ligand for the product of the RET (rearranged during transfection) protooncogene. In addition to the transcript encoding GDNF, two additional alternative transcripts encoding distinct proteins, referred to as astrocyte-derived trophic factors, have also been described. Mutations in this gene may be associated with Hirschsprung's disease.^[2]

The most prominent feature of GDNF is its ability to support the survival of dopaminergic and motorneurons.

These neuronal populations die in the course of Parkinson's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). GDNF also regulates kidney development and spermatogenesis, and it affects alcohol consumption.^[3]

GDNF family of ligands (GFL)[edit]

GDNF was discovered in 1991,^[4] and is the first member of the GDNF family of ligands (GFL) found.

Interactions[edit]

Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor has been shown to interact with GFRA2^[5]^[6] and GDNF family receptor alpha 1.^[5]^[6]

Potential as therapeutics[edit]

GDNF has regenerative properties for brain cells and showed potential as treatment for Parkinson's disease - monkeys with an induced form of Parkinson's disease showed less trembling when treated with the drug, and neuronal fibres grew in part of the human brain exposed to the drug.^[4] However progress to a treatment is hampered by the problem of delivering the drug to brain cells through the blood-brain barrier in human.^[4]

References[edit]

^ Lin LF, Doherty DH, Lile JD, Bektesh S, Collins F (May 1993). "GDNF: a glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor for midbrain dopaminergic neurons". Science 260 (5111): 1130–2. doi:10.1126/science.8493557. PMID 8493557.
^ ^a ^b "Entrez Gene: GDNF glial cell derived neurotrophic factor".
^ Carnicella S, Kharazia V, Jeanblanc J, Janak PH, Ron D (June 2008). "GDNF is a fast-acting potent inhibitor of alcohol consumption and relapse". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 105 (23): 8114–9. doi:10.1073/pnas.0711755105. PMC 2423415. PMID 18541917.
^ ^a ^b ^c Brian Vastag (2010). "Biotechnology: Crossing the barrier". Nature 466 (7309): 916–8. doi:10.1038/466916a. PMID 20725015.
^ ^a ^b Jing, S; Yu Y, Fang M, Hu Z, Holst P L, Boone T, Delaney J, Schultz H, Zhou R, Fox G M (December 1997). "GFRalpha-2 and GFRalpha-3 are two new receptors for ligands of the GDNF family". J. Biol. Chem. (UNITED STATES) 272 (52): 33111–7. doi:10.1074/jbc.272.52.33111. ISSN 0021-9258. PMID 9407096.
^ ^a ^b Cik, M; Masure S, Lesage A S, Van Der Linden I, Van Gompel P, Pangalos M N, Gordon R D, Leysen J E (September 2000). "Binding of GDNF and neurturin to human GDNF family receptor alpha 1 and 2. Influence of cRET and cooperative interactions". J. Biol. Chem. (UNITED STATES) 275 (36): 27505–12. doi:10.1074/jbc.M000306200. ISSN 0021-9258. PMID 10829012.

External links[edit]

Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)

UpToDate Contents

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1. パーキンソン病の外科治療 surgical treatment of parkinson disease
2. 筋萎縮性側索硬化症の病態修飾療法 disease modifying treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
3. 多発性内分泌腫瘍2型の分類および遺伝学 classification and genetics of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2
4. 先天性巨大結腸症（ヒルシュスプルング病） congenital aganglionic megacolon hirschsprung disease
5. ハンチントン病：管理 huntington disease management

English Journal

The reduction in immunogenicity of neurotrophin overexpressing stem cells after intra-striatal transplantation by encapsulation in an in situ gelling collagen hydrogel.

Hoban DB, Newland B, Moloney TC, Howard L, Pandit A, Dowd E.SourcePharmacology & Therapeutics, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland; NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.
Biomaterials.Biomaterials.2013 Dec;34(37):9420-9. doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.08.073. Epub 2013 Sep 17.
Delivery of neurotrophic factors to the brain via genetically modified bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) offers a promising neuroprotective strategy for neurodegenerative diseases. However, MSCs delivered to the CNS typically show poor survival post-transplantation, which is accompan
PMID 24054846

Neuroprotective effects of NGF, BDNF, NT-3 and GDNF on axotomized extraocular motoneurons in neonatal rats.

Morcuende S, Muñoz-Hernández R, Benítez-Temiño B, Pastor AM, de la Cruz RR.SourceDepartamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain.
Neuroscience.Neuroscience.2013 Oct 10;250:31-48. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.06.050. Epub 2013 Jul 2.
Neurotrophic factors delivered from target muscles are essential for motoneuronal survival, mainly during development and early postnatal maturation. It has been shown that the disconnection between motoneurons and their innervated muscle by means of axotomy produces a vast neuronal death in neonata
PMID 23827308

Structural studies of GDNF family ligands with their receptors-Insights into ligand recognition and activation of receptor tyrosine kinase RET.

Wang X.SourceCenter for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Science, Medical Science Building C226, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China. Electronic address: xinquanwang@mail.tsinghua.edu.cn.
Biochimica et biophysica acta.Biochim Biophys Acta.2013 Oct;1834(10):2205-12. doi: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2012.10.008. Epub 2012 Oct 17.
RET is the receptor for glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor family of ligands (GFLs). It is different from most other members in the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) family with the requirement of a co-receptor, GFRα, for ligand recognition and activation. Through the common signal transducer
PMID 23085183

Japanese Journal

Prolonged administration of proguanil induces reproductive toxicity in male rats

STEPHEN Akinsomisoye Olumide,YINUSA Raji
Journal of toxicological sciences 36(5), 587-599, 2011-10-01
… Sertoli cells obtained from sixteen to eighteen day-old-rats were cultured and treated with 0.3 μM to 10 μM of proguanil for 5 days after which Sertoli cell viability and nuclei integrity were determined. … Also, the genetic expressions of transferrin and Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (G.D.N.F.) were assessed. …
NAID 10029481335

新生児低酸素性虚血性脳症に対するグリア細胞由来神経栄養因子による治療戦略

桂木真司,池田智明,池ノ上克
脳と発達 43(4), 265-272, 2011-07-01
NAID 10029386845

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「グリア細胞由来神経栄養因子」
拡張検索	「glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor receptor」
関連記事	「LINE」「line」「derive」「fact」「factor」

「グリア細胞由来神経栄養因子」

Glial cell derived neurotrophic factor
	; GDNF structure
Available structures
PDB	Ortholog search: PDBe, RCSB
List of PDB id codes
	2V5E, 3FUB
Identifiers
Symbols	GDNF; ATF1; ATF2; HFB1-GDNF; HSCR3
External IDs	OMIM: 600837 MGI: 107430 HomoloGene: 433 GeneCards: GDNF Gene
Gene Ontology
Molecular function	• receptor binding; • growth factor activity; • protein homodimerization activity;
Cellular component	• extracellular region;
Biological process	• metanephros development; • branching involved in ureteric bud morphogenesis; • neural crest cell migration; • organ induction; • postsynaptic membrane organization; • mesenchymal to epithelial transition involved in metanephros morphogenesis; • signal transduction; • nervous system development; • axon guidance; • adult locomotory behavior; • postganglionic parasympathetic nervous system development; • peristalsis; • neuron projection development; • positive regulation of monooxygenase activity; • positive regulation of dopamine secretion; • negative regulation of apoptotic process; • negative regulation of neuron apoptotic process; • positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter; • mRNA stabilization; • enteric nervous system development; • sympathetic nervous system development; • regulation of dopamine uptake involved in synaptic transmission; • ureteric bud formation; • regulation of morphogenesis of a branching structure; • positive regulation of ureteric bud formation; • positive regulation of mesenchymal to epithelial transition involved in metanephros morphogenesis; • positive regulation of branching involved in ureteric bud morphogenesis; • negative regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in absence of ligand;
	Sources: Amigo / QuickGO
RNA expression pattern
	More reference expression data
Orthologs
	This box: view; talk; edit;

　　[★]

英: glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor、GDNF

「glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor receptor」

　　[★]

グリア細胞由来神経栄養因子受容体、グリア細胞由来神経栄養因子レセプター

関: GDNF receptor

「LINE」

　　[★]

日: 長い散在反復配列、長散在型反復配列、長い散在性反復配列、ライン、広範囲散在反復配列
英: long interspersed nuclear element, long interspersed nucleotide element, long interspersed element, long interspersed repetitive elements, LINEs, long interspersed repeat sequences
関: レトロトランスポゾン

quoted from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long_interspersed_nucleotide_elements#LINEs

Long interspersed nuclear elements[8] are a group of genetic elements that are found in large numbers in eukaryotic genomes. They are transcribed (or are the evolutionary remains of what was once transcribed) to an RNA using an RNA polymerase II promoter that resides inside the LINE. LINEs code for the enzyme reverse transcriptase, and many LINEs also code for an endonuclease (e.g. RNase H). The reverse transcriptase has a higher specificity for the LINE RNA than other RNA, and makes a DNA copy of the RNA that can be integrated into the genome at a new site.

The 5' UTR contains the promoter sequence, while the 3' UTR contains a polyadenylation signal (AATAAA) and a poly-A tail.[10] Because LINEs move by copying themselves (instead of moving, like transposons do), they enlarge the genome. The human genome, for example, contains about 20,000-40,000 LINEs, which is roughly 21% of the genome.