WordNet

soft decayed area in a tooth; progressive decay can lead to the death of a tooth (同)caries, dental_caries, tooth decay
space that is surrounded by something (同)enclosed space
(anatomy) a natural hollow or sinus within the body (同)bodily cavity, cavum

PrepTutorEJDIC

へこみ,くぼみ,空洞 / 虫歯の穴 / (人体内の)腔(こう)

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/05/08 10:05:48」(JST)

wiki en

The glenoid cavity (or glenoid fossa of scapula from Greek: gléne, "socket") is a part of the shoulder. It is a shallow pyriform, articular surface, which is located on the lateral angle of the scapula. It is directed laterally and forward and articulates with the head of the humerus; it is broader below than above and its vertical diameter is the longest.

This cavity forms the glenohumeral joint along with the humerus. This type of joint is classified as a synovial, ball and socket joint. The humerus is held in place within the glenoid cavity by means of the long head of the bicep tendon. This tendon originates on the superior margin of the glenoid cavity and loops over the shoulder bracing humerus against the cavity. The rotator cuff also reinforces this joint more specifically with the supraspinatus tendon to hold the head of the humerus in the glenoid cavity.

The cavity surface is covered with cartilage in the fresh state; and its margins, slightly raised, give attachment to a fibrocartilaginous structure, the glenoid labrum, which deepens the cavity. This cartilage is very susceptible to tearing. When torn, it is most commonly known as a SLAP lesion which is generally caused by repetitive shoulder movements.

Compared to the acetabulum (hip-joint) the glenoid cavity is relatively shallow. This makes the shoulder joint prone to luxation. Strong ligaments and muscles prevents luxation in most cases.

By being so shallow the glenoid cavity allows the glenohumeral joint to have the greatest mobility of all joints in the body, allowing 120 degrees of unassisted flexion. This is also accomplished by the great mobility of the scapula (shoulder blade).

The Glenoid Cavity is also the point of origin for the muscle: Triceps Brachii.

Evolution

Interpretations of the fossil remains of Australopithecus africanus (STS 7) and A. afarensis (AL 288-1; a.k.a. Lucy) suggest that the glenoid fossa was oriented more cranially in these species than in modern humans. This reflects the importance of overhead limb postures and suggests a retention of arboreal adaptations in these hominoid primates, whereas the lateral orientation of the glenoid in modern humans reflects the typical lowered position of the arm. ^[1]

In dinosaurs

In dinosaurs the main bones of the pectoral girdle were the scapula (shoulder blade) and the coracoid, both of which directly articulated with the clavicle. The place on the scapula where it articulated with the humerus (upper bone of the forelimb) is called the glenoid. The glenoid is important because it defines the range of motion of the humerus.^[2]

Additional images

Left scapula. Glenoid cavity shown in red.
Animation. Glenoid cavity shown in red.
Same as the left. Humerus have been removed.
Glenoid fossa of right side.
Left scapula. Lateral view.
Left scapula. Lateral view. Glenoid cavity shown in red.
Anterior view of left Scapula showing Glenoid cavity "2"
Glenoid cavity of glenohumeral joint
Animation of glenohumeral joint. The muscles shown are subscapularis muscle (at right), infraspinatus muscle (at top left), teres minor muscle (at bottom left).
Animation of glenohumeral joint. The muscle shown is supraspinatus muscle.

Notes

^ Larson 2009, p. 65
^ Martin, A.J. (2006). Introduction to the Study of Dinosaurs. Second Edition. Oxford, Blackwell Publishing. pg. 299-300. ISBN 1–4051–3413–5.

This article incorporates text from a public domain edition of Gray's Anatomy.

References

Larson, Susan G. (2009). "Evolution of the Hominin Shoulder: Early Homo". In Grine, Frederick E.; Fleagle, John G.; Leakey, Richard E. The First Humans – Origin and Early Evolution of the Genus Homo. Springer. doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-9980-9. ISBN 978-1-4020-9979-3.
ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY: THE UNITY OF FORM AND FUNCTION, SIXTH EDITION Published by McGraw-Hill Written by Kenneth Saladin
http://www.ucsfhealth.org/conditions/glenoid_labrum_tear/index.html

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Glenoid cavity.

Diagram at cerrocoso.edu
SUNY Figs 03:02-07
Glenoid+fossa at eMedicine Dictionary
Mechanics of Glenohumeral Instability at University of Washington Department of Orthopaedics

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

1. 小児および思春期における急性肩痛および傷害の外傷性原因 traumatic causes of acute shoulder pain and injury in children and adolescents
2. 肩痛の放射線評価 radiologic evaluation of the painful shoulder
3. 下顎、口、口腔、および咽頭の先天異常 congenital anomalies of the jaw mouth oral cavity and pharynx
4. 局所進行性（ステージIIIおよびIV）の頭頸部癌の治療：口腔 treatment of locoregionally advanced stage iii and iv head and neck cancer the oral cavity
5. 鼻腔の腫瘍 tumors of the nasal cavity

English Journal

Traumatic Shoulder Dislocation Among Adolescents: Hill-Sachs Lesion Volume and Recurrent Instability.

Kinsella SD1, Chauvin NA, Diaz T, Morey JM, Wells L.
Journal of pediatric orthopedics.J Pediatr Orthop.2015 Jul-Aug;35(5):455-61. doi: 10.1097/BPO.0000000000000322.
BACKGROUND: Accurate assessment of Hill-Sachs lesions (HSLs) and their relationship to the glenoid track is essential to optimizing management following traumatic shoulder dislocation. The purpose of this study was to measure the size of HSLs by a novel method with magnetic resonance (MR) arthrograp
PMID 25264552

Conservative treatment preferences and the plausible mechanism of Neer's stage 1 of shoulder impingement in younger people.

Keramat Ullah Keramat.
JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association.J Pak Med Assoc.2015 May;65(5):542-7.
The interaction of various factors in the vicious cycle (VC) of subacromial impingement syndrome (SIS) is complex and there are conservative treatment preferences for speedy rehabilitation. The mechanism of SIS is not fully understood and the inappropriate treatment priorities cause delay in rehabil
PMID 26028390

Comparing trapezius muscle activity in the different planes of shoulder elevation.

Ishigaki T1, Ishida T2, Samukawa M3, Saito H3, Hirokawa M4, Ezawa Y5, Sugawara M5, Tohyama H3, Yamanaka M3.
Journal of physical therapy science.J Phys Ther Sci.2015 May;27(5):1495-7. doi: 10.1589/jpts.27.1495. Epub 2015 May 26.
[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to compare the upper, middle, and lower trapezius muscles' activity in the different planes of shoulder elevation. [Subjects] Twenty male subjects volunteered for this study. [Methods] Surface electromyographic (EMG) activity for each of the three regions of t
PMID 26157248

Japanese Journal

Comparing trapezius muscle activity in the different planes of shoulder elevation

Journal of Physical Therapy Science 27(5), 1495-1497, 2015
NAID 130005072228

顎関節症患者のMR画像による閉口位と開口位の関節円板形態分析

四国歯学会雑誌 27(1), 11-25, 2014-06-30
NAID 120005832481

A Case of Acromioclavicular Joint Dislocation Associated with Coracoid Process Fracture

The Kurume Medical Journal 61(3.4), 77-79, 2014
NAID 130005112036

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「関節窩」「glenoid fossa」
関連記事	「cavity」「glenoid」

「関節窩」

Glenoid cavity
	Costal surface of left scapula. Glenoid cavity shown in red.
	Glenoid cavity shown in red. This cavity articulates with the head of the humerus.
Latin	cavitas glenoidalis, fossa glenoidalis
Gray's	p.207
	Anatomical terms of bone