WordNet

an impairment of health or a condition of abnormal functioning
caused by or altered by or manifesting disease or pathology; "diseased tonsils"; "a morbid growth"; "pathologic tissue"; "pathological bodily processes" (同)morbid, pathologic, pathological
the tissue (covered by mucous membrane) of the jaws that surrounds the bases of the teeth (同)gum
of or relating to the gums

PrepTutorEJDIC

(体の)『病気』,疾患 / (精神・道徳などの)病気,病弊
女性の話術芸人 =diseur
病気にかかった / 病的な,不健全な(morbid)

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/09/09 10:39:02」(JST)

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A gingival disease is a disorder primarily affecting the gingiva.

An example is gingivitis.

Causes

Dental plaque accumulates at the surfaces when proper cleaning and maintaining is not done. There is inflammation due to the bacteria released from the toxins. Calculus forms and if not removed, causes this disease.^[1]

References

^ "Gum Disease (Gingivitis and Periodontitis) Symptoms, Treatments, Causes". WebMD.

This article about a disease, disorder, or medical condition is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

UpToDate Contents

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1. 成人における歯肉炎および歯周炎：分類と歯科治療 gingivitis and periodontitis in adults classification and dental treatment
2. 小児における口腔軟部組織病変 soft tissue lesions of the oral cavity in children
3. 歯性感染症の疫学、病因、および臨床症状 epidemiology pathogenesis and clinical manifestations of odontogenic infections
4. 肝疾患患者における止血異常 hemostatic abnormalities in patients with liver disease
5. 小児における歯周病：関連する全身疾患 periodontal disease in children associated systemic conditions

English Journal

Biology and pathogenesis of cytomegalovirus in periodontal disease.

Contreras A, Botero JE, Slots J.AbstractHuman periodontitis is associated with a wide range of bacteria and viruses and with complex innate and adaptive immune responses. Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Treponema denticola, cytomegalovirus and other herpesviruses are major suspected pathogens of periodontitis, and a combined herpesvirus-bacterial periodontal infection can potentially explain major clinical features of the disease. Cytomegalovirus infects periodontal macrophages and T-cells and elicits a release of interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α. These proinflammatory cytokines play an important role in the host defense against the virus, but they also have the potential to induce alveolar bone resorption and loss of periodontal ligament. Gingival fibroblasts infected with cytomegalovirus also exhibit diminished collagen production and release of an increased level of matrix metalloproteinases. This article reviews innate and adaptive immunity to cytomegalovirus and suggests that immune responses towards cytomegalovirus can play roles in controlling, as well as in exacerbating, destructive periodontal disease.
Periodontology 2000.Periodontol 2000.2014 Feb;64(1):40-56. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0757.2012.00448.x.
Human periodontitis is associated with a wide range of bacteria and viruses and with complex innate and adaptive immune responses. Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Treponema denticola, cytomegalovirus and other herpesviruses are major suspected p
PMID 24320955

Exposure of Porphyromonas gingivalis to cortisol increases bacterial growth.

Akcalı A, Huck O, Buduneli N, Davideau JL, Köse T, Tenenbaum H.SourceEge University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Izmir, Turkey. Electronic address: aliyeakcali@hotmail.com.
Archives of oral biology.Arch Oral Biol.2014 Jan;59(1):30-4. doi: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2013.09.003. Epub 2013 Sep 20.
OBJECTIVE: Psychological stress is considered as a risk factor for periodontal diseases. The stress-related hormone, cortisol is one of the main molecules released during human stress response and is found in plasma and gingival crevicular fluid. This hormone has been suggested to modify composition
PMID 24200466

The influence of cellular source on periodontal regeneration using calcium phosphate coated polycaprolactone scaffold supported cell sheets.

Dan H, Vaquette C, Fisher AG, Hamlet SM, Xiao Y, Hutmacher DW, Ivanovski S.SourceSchool of Dentistry and Oral Health, Centre for Medicine and Oral Health, Griffith Health Institute, Griffith University (Gold Coast Campus), 16-30 High Street, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia; Molecular Basis of Disease Program, Griffith Health Institute, Australia; State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, Section 3, Renminnan Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.
Biomaterials.Biomaterials.2014 Jan;35(1):113-22. doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.09.074. Epub 2013 Oct 10.
Cell-based therapy is considered a promising approach to achieving predictable periodontal regeneration. In this study, the regenerative potential of cell sheets derived from different parts of the periodontium (gingival connective tissue, alveolar bone and periodontal ligament) were investigated in
PMID 24120045

Japanese Journal

Impact of the severity of chronic periodontal disease on quality of life

R. D. Z. Meusel Dayse,C. Ramacciato Juliana,H. L. Motta Rogério,B. Brito Júnior Rui,M. Flório Flávia
Journal of Oral Science 57(2), 87-94, 2015
… We examined the impact of the severity of periodontal disease on quality of life in adults with chronic periodontitis. … One hundred patients (age, 30-58 years) who were assisted at the Basic Health Care Unit in the city of Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil underwent clinical examination of all standing teeth, including gingival bleeding on probing, probing depth, and clinical attachment level, and were divided into those with mild/moderate (n = 49; …
NAID 130005076041

Effects of initial periodontal therapy on interleukin-1β level in gingival crevicular fluid and clinical periodontal parameters

Oh Hyun,Hirano Jiro,Takai Hideki,Ogata Yorimasa
Journal of Oral Science 57(2), 67-71, 2015
… We assessed the effects of initial periodontal therapy on clinical periodontal parameters and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) level in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) from chronic periodontitis (CP) patients. … These results suggest that GCF volume and IL-1β level in samples reflect disease severity and that these variables are better than PPD and BOP as markers of gingival inflammation. …
NAID 130005076037

Anti-inflammatory effects of astaxanthin in the human gingival keratinocyte line NDUSD-1

Miyachi Masashiro,Matsuno Tomonori,Asano Kazunari,Mataga Izumi
Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Nutrition 56(3), 171-178, 2015
… Oral lichen planus is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects the mucous membrane of the oral cavity and can contribute to the development of other diseases. … Inflammation in oral lichen planus is a T-cell-mediated autoimmune disease that acts through cytotoxic CD8+ T cells to trigger apoptosis of keratinocytes. …
NAID 130005068187