WordNet

having a list of ancestors as proof of being a purebred animal (同)pedigreed, pureblood, pureblooded, thoroughbred
ancestry of a purebred animal (同)bloodline
line of descent of a purebred animal
plant with trees; "this lot should be treed so that the house will be shaded in summer"
stretch (a shoe) on a shoetree (同)shoetree
a figure that branches from a single root; "genealogical tree" (同)tree diagram
a tall perennial woody plant having a main trunk and branches forming a distinct elevated crown; includes both gymnosperms and angiosperms
chase an animal up a tree; "the hunters treed the bear with dogs and killed it"; "her dog likes to tree squirrels"
English actor and theatrical producer noted for his lavish productions of Shakespeare (1853-1917) (同)Sir Herbert Beerbohm Tree
of or relating to genealogy; "genealogical records" (同)genealogical

PrepTutorEJDIC

〈C〉家系・血統;〈U〉優れた家系,名門 / 〈C〉(家の)系図;(家畜などの)血統書
(生物の)系統発生[学]
『木』,樹木;(潅木)(bush, shrub),低木に対し)喬木,高木 / (低木や草質植物でも形が高木に似ている)木; / 木製具 / 久分かれした図;系統図;(特に)家系図(family tree) / 〈動物・人〉‘を'木に通い上げる
系図の,系図上の / 家系の

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/04/26 22:42:23」(JST)

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Example of a family tree, showing three generations of the Kennedy Family

Example of a family tree

Family tree displaying an ancestor chart of Sigmund Christoph, Graf von Zeil und Trauchburg

Ahnenblatt family tree

Family tree showing the relationship of each person to the orange person, including cousins and gene share.

A family tree, or pedigree chart, is a chart representing family relationships in a conventional tree structure. The more detailed family trees used in medicine and social work are known as genograms.

Family history representations

Genealogical data can be represented in several formats, for example as a pedigree or ancestry chart. Family trees are often presented with the oldest generations at the top and the newer generations at the bottom. An ancestry chart, which is a tree showing the ancestors of an individual, will more closely resemble a tree in shape, being wider at the top than the bottom. In some ancestry charts, an individual appears on the left and his or her ancestors appear to the right. A descendancy chart, which depicts all the descendants of an individual will be narrowest at the top.

Family trees can have many themes. One might encompass all direct descendants of a single figure, or all known ancestors of a living person. Another might include all members of a particular surname (e.g. male-line descendants). Yet another approach is to construct a tree including all holders of a certain office, such as kings of Germany. This relies on dynastic marriage to hold together the links between dynasties.

The image of the tree probably originated with one in medieval art of the Tree of Jesse,^[1] used to illustrate the Genealogy of Christ in terms of a prophecy of Isaiah (Isaiah 11:1). Possibly the first non-Biblical use, and the first to show full family relationships rather than a purely patrilineal scheme, was that involving family trees of the classical gods in Boccaccio's Genealogia deorum gentilium ("On the Genealogy of the Gods of the Gentiles"), whose first version dates to 1360.^{[citation needed]}

Fan chart

One technique is a "fan chart", which features a half circle chart with concentric rings: the person of interest is the inner circle, the second circle is divided in two (each side is one parent), the third circle is divided in four, and so forth. Fan charts depict paternal and maternal ancestors.

Graph theory

While family trees are depicted as trees, family relations do not in general form a tree in the sense of graph theory, since distant relatives can mate, so a person can have a common ancestor on their mother's and father's side. However, because a parent must be born before their child is born, a person cannot be their own ancestor, and thus there are no loops, so ancestry forms a directed acyclic graph.

The graphs of matrilineal descent ("mother" relationships between women) and patrilineal descent ("father" relationships between men) are trees however.

Assuming no common ancestor, an ancestry chart is a perfect binary tree, as each person has exactly one mother and one father, for two parents; these thus have a regular structure. A descendancy chart, on the other hand, does not in general have a regular structure, as a person can have any number of children, or none at all.

Notable examples

The longest family tree in the world today is that of the Chinese philosopher and educator Confucius (551–479 BC), and he is the descendant of King Tang (1675–1646 BC). The tree spans more than 80 generations, and includes more than 2 million members. An international effort involving more than 450 branches around the world was started in 1998 to retrace and revise this family tree. A new edition of the Confucius genealogy was printed in September 2009 by the Confucius Genealogy Compilation Committee, to coincide with the 2560th anniversary of the birth of the Chinese thinker. This latest edition is expected to include some 1.3 million living members who are scattered around the world today.^[2]

Another very old and extensive tree is that of the Lurie lineage—which includes Sigmund Freud and Martin Buber—and traces back to Jehiel Lurie, a 13th-century rabbi in Brest-Litovsk, and from there to Rashi and purportedly back to the legendary King David.^{[citation needed]}

In Europe, the pedigree of Niall Noígíallach would be contender for the longest, through Conn of the Hundred Battles (fl. 123 AD).

Other uses

The author Pete Frame is notable for having produced "family trees" of rock bands. In this instance, the entries represent membership of certain groups, and personnel changes within them, rather than family relationships. Several books have been produced with his family trees,^[3] which in turn have led to a BBC television series about them, including interviews from the bands depicted in the trees.^[4]

References

^ Simon Julian Gilmour (2000) Daz Sint Noch Ungelogeniu Wort: A Literary and Linguistic Commentary on the Gurnemanz Episode in Book III of Wolfram's Parzival. Universitätsverlag Winter, 2000. p.64
^ Confucius family tree has two million members from China Daily, unknown date, updated February 16, 2008
^ "Amazon - Even More Rock Family trees". Retrieved 20 September 2012.
^ "BBC Four : Rock Family Trees". Retrieved 20 September 2012.

External links

Family Tree Templates Examples of genealogy family tree charts.

UpToDate Contents

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1. ピーナッツ　、木の実、および種子アレルギー：管理 peanut tree nut and seed allergy management
2. ピーナッツ　、木の実、および種子アレルギー：診断 peanut tree nut and seed allergy diagnosis
3. ピーナッツ　、木の実、および種子アレルギー：臨床的特徴 peanut tree nut and seed allergy clinical features
4. 小児期の食物アレルギーの自然経過 the natural history of childhood food allergy
5. 食物アレルゲン：臨床的特徴および交叉反応の概要 food allergens overview of clinical features and cross reactivity

English Journal

Genetic analysis of auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder in the Korean population.

Bae SH, Baek JI, Lee JD, Song MH, Kwon TJ, Oh SK, Jeong JY, Choi JY, Lee KY, Kim UK.SourceDepartment of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea.
Gene.Gene.2013 Jun 10;522(1):65-9. doi: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.02.057. Epub 2013 Apr 4.
Auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder (ANSD) is caused by dys-synchronous auditory neural response as a result of impairment of the functions of the auditory nerve or inner hair cells, or synapses between inner hair cells and the auditory nerve. To identify a causative gene causing ANSD in the Korea
PMID 23562982

A de novo mutation in KIT causes white spotting in a subpopulation of German Shepherd dogs.

Wong AK, Ruhe AL, Robertson KR, Loew ER, Williams DC, Neff MW.SourceVeterinary Genetics Laboratory, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA; Department of Computer Science, Princeton University, 35 Olden St, Princeton, NJ, 08540, USA.
Animal genetics.Anim Genet.2013 Jun;44(3):305-10. doi: 10.1111/age.12006. Epub 2012 Nov 8.
Although variation in the KIT gene is a common cause of white spotting among domesticated animals, KIT has not been implicated in the diverse white spotting observed in the dog. Here, we show that a loss-of-function mutation in KIT recapitulates the coat color phenotypes observed in other species. A
PMID 23134432

A novel F11 mutation in a Korean pediatric patient with recurrent epistaxis.

Kim J, Kim Y, Shin S, Lyu CJ, Choi JR, Lee KA.SourceaDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine bDepartment of Laboratory Medicine cDepartment of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
Blood coagulation & fibrinolysis : an international journal in haemostasis and thrombosis.Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis.2013 Jun;24(4):433-5. doi: 10.1097/MBC.0b013e32835bfe0c.
Congenital FXI deficiency (hemophilia C) is a rare bleeding disorder that has been documented mostly in Ashkenazi Jews. Unlike other hemophilias, bleeding tendency varies considerably among individuals, and FXI deficiency rarely manifests as spontaneous bleeding. FXI deficiency is caused primarily b
PMID 23187786

Japanese Journal

Verification of a Taxonomy of Dermatophytes Based on Mating Results and Phylogenetic Analyses

Kawasaki Masako
Medical mycology journal = / 日本医真菌学会 [編] 52(4), 291-295, 2011-10-31
… We showed that genealogical concordance phylogenetic species recognition (GCPSR) can be applied to so-called asexual Trichophyton species. The results of GCPSR analysis and mating experiments demonstrated that Arthroderma simii, A. …
NAID 10029775613

The utility of indels in population genetics : The Tpi intron for host race genealogy of Acrocercops transecta (Insecta: Lepidoptera)

Ohshima Issei,Yoshizawa Kazunori
Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 59(2), 469-476, 2011-05-00
… We investigated the utility of indel data for genealogical and population genetic analyses using the Tpi intron of the leaf mining moth Acrocercops transecta (Insecta: Lepidoptera). … Genealogical analyses revealed that indel data were less homoplasious than DNA sequence data and that indel data contained a sufficient signal to provide a high resolution tree that was highly congruent with the tree estimated from DNA sequences. …
NAID 120003005574