WordNet

a substance that retards or stops an activity
relating to or involving the stomach; "gastric ulcer" (同)stomachic, stomachal
restrictive of action; "a repressive regime"; "an overly strict and inhibiting discipline" (同)repressive, repressing
amide combining the amino group of one amino acid with the carboxyl group of another; usually obtained by partial hydrolysis of protein

PrepTutorEJDIC

抑制する人(物) / 化学反応抑制剤
胃の,胃に発生する

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/11/17 15:16:59」(JST)

wiki en

Gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP), also known as the glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide is a member of the secretin family of hormones.^[1]

GIP, along with glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), belongs to a class of molecules referred to as incretins.^[2]

Synthesis and transport[edit]

GIP is derived from a 153-amino acid proprotein encoded by the GIP gene and circulates as a biologically active 42-amino acid peptide. It is synthesized by K cells, which are found in the mucosa of the duodenum and the jejunum of the gastrointestinal tract.

Like all endocrine hormones, it is transported by blood.

Gastric inhibitory polypeptide receptors are seven-transmembrane proteins found on beta-cells in the pancreas.

Function[edit]

It has traditionally been called gastrointestinal inhibitory peptide or gastric inhibitory peptide and was believed to neutralize stomach acid^{[citation needed]} to protect the small intestine from acid damage, reduce the rate at which food is transferred through the stomach, and inhibit the GI motility and secretion of acid. However, this is incorrect, as it was discovered that these effects are achieved only with higher-than-normal physiological level, and that these results naturally occur in the body through a similar hormone, secretin.

It is now believed that the function of GIP is to induce insulin secretion, which is stimulated primarily by hyperosmolarity of glucose in the duodenum.^[3] After this discovery, some researchers prefer the new name of glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide, while retaining the acronym "GIP." The amount of insulin secreted is greater when glucose is administered orally than intravenously.^[4]

GIP is also thought to have significant effects on fatty acid metabolism through stimulation of lipoprotein lipase activity in adipocytes. GIP release has been demonstrated in the ruminant animal and may play a role in nutrient partitioning in milk production (lipid metabolism). GIP is secreted in response to the first maternal feed (colostrum) in goat kids—GIP being measured via umbilical vein before its closure. For ethical reasons, GIP secretion has been demonstrated in humans only at approx 10 days of age. With respect to the role of GIP in lipid metabolism, supraphysiological levels have shown a lipogenic action, however the action of collagenase in experimental protocols is known to degrade GIP/ GIP receptors. GIP is part of the diffuse endocrine system and, as a consequence, difficult to demonstrate physiological or clinical effects. In comparison to insulin its effects are very subtle.

GIP recently appeared as a major player in bone remodelling. Researchers at Universities of Angers and Ulster evidenced that genetic ablation of the GIP receptor in mice resulted in profound alterations of bone microarchitecture through modification of the adipokine network.^[5] Furthermore, deficiency in GIP receptors has also been associated in mice with a dramatic decrease in bone quality and a subsequent increase in fracture risk.^[6]

Pathology[edit]

It has been found that Type 2 diabetics are not responsive to GIP and have lower levels of GIP secretion after a meal when compared to non-diabetics.^[7] In research involving knockout mice, it was found that absence of the GIP receptors correlates with resistance to obesity.^[8]

References[edit]

^ Meier JJ, Nauck MA (2005). "Glucagon-like peptide 1(GLP-1) in biology and pathology". Diabetes Metab. Res. Rev. 21 (2): 91–117. doi:10.1002/dmrr.538. PMID 15759282.
^ Efendic S, Portwood N (2004). "Overview of incretin hormones". Horm. Metab. Res. 36 (11–12): 742–6. doi:10.1055/s-2004-826157. PMID 15655702.
^ Thorens B (1995). "Glucagon-like peptide-1 and control of insulin secretion". Diabète & métabolisme 21 (5): 311–8. PMID 8586147.
^ Boulpaep, [edited by] Walter F. Boron, Emile L. (2009). Medical physiology : a cellular and molecular approach (2nd ed., International ed. ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Saunders/Elsevier. ISBN 9781416031154.
^ Gaudin-Audrain C, Irwin N, Mansur S, Flatt PR, Thorens B, Basle M, Chappard D, Mabilleau G (2013). "Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor deficiency leads to modifications of trabecular bone volume and quality in mice". Bone 53 (1): 221–30. doi:10.1016/j.bone.2012.11.039. PMID 23220186.
^ Mieczkowska A, Irwin N, Flatt PR, Chappard D, Mabilleau G (2013). "Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) receptor deletion leads to reduced bone strength and quality". Bone 56 (2): 337–42. doi:10.1016/j.bone.2013.07.003. PMID 23851294.
^ Skrha J, Hilgertová J, Jarolímková M, Kunešová M, Hill M (2010). "Meal test for glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP) in obese and type 2 diabetic patients". Physiol Res 59 (5): 749–55. PMID 20406045.
^ Yamada Y, Seino Y (2004). "Physiology of GIP—a lesson from GIP receptor knockout mice". Horm. Metab. Res. 36 (11–12): 771–4. doi:10.1055/s-2004-826162. PMID 15655707.

External links[edit]

Gastric inhibitory polypeptide at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
Gastric+inhibitory+polypeptide at eMedicine Dictionary
http://web.indstate.edu/thcme/mwking/peptide-hormones.html#gastrin

UpToDate Contents

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1. 2型糖尿病治療のためのGlucagon-like peptide-1受容体拮抗剤 glucagon like peptide 1 receptor agonists for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus
2. 2型糖尿病の治療のためのジペプチジルペプチダーゼ4（DPP-4）阻害剤 dipeptidyl peptidase 4 dpp 4 inhibitors for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus
3. 胃酸分泌の生理学 physiology of gastric acid secretion
4. 糖尿病の治療のためのアミリン類似体 amylin analogs for the treatment of diabetes mellitus
5. 胃癌の危険因子 risk factors for gastric cancer

English Journal

Purification and characterization of a novel polysaccharide-peptide complex from Clinacanthus nutans Lindau leaves.

Huang D1, Li Y2, Cui F3, Chen J4, Sun J5.
Carbohydrate polymers.Carbohydr Polym.2016 Feb 10;137:701-8. doi: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.10.102. Epub 2015 Nov 19.
A novel polysaccharide-peptide complex CNP-1-2 with molecular weight of 9.17×10(4)Da was obtained from Clinacanthus nutans Lindau leaves by hot water extraction, ethanol precipitation, and purification with Superdex 200 and DEAE-Sepharose Fast Flow column chromatography. CNP-1-2 exhibited the highe
PMID 26686182

Characterization of Multisubstituted Corticotropin Releasing Factor (CRF) Peptide Antagonists (Astressins).

Erchegyi J1, Wang L2, Gulyas J1, Samant M1, Perrin MH1, Lewis K1, Miller C1, Vaughan J1, Donaldson C1, Fischer W1, Low W1, Yakabi S2, Karasawa H2, Taché Y2, Rivier C1, Rivier J1.
Journal of medicinal chemistry.J Med Chem.2016 Feb 3. [Epub ahead of print]
CRF mediates numerous stress-related endocrine, autonomic, metabolic, and behavioral responses. We present the synthesis and chemical and biological properties of astressin B analogues {cyclo(30-33)[d-Phe12,Nle21,38,CαMeLeu27,40,Glu30,Lys33]-acetyl-h/r-CRF(9-41)}. Out of 37 novel peptides, 17 (2, 4
PMID 26789203

Albiglutide: Is a better hope against diabetes mellitus?

Sharma AK1, Thanikachalam PV2, Rajput SK3.
Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomédecine & pharmacothérapie.Biomed Pharmacother.2016 Feb;77:120-8. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2015.12.015. Epub 2015 Dec 29.
Type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is the chronic metabolic disorder which provokes several pitfall signalling. Though, a series of anti-diabetic drugs are available in the market but T2DM is still a huge burden on the developed and developing countries. Numerous studies and survey predict the associat
PMID 26796275

Japanese Journal

The effect of gastric inhibitory polypeptide on intestinal glucose absorption and intestinal motility in mice.

Ogawa Eiichi,Hosokawa Masaya,Harada Norio,Yamane Shunsuke,Hamasaki Akihiro,Toyoda Kentaro,Fujimoto Shimpei,Fujita Yoshihito,Fukuda Kazuhito,Tsukiyama Katsushi,Yamada Yuichiro,Seino Yutaka,Inagaki Nobuya
Biochemical and biophysical research communications 404(1), 115-120, 2011-01-07
… Gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) is released from the small intestine upon meal ingestion and increases insulin secretion from pancreatic β cells. … In glucagon-like-peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor-deficient mice, GIP inhibited glucose absorption as in wild-type mice. … Furthermore, a somatostatin receptor antagonist, cyclosomatostatin, reduced the inhibitory effect of GIP on both intestinal transit and glucose absorption in wild-type mice. …
NAID 120002737766

症例インクレチン関連薬が奏功した症例

藤田洋平,片岡隆太郎,藤木典隆 [他]
大阪府立急性期・総合医療センター医学雑誌 34(1), 51-53, 2011-00-00
NAID 40019212240

Single Administration of α-Glucosidase Inhibitors on Endothelial Function and Incretin Secretion in Diabetic Patients With Coronary Artery Disease : Juntendo University Trial : Effects of Miglitol on Endothelial Vascular Reactivity in Type 2 Diabetic Patients With Coronary Heart Disease (J-MACH)

HIKI Makoto,SHIMADA Kazunori,KIYANAGI Takashi,FUKAO Kosuke,HIROSE Kuniaki,OHSAKA Hiromichi,FUKUSHIMA Yoshifumi,KUME Atsumi,MATSUMORI Rie,SUMIYOSHI Katsuhiko,MIYAZAKI Tetsuro,OHMURA Hirotoshi,KURATA Takeshi,MIIDA Takashi,DAIDA Hiroyuki
Circulation journal : official journal of the Japanese Circulation Society 74(7), 1471-1478, 2010-06-25
… <b><i>Methods and Results:</i></b> The post-prandial effects of a single administration of miglitol and voglibose on endothelial function and changing levels of glucose, insulin, lipids, glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1, and gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) were compared after a standard meal loading in 11 diabetic patients with CAD, using a placebo-controlled cross-over design. …
NAID 10030695946

Related Pictures

The role of exchange protein activated by cAMP 2 (EPAC2) in promoting | Download Pancreatic and Extrapancreatic Effects of Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide | Diabetes Control of the GI Tract: The roles of Gastrin, CCK, Secretin, Motilin and Gastric Chemical Ablation of Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide Receptor Action by Daily (Pro3)GIP PPT - General Intestinal Histology PowerPoint Presentation - ID:216016

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「胃抑制ペプチド」
関連記事	「inhibitor」「inhibitory」「gastric」

「胃抑制ペプチド」

Gastric inhibitory polypeptide
Identifiers
Symbol	GIP
Entrez	2695
HUGO	4270
OMIM	137240
RefSeq	NM_004123
UniProt	P09681
Other data
Locus	Chr. 17 q21.3-q22

　　[★]

英: gastric inhibitory peptide gastric inhibitory polypeptide GIP
同: 糖依存性インスリン放出ペプチド glucose-dependent insulin-releasing peptide
関: 消化管ホルモン、ホルモン

種類

分類

消化管ホルモン

性状

ポリペプチド 43aa

産生組織

十二指腸、空腸の粘膜(K細胞)

標的組織

受容体

作用

消化管内の糖・脂肪酸の存在によりインスリンの放出を刺激

GIP is sometimes called "glucose-dependent insulinotropic" peptide because it stimulates pancreatic insulin secretion in the presence of hyperglucemia.

胃酸抑制作用？(エンテロガストロン enterogastrone)　←　否定的

外分泌

↓：胃：胃酸分泌　←　上に書いてあることと違う・・・
↓：腸：腸液分泌抑制(QB CBT vol2 p.295)

内分泌

↑：膵：インスリン放出

分泌の調整

↑

脂肪酸、アミノ酸、経口グルコース投与

分子機構

臨床関連

生合成

「inhibitor」

　　[★]

n.

阻害剤、阻害薬、抑制薬、抑制剤、(内在性物質について)インヒビター、抑制物質

関: blocker、depressant、suppressant

「inhibitory」

　　[★]

抑制性の、抑制的な、阻害性の

関: inhibiting、suppressive

「gastric」

　　[★]

adj.

胃の

関: gastro、stomach、ventriculi、ventriculus

[pmid15759282-1] Meier JJ, Nauck MA (2005). "Glucagon-like peptide 1(GLP-1) in biology and pathology". Diabetes Metab. Res. Rev. 21 (2): 91–117. doi:10.1002/dmrr.538. PMID 15759282.

[pmid15655702-2] Efendic S, Portwood N (2004). "Overview of incretin hormones". Horm. Metab. Res. 36 (11–12): 742–6. doi:10.1055/s-2004-826157. PMID 15655702.

[pmid8586147-3] Thorens B (1995). "Glucagon-like peptide-1 and control of insulin secretion". Diabète & métabolisme 21 (5): 311–8. PMID 8586147.

[4] Boulpaep, [edited by] Walter F. Boron, Emile L. (2009). Medical physiology : a cellular and molecular approach (2nd ed., International ed. ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Saunders/Elsevier. ISBN 9781416031154.

[pmid23220186-5] Gaudin-Audrain C, Irwin N, Mansur S, Flatt PR, Thorens B, Basle M, Chappard D, Mabilleau G (2013). "Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor deficiency leads to modifications of trabecular bone volume and quality in mice". Bone 53 (1): 221–30. doi:10.1016/j.bone.2012.11.039. PMID 23220186.

[pmid23851294-6] Mieczkowska A, Irwin N, Flatt PR, Chappard D, Mabilleau G (2013). "Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) receptor deletion leads to reduced bone strength and quality". Bone 56 (2): 337–42. doi:10.1016/j.bone.2013.07.003. PMID 23851294.

[pmid20406045-7] Skrha J, Hilgertová J, Jarolímková M, Kunešová M, Hill M (2010). "Meal test for glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP) in obese and type 2 diabetic patients". Physiol Res 59 (5): 749–55. PMID 20406045.

[pmid15655707-8] Yamada Y, Seino Y (2004). "Physiology of GIP—a lesson from GIP receptor knockout mice". Horm. Metab. Res. 36 (11–12): 771–4. doi:10.1055/s-2004-826162. PMID 15655707.

匿名

検索

案内

案内

gastric inhibitory peptide