WordNet

an encapsulated neural structure consisting of a collection of cell bodies or neurons
of or relating to near the ear (同)auricular

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神経節・ガングリオン，結節腫《主に手首にできる良性の嚢腫(のうしゆ)》・〔知的･産業的活動の〕中心，中枢〔of〕

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/02/19 04:00:46」(JST)

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The otic ganglion is a small parasympathetic ganglion located immediately below the foramen ovale in the infratemporal fossa and on the medial surface of the mandibular nerve. It is functionally associated with the glossopharyngeal nerve and innervates the parotid gland for salivation.

It is one of four parasympathetic ganglia of the head and neck. The others are the ciliary ganglion, the submandibular ganglion and the pterygopalatine ganglion.

Structure and Relations

The otic ganglion is a small (2-3 mm), oval shaped, flattened parasympathetic ganglion of a reddish-gray color, located immediately below the foramen ovale in the infratemporal fossa and on the medial surface of the mandibular nerve.

It is in relation, laterally, with the trunk of the mandibular nerve at the point where the motor and sensory roots join; medially, with the cartilaginous part of the auditory tube , and the origin of the tensor veli palatini; posteriorly, with the middle meningeal artery. It surrounds the origin of the nerve to the medial pterygoid.

Connections

The preganglionic parasympathetic fibres originate in the inferior salivatory nucleus of the glossopharyngeal nerve. They leave the glossopharngeal nerve by its tympanic branch and then pass via the tympanic plexus and the lesser petrosal nerve to the otic ganglion. Here, the fibres synapse, and the postganglionic fibers pass by communicating branches to the auriculotemporal nerve, which conveys them to the parotid gland. They produce vasodilator and secretomotor effects.

Its sympathetic root is derived from the plexus on the middle meningeal artery. It contains post-ganglionic fibers arising in the superior cervical ganglion. The fibers pass through the ganglion without relay and reach the parotid gland via the auriculotemporal nerve. They are vasomotor in function.

The sensory root comes from the auriculotemporal nerve and is sensory to the parotid gland.

The motor fibers supplying the medial pterygoid and the tensor palati and the tensor tympani pass through the ganglion without relay.

The ganglion is connected to the chorda tympani nerve and also to the nerve of the pterygoid canal. These pathways provide an alternate pathway of taste from the anterior two thirds of the tongue. These fibers do not pass through the middle ear.

Clinical significance

Frey's syndrome in which salivation will induce perspiration at the parotid region, accompanied by erythema.

Additional images

Plan of the facial and intermediate nerves and their communication with other nerves.
Diagram of efferent sympathetic nervous system.

References

This article incorporates text in the public domain from the 20th edition of Gray's Anatomy (1918)

Shimizu T (1994). "Distribution and pathway of the cerebrovascular nerve fibers from the otic ganglion in the rat: anterograde tracing study". J. Auton. Nerv. Syst. 49 (1): 47–54. doi:10.1016/0165-1838(94)90019-1. PMID 7525688.

External links

cranialnerves at The Anatomy Lesson by Wesley Norman (Georgetown University) (V, IX)

UpToDate Contents

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English Journal

The method of isolation of the crayfish abdominal stretch receptor maintaining a connection of the sensory neuron to the ventral nerve cord ganglion.

Khaitin AM1, Rudkovskii MV, Uzdensky AB.
Invertebrate neuroscience : IN.Invert Neurosci.2015 Mar;15(1):176. doi: 10.1007/s10158-014-0176-2. Epub 2014 Nov 6.
The crayfish stretch receptor consisting of the single mechanoreceptor neurons enveloped by satellite glial cells is the simplest functioning neuroglial preparation. However, during isolation, its axons are usually transected that eliminates afferent regulation and induces complex axotomy-related si
PMID 25374161

A diffusion tensor-based finite element model of microdialysis in the deep brain.

Diczfalusy E1, Andersson M, Wårdell K.
Computer methods in biomechanics and biomedical engineering.Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin.2015 Feb;18(2):201-12. doi: 10.1080/10255842.2013.789103. Epub 2013 Apr 29.
Microdialysis of the basal ganglia was recently used to study neurotransmitter levels in relation to deep brain stimulation. In order to estimate the anatomical origin of the obtained data, the maximum tissue volume of influence (TVImax) for a microdialysis catheter was simulated using the finite el
PMID 23627319

Atypical association of semantic dementia, corticobasal syndrome, and 4R tauopathy.

Clerc MT1, Deprez M, Leuba G, Lhermitte B, Lopez U, von Gunten A.
Neurocase.Neurocase.2015 Feb;21(1):1-15. doi: 10.1080/13554794.2013.841953. Epub 2013 Oct 24.
A 57-year-old male with no family history was diagnosed with semantic dementia. He also showed some unusual cognitive features such as episodic memory and executive dysfunctions, spatial disorientation, and dyscalculia. Rapidly progressive cognitive and physical decline occurred. About 1.5 years lat
PMID 24156410

Japanese Journal

The development of the cranial nerves in the human embryos

鈴木良映
日本医科大学雑誌 26(10), 1012-1029, 1959
… facialis with ganglion geniculi.<BR>3) Chorda tympani reaches mandibular arch in the horizon XIV, but it does not unifie with N. … The ganglion submandibulare appears soon after this unification in the earlier stage of the horizon XVII<BR>4) In the developmental stage of the human embryo, in which the gangl. …
NAID 130003917085

「耳神経節」

Otic ganglion
	Mandibular division of trigeminal nerve, seen from the middle line. The small figure is an enlarged view of the otic ganglion.
	The otic ganglion and its branches.
Details
From	lesser petrosal nerve
Innervates	parotid gland
Identifiers
Latin	ganglion oticum
Dorlands; /Elsevier	g_02/12384730
TA	A14.3.02.014
FMA	6967
	Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy [edit on Wikidata]