- 関
- fumigate
WordNet
- the application of a gas or smoke to something for the purpose of disinfecting it
- treat with fumes, expose to fumes, especially with the aim of disinfecting or eradicating pests (同)fume
PrepTutorEJDIC
- (部屋などを)いぶして消毒すること
- (殺虫・殺菌のために)…‘を'いぶす,いぶしい消毒する
Wikipedia preview
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』「2017/08/03 13:08:34」(JST)
[Wiki en表示]
A residential property in Los Angeles, subject to tent fumigation or "tenting".
Fumigation of a hotel (Vila Shanti) in Bali where the smoke even reaches the hotel lobby (Feb 2010).
Fumigation is a method of pest control that completely fills an area with gaseous pesticides—or fumigants—to suffocate or poison the pests within. It is used to control pests in buildings (structural fumigation), soil, grain, and produce, and is also used during processing of goods to be imported or exported to prevent transfer of exotic organisms. This method also affects the structure itself, affecting pests that inhabit the physical structure, such as woodborers and drywood termites.[1]
Contents
- 1 Process
- 2 Tent fumigation
- 3 Chemicals
- 4 Safety
- 5 See also
- 6 Early publication
- 7 References
- 8 External links
Process
Fumigation generally involves the following phases: First the area intended to be fumigated is usually covered to create a sealed environment; next the fumigant is released into the space to be fumigated; then, the space is held for a set period while the fumigant gas percolates through the space and acts on and kills any infestation in the product, next the space is ventilated so that the poisonous gases are allowed to escape from the space, and render it safe for humans to enter. If successful, the fumigated area is now safe and pest free.
Tent fumigation
Structural fumigation techniques differ from building to building, but in houses a rubber (usually the tent is made of plastic\pvc coated canvas material) tent(s) are often placed over the entire house while the pesticides are being released into the vacant residence. This process is called tent fumigation or "tenting". The sealed tent concentrates the poisonous gases and prevents them from escaping into the neighborhood. The process can take up to a week depending on the fumigant used, which is in turn dependent on the temperature and the pest.
Chemicals
- Methyl bromide was among the most widely used fumigants until its production and use was restricted by the Montreal Protocol due to its role in ozone depletion.[2][3]
- 1,3-dichloropropene
- dazomet (methyl isothiocyanate precursor)
- chloropicrin
- DBCP (banned worldwide)
- formaldehyde
- hydrogen cyanide
- iodoform
- methyl isocyanate
- phosphine
- sulfuryl fluoride
Safety
Fumigation is a hazardous operation. Generally it is a legal requirement that the operator who carries out the fumigation operation holds official certification to perform the fumigation as the chemicals used are toxic to most forms of life, including humans.[1]
Post operation ventilation of the area is a critical safety aspect of fumigation. It is important to distinguish between the pack or source of the fumigant gas and the environment which has been fumigated. While the fumigant pack may be safe and spent, the space will still hold the fumigant gas until it has been ventilated.
See also
Early publication
- W. G. Johnson, Fumigation Methods (New York, 1902)
References
- ^ a b Baur, Fred. Insect Management for Food Storage and Processing. American Ass. of Cereal Chemists. pp. 162–165. ISBN 0-913250-38-4.
- ^ Messenger, Belinda; Braun, Adolf (2000). "Alternatives to Methyl Bromide for the Control of Soil-Borne Diseases and Pests in California" (PDF). Pest Management Analysis and Planning Program. California Department of Pesticide Regulation. Retrieved March 1, 2016.
- ^ Decanio, Stephen J.; Norman, Catherine S. (2008). "Economics of the "Critical Use" of Methyl bromide under the Montreal Protocol". Contemporary Economic Policy. 23 (3): 376–393. doi:10.1093/cep/byi028.
External links
|
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Fumigation. |
- National Pesticide Information Center
- Termite Treatments - National Pesticide Information Center
Pesticides
|
Pesticide types |
- Acaricide
- Bactericide
- Biocide
- Bioherbicide
- Biopesticide
- Fungicide
- Herbicide
- Insecticide
- Molluscicide
- Nematicide
- Piscicide
- Rodenticide
|
|
Related topics |
- Health effects
- Environmental effects
- Fumigation
- Agricultural spray adjuvant
- Biological pest control
- Gene silencing
- Green pest management
- Integrated pest management
- Maximum residue limit
- Non-pesticide management
- Persistent organic pollutant
- Pest control
- Application
- Drift
- Formulation
- Degradation
- Misuse
- Paradox of the pesticides
- Poisoning
- Research
- Residue
- Resistance
- Bee toxicity
- Restricted use
- Pesticide Action Network
- Silent Spring
- The Pesticide Question
- Toxicity Class
|
By country |
- Canada
- European Union
- New Zealand
- United States
|
- Integrated Pest Management
- Index of pesticide articles
- Pesticide categories
|
UpToDate Contents
全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.
English Journal
- Effect of sulfur dioxide fumigation on survival of foodborne pathogens on table grapes under standard storage temperature.
- Carter MQ1, Chapman MH2, Gabler F3, Brandl MT2.
- Food microbiology.Food Microbiol.2015 Aug;49:189-96. doi: 10.1016/j.fm.2015.02.002. Epub 2015 Feb 12.
- We examined the fate of Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli O157:H7, and Salmonella enterica Thompson inoculated on freshly-harvested table grapes under standard cold storage with initial and weekly sulfur dioxide (SO2) fumigation. L. monocytogenes and S. enterica Thompson were much more sens
- PMID 25846930
- Hydrogen sulfide inhibits enzymatic browning of fresh-cut lotus root slices by regulating phenolic metabolism.
- Sun Y1, Zhang W1, Zeng T1, Nie Q1, Zhang F1, Zhu L2.
- Food chemistry.Food Chem.2015 Jun 15;177:376-81. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.01.065. Epub 2015 Jan 19.
- The effect of fumigation with hydrogen sulfide (H2S) gas on inhibiting enzymatic browning of fresh-cut lotus root slices was investigated. Browning degree, changes in color, total phenol content, superoxide anion production rate (O2(-)), H2O2 content, antioxidant capacities (DPPH radical scavenging
- PMID 25660900
- Elevated ozone and nitrogen deposition affect nitrogen pools of subalpine grassland.
- Bassin S1, Käch D2, Valsangiacomo A2, Mayer J2, Oberholzer HR2, Volk M2, Fuhrer J2.
- Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987).Environ Pollut.2015 Jun;201:67-74. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2015.02.038. Epub 2015 Mar 12.
- In a free-air fumigation experiment with subalpine grassland, we studied long-term effects of elevated ozone (O3) and nitrogen (N) deposition on ecosystem N pools and on the fate of anthropogenic N. At three times during the seventh year of exposure, N pools and recovery of a stable isotope tracer (
- PMID 25771344
Japanese Journal
- ヨウ化メチルくん蒸によるナミハダニ赤色型、カンザワハダニ及びモモアカアブラムシの殺虫効果
- Photosynthetic responses of Monarch birch seedlings to differing timings of free air ozone fumigation
- Watanabe Makoto,Hoshika Yasutomo,Koike Takayoshi
- Journal of plant research 127(2), 339-345, 2014-03
- NAID 40020003979
- 重要文化財輪王寺本堂のヴァイケーンによるガス燻蒸処理について
Related Links
- 燻蒸(Fumigation) 【読み方】 くんじょう 【英 語】Fumigation 燻蒸(Fumigation)とは、梱包に使われる木材を薬剤や熱で消毒することをいう。 倉庫やコンテナに対象物(輸入青果や輸出梱包木材等)と有毒ガス(青酸ガスなど)を入れ、一定 ...
- Process [edit] Fumigation generally involves the following phases: First the area intended to be fumigated is usually covered to create a sealed environment; next the fumigant is released into the space to be fumigated; then, the space ...
Related Pictures
★リンクテーブル★
[★]
- 英
- fumigation、fumigate
- 同
- ガス殺菌
- 関
- 燻蒸消毒
[★]
- 関
- fumigation