frontal pole

同

前頭極

WordNet

1. relating to or located in the front; "the front lines"; "the front porch"
2. (meteorology) the atmospheric phenomenon created at the boundary between two different air masses
3. a sphere of activity involving effort; "the Japanese were active last week on the diplomatic front"; "they advertise on many different fronts"
4. the side that is seen or that goes first
5. the side that is forward or prominent (同)front end, forepart
6. the outward appearance of a person; "he put up a bold front"
7. the part of something that is nearest to the normal viewer; "he walked to the front of the stage"
8. confront bodily; "breast the storm" (同)breast
9. be oriented in a certain direction, often with respect to another reference point; be opposite to; "The house looks north"; "My backyard look onto the pond"; "The building faces the park" (同)look, face
10. support on poles; "pole climbing plants like beans"
11. deoxidize molten metals by stirring them with a wooden pole
12. one of the two ends of a magnet where the magnetism seems to be concentrated (同)magnetic_pole
13. a long (usually round) rod of wood or metal or plastic
14. a long fiberglass sports implement used for pole vaulting
15. one of two points of intersection of the Earths axis and the celestial sphere (同)celestial pole
16. one of two antipodal points where the Earths axis of rotation intersects the Earths surface
17. one of two divergent or mutually exclusive opinions; "they are at opposite poles"; "they are poles apart"
18. of or relating to the front of an advancing mass of air; "frontal rainfall"
19. a drapery that covers the front of an altar
20. meeting front to front; "a frontal attack"; "a head-on collision" (同)head-on
21. belonging to the front part; "a frontal appendage"
22. of or adjacent to the forehead or frontal bone; "the frontal lobes"
23. a native or inhabitant of Poland

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. 《the~》(物の)『前面』,表;(玄関を含む建物の)正面;(…の)最前部《+『of』+『名』》 / 《the~》(本などの)最初の部分 / 〈U〉《しばしばa~》(物事に対する)態度 / 〈C〉(共通目的のための)共同戦線,運動,提携 / 〈C〉(街路・川・湖に面した)土地;《英》(海岸の)遊歩道 / 〈C〉戦線 / 《話》〈C〉世間の目をそらすための人(物);(…の)隠れみの《+『for』+『名』》 / 〈C〉(気象上の)前線 / 〈C〉前部に位置する(ある)もの(ワイシャツの胸当て,前頭部など) / 『正面の』,前の;表の / (発音で)前舌音の / 〈場所が〉…‘に'面する / (…を)…‘の'正面(前面)につける《+『名』+『with』+『名』》 / 《古》〈敵・困難・危険など〉‘に'立ち向かう,直面する / (…に)面する《+『on』(『to,toward,upon』)+『名』》
2. (木製・金属性などの)『棒』,さお / 柱 / (牛車・馬車の)ながえ / ボール(長さの単位,5.03メートル;面積の単位,25.3平方メートル) / …‘を'棒で動かす(押す,突く,たたく)
3. (地球などの)『極』 / 電極;磁極;(核・細胞などの)極 / (性格・意見などの)相反対
4. 正面の,前面の
5. ポーランド人
6. 《話》政治家

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/10/27 08:32:23」(JST)

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

Poles of cerebral hemispheres
Human brain lateral view (9=Polus frontalis, 10=Polus occipitalis, 11=Polus temporalis)
Lateral surface. (Frontal pole is approximately at 10, occipital pole is approximately at 17, and temporal pole is approximately at 38.)
Details
Identifiers
Latin	polus frontalis, polus occipitalis, polus temporalis
TA	A14.1.09.111 A14.1.09.133 A14.1.09.137
Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy [edit on Wikidata]

The anterior end of the hemisphere is named the frontal pole. (See also frontal lobe.)

The posterior end is named the occipital pole. (See also occipital lobe.)

The anterior end of the temporal lobe, the temporal pole. (See also temporal lobe.)

Gallery

• Poles of cerebral hemispheres

    Frontal pole

    Temporal pole

    Occipital pole
• Cerebrum viewed from bottom.

See also

• Lobes of the brain

References

This article incorporates text in the public domain from the 20th edition of Gray's Anatomy (1918)

External links

• Photo at umanitoba.ca
• hier-123 at NeuroNames (occipital pole)
• hier-38 at NeuroNames (frontal pole)
• hier-108 at NeuroNames (temporal pole)

UpToDate Contents

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English Journal

• Subdivisions and connectional networks of the lateral prefrontal cortex in the macaque monkey.

• Saleem KS1, Miller B, Price JL.Author information 1Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, 63110; Laboratory of Neuropsychology, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892.AbstractNeuroanatomical studies have long indicated that corticocortical connections are organized in networks that relate distinct sets of areas. Such networks have been emphasized by development of functional imaging methods for correlating activity across the cortex. Previously, two networks were recognized in the orbitomedial prefrontal cortex, the "orbital" and "medial" networks (OPFC and MPFC, respectively). In this study, three additional networks are proposed for the lateral prefrontal cortex: 1) a ventrolateral network (VLPFC) in and ventral to the principal sulcus; 2) a dorsal network (DPFC) in and dorsal to the principal sulcus and in the frontal pole; 3) a caudolateral network (CLPFC) in and rostral to the arcuate sulcus and the caudal principal sulcus. The connections of the first two networks are described here. Areas in each network are connected primarily with other areas in the same network, with overlaps around the principal sulcus. The VLPFC and DPFC are also connected with the OPFC and MPFC, respectively. Outside the prefrontal cortex, the VLPFC connects with specific areas related to somatic/visceral sensation and vision, in the frontoparietal operculum, insula, ventral bank/fundus of the superior temporal sulcus, inferior temporal gyrus, and inferior parietal cortex. In contrast, the DPFC connects with the rostral superior temporal gyrus, dorsal bank of the superior temporal sulcus, parahippocampal cortex, and posterior cingulate and retrosplenial cortex. Area 45a, in caudal VLPFC, is unique, having connections with all the networks. Its extrinsic connections resemble those of the DPFC. In addition, it has connections with both auditory belt/parabelt areas, and visual related areas. J. Comp. Neurol. 522:1641-1690, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
• The Journal of comparative neurology.J Comp Neurol.2014 May 1;522(7):1641-90. doi: 10.1002/cne.23498.
• Neuroanatomical studies have long indicated that corticocortical connections are organized in networks that relate distinct sets of areas. Such networks have been emphasized by development of functional imaging methods for correlating activity across the cortex. Previously, two networks were recogni
• PMID 24214159

• Frontal tDCS modulates orbitofrontal reality filtering.

• Manuel AL1, David AW2, Bikson M2, Schnider A3.Author information 1Laboratory of Cognitive Neurorehabilitation, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Geneva, Switzerland. Electronic address: aurelie.manuelstocker@hcuge.ch.2Neural Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York of the City University of New York, NY, USA.3Laboratory of Cognitive Neurorehabilitation, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Geneva, Switzerland; Division of Neurorehabilitation, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University Hospital of Geneva, Switzerland.AbstractOrbitofrontal reality filtering denotes a memory control mechanism necessary to keep thought and behavior in phase with reality. Its failure induces reality confusion as evident in confabulation and disorientation. In the present study, we explored the influence of orbitofrontal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on reality filtering. Twenty healthy human subjects made a reality filtering task, while receiving cathodal, anodal, or sham stimulation over the frontal pole in three sessions separated by at least 1week. Computational models predicted that this montage can produce polarity-specific current flow across the posterior medial orbitofrontal cortex (OFC). In agreement with our hypothesis, we found that cathodal tDCS over the frontal pole specifically impaired reality filtering in comparison to anodal and sham stimulation. This study shows that reality filtering, an orbitofrontal function, can be modulated with tDCS.
• Neuroscience.Neuroscience.2014 Apr 18;265:21-7. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.01.052. Epub 2014 Feb 4.
• Orbitofrontal reality filtering denotes a memory control mechanism necessary to keep thought and behavior in phase with reality. Its failure induces reality confusion as evident in confabulation and disorientation. In the present study, we explored the influence of orbitofrontal transcranial direct
• PMID 24508152

• Morphological brain plasticity induced by musical expertise is accompanied by modulation of functional connectivity at rest.

• Fauvel B1, Groussard M1, Chételat G1, Fouquet M1, Landeau B1, Eustache F1, Desgranges B1, Platel H2.Author information 1INSERM, U1077, Caen, France; Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, UMR-S1077, Caen, France; Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, UMR-S1077, Caen, France; Caen University Hospital, U1077, Caen, France.2INSERM, U1077, Caen, France; Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, UMR-S1077, Caen, France; Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, UMR-S1077, Caen, France; Caen University Hospital, U1077, Caen, France. Electronic address: herve.platel@unicaen.fr.AbstractThe aim of this study was to explore whether musical practice-related gray matter increases in brain regions are accompanied by modifications in their resting-state functional connectivity. 16 young musically experienced adults and 17 matched nonmusicians underwent an anatomical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and a resting-state functional MRI (rsfMRI). A whole-brain two-sample t test run on the T1-weighted structural images revealed four clusters exhibiting significant increases in gray matter (GM) volume in the musician group, located within the right posterior and middle cingulate gyrus, left superior temporal gyrus and right inferior orbitofrontal gyrus. Each cluster was used as a seed region to generate and compare whole-brain resting-state functional connectivity maps. The two clusters within the cingulate gyrus exhibited greater connectivity for musicians with the right prefrontal cortex and left temporal pole, which play a role in autobiographical and semantic memory, respectively. The cluster in the left superior temporal gyrus displayed enhanced connectivity with several language-related areas (e.g., left premotor cortex, bilateral supramarginal gyri). Finally, the cluster in the right inferior frontal gyrus displayed more synchronous activity at rest with claustrum, areas thought to play a role in binding sensory and motor information. We interpreted these findings as the consequence of repeated collaborative use in general networks supporting some of the memory, perceptual-motor and emotional features of musical practice.
• NeuroImage.Neuroimage.2014 Apr 15;90:179-88. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.12.065. Epub 2014 Jan 10.
• The aim of this study was to explore whether musical practice-related gray matter increases in brain regions are accompanied by modifications in their resting-state functional connectivity. 16 young musically experienced adults and 17 matched nonmusicians underwent an anatomical magnetic resonance i
• PMID 24418502

Japanese Journal

• Brain activity during the flow experience : A functional near-infrared spectroscopy study

• Yoshida Kazuki,Sawamura Daisuke,Inagaki Yuji,Ogawa Keita,Ikoma Katsunori,Sakai Shinya
• Neuroscience Letters 573, 30-34, 2014-06
• … During each task and when completing the flow state scale for occupational tasks, change in oxygenated hemoglobin (oxy-Hb) concentration in frontal brain regions was measured using fNIRS. … There was a significant increase in oxy-Hb concentration in the right and left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, right and left frontal pole areas, and left ventrolateral PFC when participants were completing the flow state scale after performing the task in the flow condition. …
• NAID 120005464720

• 咀嚼筋電位性雑音の脳波への重畳様式の検討とFDICA(周波数領域ICA)を用いた分離の試み

• 富永 滋,吉田 久,中迫 昇
• 電子情報通信学会技術研究報告. MBE, MEとバイオサイバネティックス 113(373), 57-62, 2013-12-14
• 食品嗜好性の他覚的評価法の一つと期待される脳波を用いた気分計測において、喫食時に重畳する咀嚼筋電位性雑音の分離が課題となっている。前報においてICA瞬時混合モデルによる分離が不調であることが確認されたので、本報では背景となる雑音伝播状況の評価を行い、主に咬筋上で生ずる咀嚼雑音は、顔面を瞬時に、頭皮上を数〜十数msの遅延を伴い伝播すること、また眼窩上部の前頭極は、他の電極位置とは異なる特異な伝播様式 …
• NAID 110009902149

• Effect of intentional bias on agency attribution of animated motion: an event-related FMRI study.

• Osaka Naoyuki,Ikeda Takashi,Osaka Mariko
• PloS one 7(11), 2012-11-14
• … fMRI results revealed that the posterior superior temporal sulcus (STS), inferior temporal gyrus (ITG), inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), premotor, temporal pole, supramarginal gyrus, and superior parietal lobule (SPL) were activated while participants viewed the high-intention animations. … In contrast, occipital, lingual, and middle frontal gyri were activated while the participants viewed the low-intention animations. …
• NAID 120004996383

Related Links

• Frontal pole | definition of frontal pole by Medical dictionary

By contrast, females on average had higher density in the left frontal pole, and larger volumes in the right frontal pole, inferior and middle frontal gyri, pars triangularis, planum temporale/parietal operculum, anterior cingulate gyrus ...

• Frontal pole | Article about frontal pole by The Free Dictionary

By contrast, females on average had higher density in the left frontal pole, and larger volumes in the right frontal pole, inferior and middle frontal gyri, pars triangularis, planum temporale/parietal operculum, anterior cingulate gyrus ...

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「前頭極」
関連記事	「frontal」「front」「pole」

「前頭極」

　　[★]

英

()

同

frontal pole

「frontal」

　　[★]

• adj.

• 前面の、前額の、前頭部の、前頭の、先端の

関

acral、forehead、front、procephalic、tip

　 　 　 　 　 　

「front」

　　[★]

• n.

• 前面

関

frontal

　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　

「pole」

　　[★]

• 極