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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/02/03 09:41:59」(JST)

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Chemokine (C-X3-C motif) ligand 1 (CX3CL1) is a large cytokine protein of 373 amino acids, it contains multiple domains and is the only known member of the CX₃C chemokine family. It is also commonly known under the names fractalkine (in humans) and neurotactin (in mice).^[1]^[2] The polypeptide structure of CXC3L1 differs from the typical structure of other chemokines. For example, the spacing of the characteristic N-terminal cysteines differs; there are three amino acids separating the initial pair of cysteines in CX3CL1, with none in CC chemokines and only one intervening amino acid in CXC chemokines. CX3CL1 is produced as a long protein (with 373-amino acid in humans) with an extended mucin-like stalk and a chemokine domain on top. The mucin-like stalk permits it to bind to the surface of certain cells. However a soluble (90 kD) version of this chemokine has also been observed. Soluble CX3CL1 potently chemoattracts T cells and monocytes, while the cell-bound chemokine promotes strong adhesion of leukocytes to activated endothelial cells, where it is primarily expressed.^[2] CX3CL1 elicits its adhesive and migratory functions by interacting with the chemokine receptor CX3CR1.^[3] Its gene is located on human chromosome 16 along with some CC chemokines known as CCL17 and CCL22.^[2]^[4]

References[edit]

^ Pan, Lloyd, C, Zhou, H, Dolich, S, Deeds, J, Gonzalo, JA, Vath, J, Gosselin, M et al. (1997). "Neurotactin, a membrane-anchored chemokine upregulated in brain inflammation". Nature 387 (6633): 611–617. doi:10.1038/42491. PMID 9177350. |displayauthors= suggested (help)
^ ^a ^b ^c Bazan, Bacon, KB, Hardiman, G, Wang, W, Soo, K, Rossi, D, Greaves, DR, Zlotnik, A et al. (1997). "A new class of membrane-bound chemokine with a CX3C motif". Nature 385 (6617): 640–644. doi:10.1038/385640a0. PMID 9024663. |displayauthors= suggested (help)
^ Imai, Hieshima, K, Haskell, C, Baba, M, Nagira, M, Nishimura, M, Kakizaki, M, Takagi, S et al. (1997). "Identification and molecular characterization of fractalkine receptor CX3CR1, which mediates both leukocyte migration and adhesion". Cell 91 (4): 521–530. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80438-9. PMID 9390561. |displayauthors= suggested (help)
^ Nomiyama, Imai, T, Kusuda, J, Miura, R, Callen, DF, Yoshie, O (1998). "Human chemokines fractalkine (SCYD1), MDC (SCYA22) and TARC (SCYA17) are clustered on chromosome 16q13". Cytogenet. Cell Genet 81 (1): 10–11. doi:10.1159/000015000. PMID 9691168.

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Janex-1, a JAK3 inhibitor, ameliorates tumor necrosis factor‑α‑induced expression of cell adhesion molecules and improves myocardial vascular permeability in endotoxemic mice.

Lee JE, Lee AS, Kim DH, Jung YJ, Lee S, Park BH, Lee SH, Park SK, Kim W, Kang KP.SourceDepartment of Internal Medicine, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine and Diabetes Research Center, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si 561-712, Republic of Korea.
International journal of molecular medicine.Int J Mol Med.2012 May;29(5):864-70. doi: 10.3892/ijmm.2012.920. Epub 2012 Feb 16.
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Fractalkine (CX3CL1) levels in patients with Behçet's disease and Neuro-Behçet's disease.

Ceyla I, Tuba TK, Esra A, Banu O, Isil F, Ali GM, Turgut I, Banu B.SourceDepartment of Neurology, Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
Journal of the neurological sciences.J Neurol Sci.2012 Apr 15;315(1-2):120-2. Epub 2011 Dec 15.
OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to assess the role of CX3CL1 in patients with active and inactive Behçet's Disease (BD), Neuro-Behçet's Disease (NBD) and control subjects.METHODS: Fifty-six patients admitted to the BD and NBD Outpatient Clinics, and 30 healthy controls were enrolled in
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Related Pictures

$fractalkine - group picture, image by tag$ $fractalkine - group picture, image by tag$

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「フラクタルカイン」「chemokine CX3CL1」

「フラクタルカイン」

Chemokine (C-X3-C motif) ligand 1
	; PDB rendering based on 1b2t.
Available structures
PDB	Ortholog search: PDBe, RCSB
List of PDB id codes
	1B2T, 1F2L, 3ONA
Identifiers
Symbols	CX3CL1; ABCD-3; C3Xkine; CXC3; CXC3C; NTN; NTT; SCYD1; fractalkine; neurotactin
External IDs	OMIM: 601880 MGI: 1097153 HomoloGene: 2251 GeneCards: CX3CL1 Gene
Gene Ontology
Molecular function	• receptor binding; • protein binding; • chemokine activity;
Cellular component	• extracellular region; • extracellular space; • plasma membrane; • cell surface; • integral to membrane;
Biological process	• chemotaxis; • defense response; • immune response; • cell adhesion; • cytokine-mediated signaling pathway; • neutrophil chemotaxis; • leukocyte chemotaxis; • positive regulation of transforming growth factor beta1 production; • negative regulation of apoptotic process; • positive regulation of angiogenesis; • macrophage chemotaxis; • lymphocyte chemotaxis; • positive regulation of inflammatory response; • leukocyte adhesive activation; • positive regulation of calcium-independent cell-cell adhesion; • angiogenesis involved in wound healing;
	Sources: Amigo / QuickGO
RNA expression pattern
	More reference expression data
Orthologs
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