関: cranial nerve I、olfactory nerve

WordNet

preceding all others in time or space or degree; "the first house on the right"; "the first day of spring"; "his first political race"; "her first baby"; "the first time"; "the first meetings of the new party"; "the first phase of his training"
the first or highest in an ordering or series; "He wanted to be the first" (同)number_one
the first element in a countable series; "the first of the month" (同)number_one, number 1
an honours degree of the highest class (同)first-class honours degree
indicating the beginning unit in a series (同)1st
before anything else; "first we must consider the garter snake" (同)firstly, foremost, first of all, first off
the initial time; "when Felix first saw a garter snake" (同)for_the_first_time
ranking above all others; "was first in her class"; "the foremost figure among marine artists"; "the top graduate" (同)foremost, world-class
before another in time, space, or importance; "I was here first"; "lets do this job first"
highest in pitch or chief among parts or voices or instruments or orchestra sections; "first soprano"; "the first violin section"; "played first horn"
any bundle of nerve fibers running to various organs and tissues of the body (同)nervus
any of various evergreen trees of the genus Abies; chiefly of upland areas (同)fir_tree, true fir
nonresinous wood of a fir tree
of or relating to the cranium which encloses the brain; "cranial pressure"
control of your emotions; "this kind of tension is not good for my nerves"

PrepTutorEJDIC

(順序・時間的に)『第1の』,1番目の;最初の / (階級・等級・重要度などが)『1番の』,第一級の,首席の,最も重要な / 『最初に』,まっ先に;1番目に,第1位に;初めて / (…するくらいなら)むしろ,いっそ(…のほうがいい)(rather, sooner) / 《通例the~》『最初のもの』;(月の)第1日;(時代の)第1年 / 《通例the~》初め,始まり / 〈U〉ファーストギヤ,低速ギヤ / 〈C〉《英》(競技などの)第1位,1等(試験の)第一級 / 《複数形で》最高級品,一級品 / 〈U〉=first base
〈C〉『神経』 / 〈C〉《複数形で》『神経過敏』,いらだち / 〈U〉『勇気』,度胸(courage) / 〈U〉《時にa ~》厚かましさ,ずぶとさ;無礼 / 〈C〉葉脈;(昆虫の)翅脈(しみゃく) / 〈人,特に自分〉‘に'力を与える,‘を'元気づける
モミ,モミの木(クリスマスツリーに用いられる) / モミ材
頭蓋(ずがい)の

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/10/14 22:11:42」(JST)

wiki en

The olfactory nerve (Latin: nervus olfactorius) is typically considered the first cranial nerve, or simply CN I. It contains the afferent nerve fibers of the olfactory receptor neurons, transmitting nerve impulses about odors to the central nervous system, where they are perceived by the sense of smell (olfaction). Derived from the embryonic nasal placode, the olfactory nerve is somewhat unique among cranial nerves because it is capable of some regeneration if damaged. The olfactory nerve is sensory in nature and originates on the olfactory mucosa in the upper part of the nasal cavity.^[1] From the olfactory mucosa, the nerve (actually many small nerve fascicles) travels up through the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone to reach the surface of the brain. Here the fascicles enter the olfactory bulb and synapse there; from the bulbs (one on each side) the olfactory information is transmitted into the brain via the olfactory tract.^[2] The fascicles of the olfactory nerve are not visible on a cadaver brain because they are severed upon removal.^[3] ^:548

Structure

The specialized olfactory receptor neurons of the olfactory nerve are located in the olfactory mucosa of the upper parts of the nasal cavity. The olfactory nerves consist of a collection of many sensory nerve fibers that extend from the olfactory epithelium to the olfactory bulb, passing through the many openings of the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone, a sieve-like structure.

The sense of smell (olfaction) arises from the stimulation of receptors by small molecules in inspired air of varying spatial, chemical, and electrical properties that reach the nasal epithelium in the nasal cavity during inhalation. These stimulants are transduced into electrical activity in the olfactory neurons, which then transmit these impulses to the olfactory bulb and from there to the rest of the central nervous system via the olfactory tract.

The olfactory nerve is the shortest of the twelve cranial nerves and, similar to the optic nerve, does not emanate from the brainstem.^[2]

Function

The functional components of the olfactory nerve include SVA, special visceral afferent, which carries the modality of smell.

Clinical significance

Examination

Damage to this nerve impairs the sense of smell. To simply test the function of the olfactory nerve, one of the patient's nostrils is closed and a substance with a pungent odor (such as damp coffee essence) is placed under the open nostril. The test is then repeated on the other nostril. If the patient can smell the substance the patient’s olfactory nerve is likely functioning. There are olfactory testing packets in which strong odors are embedded into cards and the responses of the patient to each odor can be determined.^[2]

Lesions

Lesions to the olfactory nerve can occur because of blunt trauma, such as coup-contra-coup damage, meningitis, and tumors of the frontal lobe. They often lead to a reduced ability to taste and smell. However, lesions of the olfactory nerve do not lead to a reduced ability to sense pain from the nasal epithelium. This is because pain from the nasal epithelium is not carried to the central nervous system by the olfactory nerve; rather, it is carried to the central nervous system by the trigeminal nerve (cranial nerve V).

Aging and Olfaction

Decreases in the ability to smell is a normal consequence of human aging, and usually is more pronounced in men than in women. It is often unrecognized in patients except that they may note a decreased ability to taste (much of taste is actually based on reception of food odor). Some of this decrease results from repeated damage to the olfactory nerve receptors due likely to repeated upper respiratory infections. Patients with Alzheimer's disease almost always have an abnormal sense of smell when tested.^[2]

Additional Images

Olfactory nerve.Deep dissection.Inferior view.

External links

Cranial Nerves at Yale 1-1

cranialnerves at The Anatomy Lesson by Wesley Norman (Georgetown University) (I)
Notes on Olfactory Nerve

Notes

^ Mcgraw Hill's Anatomy and Physiology Revealed
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Vilensky, Joel; Robertson, Wendy; Suarez-Quian, Carlos (2015). The Clinical Anatomy of the Cranial Nerves: The Nerves of "On Olympus Towering Top". Ames, Iowa: Wiley-Blackwell. ISBN 978-1118492017.
^ Saladin, Kenneth. "The Cranial Nerves." Anatomy and Physiology: The Unity of Form and Function. 6th ed. New York City: Mcgraw-Hill, 2012. 548.

UpToDate Contents

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1. 成人における第三脳神経（動眼神経）麻痺 third cranial nerve oculomotor nerve palsy in adults
2. 小児における第3脳神経（動眼神経）麻痺 third cranial nerve oculomotor nerve palsy in children
3. ベル麻痺：成人における予後および治療 bells palsy prognosis and treatment in adults
4. ベル麻痺：成人における病因、臨床的特徴、および診断 bells palsy pathogenesis clinical features and diagnosis in adults
5. 複視の概要 overview of diplopia

English Journal

Sensory ability in the narwhal tooth organ system.

Nweeia MT1, Eichmiller FC, Hauschka PV, Donahue GA, Orr JR, Ferguson SH, Watt CA, Mead JG, Potter CW, Dietz R, Giuseppetti AA, Black SR, Trachtenberg AJ, Kuo WP.Author information 1Department of Restorative Dentistry and Biomaterial Sciences, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, 188 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA, 02115; Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Smithsonian Institution, 1000 Jefferson Drive SW, Washington, DC, 20004; Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, 26 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138.AbstractThe erupted tusk of the narwhal exhibits sensory ability. The hypothesized sensory pathway begins with ocean water entering through cementum channels to a network of patent dentinal tubules extending from the dentinocementum junction to the inner pulpal wall. Circumpulpal sensory structures then signal pulpal nerves terminating near the base of the tusk. The maxillary division of the fifth cranial nerve then transmits this sensory information to the brain. This sensory pathway was first described in published results of patent dentinal tubules, and evidence from dissection of tusk nerve connection via the maxillary division of the fifth cranial nerve to the brain. New evidence presented here indicates that the patent dentinal tubules communicate with open channels through a porous cementum from the ocean environment. The ability of pulpal tissue to react to external stimuli is supported by immunohistochemical detection of neuronal markers in the pulp and gene expression of pulpal sensory nerve tissue. Final confirmation of sensory ability is demonstrated by significant changes in heart rate when alternating solutions of high-salt and fresh water are exposed to the external tusk surface. Additional supporting information for function includes new observations of dentinal tubule networks evident in unerupted tusks, female erupted tusks, and vestigial teeth. New findings of sexual foraging divergence documented by stable isotope and fatty acid results add to the discussion of the functional significance of the narwhal tusk. The combined evidence suggests multiple tusk functions may have driven the tooth organ system's evolutionary development and persistence. Anat Rec, 297:599-617, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Anatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007).Anat Rec (Hoboken).2014 Apr;297(4):C1. doi: 10.1002/ar.22773.
The erupted tusk of the narwhal exhibits sensory ability. The hypothesized sensory pathway begins with ocean water entering through cementum channels to a network of patent dentinal tubules extending from the dentinocementum junction to the inner pulpal wall. Circumpulpal sensory structures then sig
PMID 24639078

Sensory ability in the narwhal tooth organ system.

Nweeia MT1, Eichmiller FC, Hauschka PV, Donahue GA, Orr JR, Ferguson SH, Watt CA, Mead JG, Potter CW, Dietz R, Giuseppetti AA, Black SR, Trachtenberg AJ, Kuo WP.Author information 1Department of Restorative Dentistry and Biomaterial Sciences, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, 188 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA, 02115; Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Smithsonian Institution, 1000 Jefferson Drive SW, Washington, DC, 20004; Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, 26 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138.AbstractThe erupted tusk of the narwhal exhibits sensory ability. The hypothesized sensory pathway begins with ocean water entering through cementum channels to a network of patent dentinal tubules extending from the dentinocementum junction to the inner pulpal wall. Circumpulpal sensory structures then signal pulpal nerves terminating near the base of the tusk. The maxillary division of the fifth cranial nerve then transmits this sensory information to the brain. This sensory pathway was first described in published results of patent dentinal tubules, and evidence from dissection of tusk nerve connection via the maxillary division of the fifth cranial nerve to the brain. New evidence presented here indicates that the patent dentinal tubules communicate with open channels through a porous cementum from the ocean environment. The ability of pulpal tissue to react to external stimuli is supported by immunohistochemical detection of neuronal markers in the pulp and gene expression of pulpal sensory nerve tissue. Final confirmation of sensory ability is demonstrated by significant changes in heart rate when alternating solutions of high-salt and fresh water are exposed to the external tusk surface. Additional supporting information for function includes new observations of dentinal tubule networks evident in unerupted tusks, female erupted tusks, and vestigial teeth. New findings of sexual foraging divergence documented by stable isotope and fatty acid results add to the discussion of the functional significance of the narwhal tusk. The combined evidence suggests multiple tusk functions may have driven the tooth organ system's evolutionary development and persistence. Anat Rec, 297:599-617, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Anatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007).Anat Rec (Hoboken).2014 Apr;297(4):599-617. doi: 10.1002/ar.22886.
The erupted tusk of the narwhal exhibits sensory ability. The hypothesized sensory pathway begins with ocean water entering through cementum channels to a network of patent dentinal tubules extending from the dentinocementum junction to the inner pulpal wall. Circumpulpal sensory structures then sig
PMID 24639076

The prognostic significance of surgically treated hydrocephalus in leptomeningeal metastases.

Jung TY1, Chung WK2, Oh IJ3.Author information 1Department of Neurosurgery, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital & Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea. Electronic address: jung-ty@chonnam.ac.kr.2Department of Radiation Oncology, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital & Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea.3Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital & Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea.AbstractOBJECTIVE: The median survival of leptomeningeal metastases is short despite therapy and is sometime associated with hydrocephalus. We investigated the prognostic significance of surgically treated hydrocephalus in leptomeningeal metastases.
Clinical neurology and neurosurgery.Clin Neurol Neurosurg.2014 Apr;119:80-3. doi: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2014.01.023. Epub 2014 Jan 28.
OBJECTIVE: The median survival of leptomeningeal metastases is short despite therapy and is sometime associated with hydrocephalus. We investigated the prognostic significance of surgically treated hydrocephalus in leptomeningeal metastases.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between December 2005 and November 2
PMID 24635931

Japanese Journal

椎骨脳底動脈系頭蓋内動脈解離の全国調査（最終報告）第3報─虚血発症─

脳卒中の外科 43(4), 257-261, 2015
NAID 130005101676

CEA術後脳神経麻痺合併の回避─自験連続216例の検討─

脳卒中の外科 43(3), 165-174, 2015
NAID 130005078138

多発脳神経障害をきたした耳下腺上皮筋上皮癌例

耳鼻咽喉科臨床 108(4), 301-305, 2015
NAID 130005061542

「嗅神経」

Olfactory nerve
	Head bisection showing location of olfactory mucosa and cribriform plate. Olfactory nerves are too small to b e seen in a gross section. (Suarez, C.A. and Vilensky, J., All-in-One Anatomy Exam Review. Vol. 1 Back and Upper Limb)
	The Olfactory Nerve
Details
Latin	nervus olfactorius
Identifiers
Gray's	p.881
MeSH	A08.800.800.120.640
TA	A14.2.01.004; A14.2.01.005
FMA	46787
	Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy

　　[★]

英: olfactory nerve, olfactory nerves
ラ: nervus olfactorius, nervi olfactorii
同: CN I, 第1脳神経 first cranial nerve, 嗅糸 fila olfactoria
関: 脳神経

「第I脳神経」

　　[★]

英: cranial nerve I、first cranial nerve
関: 嗅神経、第1脳神経、第一脳神経

「第1脳神経」

　　[★]

英: first cranial nerve
関: 第I脳神経、第一脳神経

「第一脳神経」

　　[★]

英: first cranial nerve
関: 第1脳神経、第I脳神経

「cranial nerve I」

　　[★]

第I脳神経

関: first cranial nerve、olfactory nerve

「cranial」

　　[★]

adj.

頭蓋の、頭側の

関: cephalad、crania、cranium、rostral、skull

「nerve」

　　[★]

n.

神経

関: nervi、nervous、nervus、neural、neuro、neuron

「first」

　　[★] 　　　　　　　　　　　

[1] Mcgraw Hill's Anatomy and Physiology Revealed

[Vilensky-2] Vilensky, Joel; Robertson, Wendy; Suarez-Quian, Carlos (2015). The Clinical Anatomy of the Cranial Nerves: The Nerves of "On Olympus Towering Top". Ames, Iowa: Wiley-Blackwell. ISBN 978-1118492017.

[3] Saladin, Kenneth. "The Cranial Nerves." Anatomy and Physiology: The Unity of Form and Function. 6th ed. New York City: Mcgraw-Hill, 2012. 548.

リンク元	「嗅神経」「第I脳神経」「第1脳神経」「第一脳神経」「cranial nerve I」
関連記事	「cranial」「nerve」「first」

匿名

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案内

案内

first cranial nerve