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Antenatal surveillance through estimates of the sources underlying the abdominal phonogram: a preliminary study.

Jiménez-González A1, James CJ.
Physiological measurement.Physiol Meas.2013 Sep;34(9):1041-61. doi: 10.1088/0967-3334/34/9/1041. Epub 2013 Aug 19.
Today, it is generally accepted that current methods for biophysical antenatal surveillance do not facilitate a comprehensive and reliable assessment of foetal well-being and that continuing research into alternative methods is necessary to improve antenatal monitoring procedures. In our research, a
PMID 23956329

De-noising the abdominal phonogram for foetal heart rate extraction: blind source separation versus empirical filtering.

Jiménez-González A, James CJ.
Conference proceedings : ... Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual Conference.Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc.2013;2013:1358-61. doi: 10.1109/EMBC.2013.6609761.
This work explored the suitability of using the foetal phonocardiogram (FPCG) blindly separated from the abdominal phonogram as a source for foetal heart rate (FHR) measuring in antenatal surveillance. To this end, and working on a dataset of 15 abdominal phonograms, the FPCG was estimated by using
PMID 24109948

Generalized blind delayed source separation model for online non-invasive twin-fetal sound separation: a phantom study.

Nigam V1, Priemer R.
Journal of medical systems.J Med Syst.2008 Apr;32(2):123-35.
The fetal phonocardiogram, which is the acoustic recording of mechanical activity of the fetal heart, facilitates the measurement of the instantaneous fetal heart rate, beat-to-beat differences and duration of systolic and diastolic phases. These measures are sensitive indicators of cardiac function
PMID 18461816

AUSCULTATORY AND PHONOCARDIOGRAPHIC STUDIES ON THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM OF THE NEWBORN THOROUGHBRED FOAL

MACHIDA Noboru,YASUDA Jun,TOO Kimehiko
Japanese Journal of Veterinary Research 35(4), 235-250, 1987-10-30
… A transient bradycardia, which was slower than the near-term fetal heart rate, was noted in neonates immediately after birth. …
NAID 110001077907