WordNet

existing in possibility; "a potential problem"; "possible uses of nuclear power" (同)possible
the inherent capacity for coming into being (同)potentiality, potency
the state of being fertile; capable of producing offspring (同)fecundity

PrepTutorEJDIC

可能性のある,潜在的な / 可能性,潜在力 / 電位
肥沃(ひよく);産出力,繁殖力;(創造力の)豊かさ

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1. 妊娠を計画している男女における自然妊娠の最適化 optimizing natural fertility in couples planning pregnancy
2. 不妊症の概要 overview of infertility
3. 子宮頸癌に対する妊孕性温存手術 fertility sparing surgery for cervical cancer
4. 出産年齢の上昇に伴う受胎能保持の選択肢 fertility preserving options for women of advancing age
5. 癌生存者における不妊および妊娠の転帰の概要 overview of infertility and pregnancy outcome in cancer survivors

English Journal

Carbon sequestration potential of soils in southeast Germany derived from stable soil organic carbon saturation.

Wiesmeier M, Hübner R, Spörlein P, Geuß U, Hangen E, Reischl A, Schilling B, von Lützow M, Kögel-Knabner I.Author information Lehrstuhl für Bodenkunde, Department für Ökologie und Ökosystemmanagement, Wissenschaftszentrum Weihenstephan für Ernährung, Landnutzung und Umwelt, Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, 85350, Germany.AbstractSequestration of atmospheric carbon (C) in soils through improved management of forest and agricultural land is considered to have high potential for global CO2 mitigation. However, the potential of soils to sequester soil organic carbon (SOC) in a stable form, which is limited by the stabilization of SOC against microbial mineralization, is largely unknown. In this study, we estimated the C sequestration potential of soils in southeast Germany by calculating the potential SOC saturation of silt and clay particles according to Hassink [Plant and Soil 191 (1997) 77] on the basis of 516 soil profiles. The determination of the current SOC content of silt and clay fractions for major soil units and land uses allowed an estimation of the C saturation deficit corresponding to the long-term C sequestration potential. The results showed that cropland soils have a low level of C saturation of around 50% and could store considerable amounts of additional SOC. A relatively high C sequestration potential was also determined for grassland soils. In contrast, forest soils had a low C sequestration potential as they were almost C saturated. A high proportion of sites with a high degree of apparent oversaturation revealed that in acidic, coarse-textured soils the relation to silt and clay is not suitable to estimate the stable C saturation. A strong correlation of the C saturation deficit with temperature and precipitation allowed a spatial estimation of the C sequestration potential for Bavaria. In total, about 395 Mt CO2 -equivalents could theoretically be stored in A horizons of cultivated soils - four times the annual emission of greenhouse gases in Bavaria. Although achieving the entire estimated C storage capacity is unrealistic, improved management of cultivated land could contribute significantly to CO2 mitigation. Moreover, increasing SOC stocks have additional benefits with respect to enhanced soil fertility and agricultural productivity.
Global change biology.Glob Chang Biol.2014 Feb;20(2):653-65. doi: 10.1111/gcb.12384. Epub 2013 Nov 17.
Sequestration of atmospheric carbon (C) in soils through improved management of forest and agricultural land is considered to have high potential for global CO2 mitigation. However, the potential of soils to sequester soil organic carbon (SOC) in a stable form, which is limited by the stabilization
PMID 24038905

Metabolism of the environmental toxicant benzo(a)pyrene by subcellular fractions of human ovary.

Rekhadevi PV, Diggs DL, Huderson AC, Harris KL, Archibong AE, Ramesh A.Author information 1Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, USA.AbstractKnowledge of the ability of the female reproductive system to metabolize environmental chemicals is critical not only from the standpoint of toxicity but also from infertility risk assessment. Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) is a toxicant that is released into the environment from automobile exhausts, cigarette smoke, burning of refuse, industrial emissions, and hazardous waste sites. In exposed animals, BaP becomes activated to reactive metabolites that interfere with target organ function and as a consequence cause toxicity. Studies on animal models conducted in our laboratories and those of others have shown that BaP possess endocrine disrupting properties. Thus, this chemical has the potential to cause infertility and cancers in the female genital tract. An understanding of BaP metabolism in the female reproductive system will be of importance in the diagnosis and management of female fertility as well as cancers in the reproductive tissues. Therefore, the objective of our study was to examine the metabolism of BaP by human ovarian subcellular fractions. Human ovary samples (eight individuals) were obtained from postoperative tissue removed from subjects with uterine tumors. Subcellular fractions (nuclear, cytosolic, mitochondrial, and microsomal) were prepared by differential centrifugation. BaP (1 μM and 3 μM) was individually incubated with individual subcellular fractions for 15 min and the products were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. Among the different fractions tested, microsomal BaP metabolism was higher than the rest of the fractions. The BaP metabolites identified were as follows: BaP-9,10-diol, BaP-4,5-diol, BaP-7,8-diol, 9(OH) BaP, 3(OH) BaP, BaP-1,6-dione, BaP-3,6-dione, and BaP-6,12-dione. Of interest was the presence of DNA-reactive metabolites such as BaP-3,6-dione, BaP-6,12-dione, and BaP 7,8-diol, which have been implicated in the causation of infertility and cancer. Our results indicate that women who are exposed to BaP via cigarette smoke, occupational settings, and diet are more likely at a larger risk of this toxicant-induced infertility and cancer than others.
Human & experimental toxicology.Hum Exp Toxicol.2014 Feb;33(2):196-202. doi: 10.1177/0960327113489050. Epub 2013 May 23.
Knowledge of the ability of the female reproductive system to metabolize environmental chemicals is critical not only from the standpoint of toxicity but also from infertility risk assessment. Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) is a toxicant that is released into the environment from automobile exhausts, cigarett
PMID 23703818

Mapping the economic benefits to livestock keepers from intervening against bovine trypanosomosis in Eastern Africa.

Shaw AP1, Cecchi G2, Wint GR3, Mattioli RC4, Robinson TP5.Author information 1AP Consultants, 22 Duke Close, Walworth Business Park, Andover SP10 5AP, United Kingdom; Division of Pathway Medicine and Centre for Infectious Diseases, School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Chancellor's Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, United Kingdom.2Sub-regional Office for Eastern Africa, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), CMC Road, P.O. Box 5536, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.3Environmental Research Group Oxford (ERGO), Department of Zoology, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PS, United Kingdom.4Animal Production and Health Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, 00153 Rome, Italy.5Animal Production and Health Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, 00153 Rome, Italy; Livestock Systems and Environment Theme (LSE), International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), P.O. Box 30709, 00100 Nairobi, Kenya. Electronic address: t.robinson@cgiar.org.AbstractEndemic animal diseases such as tsetse-transmitted trypanosomosis are a constant drain on the financial resources of African livestock keepers and on the productivity of their livestock. Knowing where the potential benefits of removing animal trypanosomosis are distributed geographically would provide crucial evidence for prioritising and targeting cost-effective interventions as well as a powerful tool for advocacy. To this end, a study was conducted on six tsetse-infested countries in Eastern Africa: Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia, South Sudan, Sudan and Uganda. First, a map of cattle production systems was generated, with particular attention to the presence of draught and dairy animals. Second, herd models for each production system were developed for two scenarios: with or without trypanosomosis. The herd models were based on publications and reports on cattle productivity (fertility, mortality, yields, sales), from which the income from, and growth of cattle populations were estimated over a twenty-year period. Third, a step-wise spatial expansion model was used to estimate how cattle populations might migrate to new areas when maximum stocking rates are exceeded. Last, differences in income between the two scenarios were mapped, thus providing a measure of the maximum benefits that could be obtained from intervening against tsetse and trypanosomosis. For this information to be readily mappable, benefits were calculated per bovine and converted to US$ per square kilometre. Results indicate that the potential benefits from dealing with trypanosomosis in Eastern Africa are both very high and geographically highly variable. The estimated total maximum benefit to livestock keepers for the whole of the study area amounts to nearly US$ 2.5 billion, discounted at 10% over twenty years - an average of approximately US$ 3300 per square kilometre of tsetse-infested area - but with great regional variation from less than US$ 500 per square kilometre to well over US$ 10,000. The greatest potential benefits accrue to Ethiopia, because of its very high livestock densities and the importance of animal traction, but also to parts of Kenya and Uganda. In general, the highest benefit levels occur on the fringes of the tsetse infestations. The implications of the models' assumptions and generalisations are discussed.
Preventive veterinary medicine.Prev Vet Med.2014 Feb 1;113(2):197-210. doi: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2013.10.024. Epub 2013 Nov 7.
Endemic animal diseases such as tsetse-transmitted trypanosomosis are a constant drain on the financial resources of African livestock keepers and on the productivity of their livestock. Knowing where the potential benefits of removing animal trypanosomosis are distributed geographically would provi
PMID 24275205