排卵誘発剤

関: fertility agent、menstruation-inducing agent、ovulation inducing agent

WordNet

use recreational drugs (同)do drugs
administer a drug to; "They drugged the kidnapped tourist" (同)dose
a substance that is used as a medicine or narcotic
the state of being fertile; capable of producing offspring (同)fecundity

PrepTutorEJDIC

『薬』,薬品,薬剤 / 『麻薬』,麻酔剤 / 〈人〉‘に'薬(特に麻酔剤)を与える / 〈飲食物〉‘に'(麻酔薬・毒薬などの)薬を混ぜる
肥沃(ひよく);産出力,繁殖力;(創造力の)豊かさ

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/06/22 08:45:47」(JST)

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[Wiki en表示]

Fertility medication, better known as fertility drugs, are drugs which enhance reproductive fertility. For women, fertility medication is used to stimulate follicle development of the ovary. There are currently very few fertility medication options available for men.

Agents that enhance ovarian activity can be classified as either Gonadotropin releasing hormone, Estrogen antagonists or Gonadotropins.

Female

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone

Either Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) or any Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (i.e. Lupron) may be used. GnRH stimulates the release of gonadotropins (LH and FSH) from the anterior pituitary in the body.

Oestrogen antagonists

Fertility medication inhibiting the effects of estrogen includes Clomiphene and Aromatase inhibitors.

Clomiphene

Clomiphene (trademarked as Clomid) is a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM). It is the most widely used fertility drug. It is used as an ovarian stimulator by inhibiting the negative feedback of estrogen at the hypothalamus. As the negative feedback of estrogen is inhibited, the hypothalamus secretes GnRh which in turn stimulates the anterior pituitary to secrete LH and FSH which help in ovulation.

Aromatase inhibitors

Although primarily a breast cancer treatment, aromatase inhibitors can also work as fertility medication, probably through a mechanism similar to clomiphene.

Gonadotropins

Gonadotropins are the hormones in the body that normally stimulate the gonads (testes and ovaries). For medication, they can be extracted from urine or by genetic modification.

For example, the so-called menotropins consist of LH and FSH extracted from human urine from menopausal women.^[1] FSH and FSH analogues are mainly used for ovarian hyperstimulation as well as reversal of anovulation.

There are also recombinant variants which are created by inserting the DNA coding for it into bacteriae. The bacterial DNA is then called Recombinant DNA. Examples of recombinant FSH are Follistim and Gonal F, while Luveris is a recombinant LH.

Human chorionic gonadotropin

Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is normally produced during pregnancy. However, it can also replace LH as an ovulation inducer.

Other

hMG is a medication containing a follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and a lutenizing hormone (LH).

Male

There currently are no effective medications to treat oligospermia, so other assisted reproductive technologies are used.

Research in male fertility medication is currently ongoing. A study in Egypt assessed the efficacy of a combination of clomiphene and vitamin E in improving sperm count and sperm motility in male infertility.^[2]

Adverse effects

Estrogen antagonists and gonadotropins may stimulate multiple follicles and other ovarian hormones leading to multiple birth and possible ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. Clomiphene Side Effects:

References

^ Menotropins at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
^ Ghanem H et al. Combination clomiphene and antioxidant therapy for idiopathic male infertility: A randomized controlled trial. Fertil Steril 2009 Mar 5; [e-pub ahead of print]. Published in Journal Watch General Medicine March 31, 2009

Fertility Drugs For Women

UpToDate Contents

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1. 排卵誘発の概要 overview of ovulation induction
2. 妊娠を計画している男女における自然妊娠の最適化 optimizing natural fertility in couples planning pregnancy
3. 成人におけるてんかんのマネージメントの概要 overview of the management of epilepsy in adults
4. リウマチ性疾患を有する男性における抗炎症剤および免疫抑制剤が性腺機能に及ぼす影響 effects of antiinflammatory and immunosuppressive drugs on gonadal function in men with rheumatic diseases
5. 妊娠中および授乳中のリウマチ性疾患における抗炎症剤および免疫抑制剤の使用 use of antiinflammatory and immunosuppressive drugs in rheumatic diseases during pregnancy and lactation

English Journal

Novel thermosensitive in situ gel based on poloxamer for uterus delivery.

Lu C1, Liu M1, Fu H1, Zhang W1, Peng G2, Zhang Y1, Cao H1, Luo L1.
European journal of pharmaceutical sciences : official journal of the European Federation for Pharmaceutical Sciences.Eur J Pharm Sci.2015 Sep 18;77:24-8. doi: 10.1016/j.ejps.2015.05.014. Epub 2015 May 14.
Side effects and drug residues are major concerns affecting hormone therapy of bovine reproductive diseases. Fertility-promoting intrauterine infusion liquid (FPL), an effective alternative to hormone therapy, is associated with short retention time and low therapeutic efficacy. To address these pro
PMID 25981887

Bupropion treatment increases epididymal contractility and impairs sperm quality with no effects on the epididymal sperm transit time of male rats.

Cavariani MM1, de Almeida Kiguti LR2, de Lima Rosa J1, de Araújo Leite GA1, Silva PV1, Pupo AS2, De Grava Kempinas W1.
Journal of applied toxicology : JAT.J Appl Toxicol.2015 Sep;35(9):1007-16. doi: 10.1002/jat.3089. Epub 2015 Feb 2.
Bupropion is a dopamine (DA) and norepinephrine (NE) reuptake inhibitor used as smoking cessation and antidepressant drug with a lower incidence of male sexual dysfunction. We showed previously that sibutramine, a norepinephrine/serotonine reuptake inhibitor, reduced male rat fertility. As there are
PMID 25645087

Testosterone supplementation in men: a practical guide for the gynecologist and obstetrician.

Owen RC1, Elkelany OO, Kim ED.
Current opinion in obstetrics & gynecology.Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol.2015 Aug;27(4):258-64. doi: 10.1097/GCO.0000000000000192.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Prescribing habits for the treatment of symptomatic hypogonadism have recently stirred controversy surrounding testosterone replacement therapy. As a result, the gynecologist will need to recognize this iatrogenic form of decreased sperm production in couples seeking fertility adv
PMID 26107780

Japanese Journal

Positive and negative ions by air purifier have no effects on reproductive function or postnatal growth and development in rats

Yamamoto Dai,Wako Yumi,Kumabe Shino,Wako Kiyoshi,Sato Yukari,Fujishiro Mayumi,Yasuda Yoshimasa,Matsuura Ikuo,Ohnishi Yasuyuki
Fundamental Toxicological Sciences 2(3), 101-110, 2015
… As for the effects on the reproductive function, there were no exposure-related changes in mating ability, fertility, pregnancy, parturition, or nursing behavior, nor were there any changes in the estrous cycle or sperm parameters in either generation, nor in the ovarian follicle counts (only F1 females). …
NAID 130005084641

関節リウマチの治療と妊娠の両立

舟久保ゆう
日本臨床免疫学会会誌 38(1), 45-56, 2015
関節リウマチ（RA）は妊娠可能年齢の女性に好発する．日本では女性の出産年齢が高齢化しつつあり，RA発症後に妊娠を計画する女性が増えると予想される．RAの妊娠については，RAが妊孕性および妊娠経過に及ぼす影響，妊娠がRAの病勢に与える影響，妊娠・授乳期の薬物治療などが検討されている．RAの疾患活動性が高いと妊孕性は低下することが示されたため，低疾患活動性～寛解を達成・維持してから妊娠計画をたてる …
NAID 130004875951

Maternal age and reproductive function in female Sprague-Dawley rats

Ishii Misawa,Yamauchi Toshiaki,Matsumoto Kiyoshi,Watanabe Gen,Taya Kazuyoshi,Chatani Fumio
The Journal of Toxicological Sciences 37(3), 631-638, 2012
… The copulatory and fertility indices decreased from 35 and 27 weeks of age, respectively. …
NAID 130004446983

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リンク元	「排卵誘発剤」「menstruation-inducing agent」「ovulation inducing agent」「fertility agent」
関連記事	「fertility」「drug」