WordNet

for or pertaining to or composed of women or girls; "the female lead in the play"; "a female chorus"
an animal that produces gametes (ova) that can be fertilized by male gametes (spermatozoa)
a person who belongs to the sex that can have babies (同)female person
characteristic of or peculiar to a woman; "female sensitiveness"; "female suffrage" (同)distaff
being the sex (of plant or animal) that produces fertilizable gametes (ova) from which offspring develop; "a female heir"; "female holly trees bear the berries"

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The relevance of age in female human reproduction - Current situation in Switzerland and pathophysiological background from a comparative perspective.

Leeners B, Geraedts K, Imthurn B, Stiller R.SourceDivision of Reproductive Endocrinology, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland. Electronic address: Brigitte.Leeners@usz.ch.
General and comparative endocrinology.Gen Comp Endocrinol.2013 Jul 1;188:166-74. doi: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2013.02.035. Epub 2013 Mar 21.
During recent years women tend to postpone childbirth to ages when fertility declines. Consequently, an increasing number of women experiences reproductive difficulties and seeks help by assisted reproductive techniques (ART). To investigate the dynamics of age-related fertility in Switzerland we ev
PMID 23523998

5'-methylcytosine and 5'-hydroxymethylcytosine Each Provide Epigenetic Information to the Mouse Zygote.

Li Y, O'Neill C.SourceCentre for Developmental and Regenerative Medicine, Kolling Institute for Medical Research, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
PloS one.PLoS One.2013 May 14;8(5):e63689. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0063689. Print 2013.
Covalent modification of cytosine nucleotides within the genome encode essential epigenetic information, with methylation (5meC) and hydroxymethylation (5hmC) having received most attention. It has been proposed that the formation of 5hmC is an intermediate in the active demethylation of 5meC. Some
PMID 23691085

Polo-like kinase 1 is essential for the first mitotic division in the mouse embryo.

Baran V, Solc P, Kovarikova V, Rehak P, Sutovsky P.SourceInstitute of Animal Physiology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Kosice, Slovakia.
Molecular reproduction and development.Mol Reprod Dev.2013 May 6. doi: 10.1002/mrd.22188. [Epub ahead of print]
Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1), a member of the serine/threonine protein kinases family, is involved in multiple steps of mitotic progression. It regulates centrosome maturation, mitotic spindle formation, and cytokinesis. While studied extensively in somatic cells, little is known about PLK1 activities
PMID 23649868

The Nucleolus in the Mouse Oocyte is Required for the Early Step of Both Female and Male Pronucleus Organization

Ogushi Sugako,Saitou Mitinori
The Journal of reproduction and development 56(5), 495-501, 2010-10-01
… When we put the nucleolus back into oocytes lacking a nucleolus at the germinal vesicle (GV) stage and at second metaphase (MII), these oocytes were fertilized, formed pronuclei with nucleoli and developed to full term. … Moreover, the zygotes without nucleoli showed a disorder of higher chromatin organization not only in the female pronucleus but also, interestingly, in the male pronucleus. …
NAID 10027571739

Nuclear Profiles of H3 Histones Trimethylated on Lys27 in Bovine (Bos taurus) Embryos Obtained after In Vitro Fertilization or Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer

Breton Amandine,Le Bourhis Daniel,Audouard Christophe [他],VIGNON Xavier,LELIEVRE Jean-Marc
The Journal of reproduction and development 56(4), 379-388, 2010-08-01
… H3K27me3 labeling is initially asymmetrical between pronuclei in mammalian embryos, and then it is remodeled during early development. … However, in mouse embryos obtained after somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), H3K27me3 histones inherited from the somatic female cell and associated with X chromosome inactivation have been reported to escape remodeling. … In female IVF blastocysts, a somatic-like female profile appeared in 21% of the trophoblast cells. …
NAID 10026621465

Similar DNA Methylation and Histone H3 Lysine 9 Dimethylation Patterns in Tripronuclear and Corrected Bipronuclear Human Zygotes

Chen Xinjie,Fan Yong,Long Xiaolin [他],SUN Xiaofang
The Journal of reproduction and development 56(3), 324-329, 2010-06-01
… After fertilization, male and female gametes undergo extensive reprogramming to restore totipotency. … We found that active DNA demethylation of the two male pronuclei occurred in tripronuclear human zygotes while the female pronucleus remained methylated at 20 h post-insemination. … In tripronuclear human zygotes, H3K9 was hypomethylated in the two paternal pronuclei relative to the maternal pronucleus. …
NAID 10026434209