WordNet
- having an (over)abundance of flesh; "he hadnt remembered how fat she was"
- a soft greasy substance occurring in organic tissue and consisting of a mixture of lipids (mostly triglycerides); "pizza has too much fat"
- marked by great fruitfulness; "fertile farmland"; "a fat land"; "a productive vineyard"; "rich soil" (同)fertile, productive, rich
- lucrative; "a juicy contract"; "a nice fat job" (同)juicy
- having a relatively large diameter; "a fat rope"
- the syllable naming the fourth (subdominant) note of the diatonic scale in solmization
- distributing again; "the revolution resulted in a redistribution of wealth"
PrepTutorEJDIC
- 『脂肪』,脂肪分 / (動物の)あぶら身 / (料理用の)油,ヘット / 肥満,太り過ぎ / 『太った』,肥満した / 『脂肪の多い』 / たっぷりとはいった,分厚い / もうかる / (土地が)肥えた / …‘を'太らせる / ふとる,肥える
- ファ(全音階の第4音)
- 宿命の,破滅を運命づけられた,運のつきた
- farad / forte
Wikipedia preview
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/02/09 23:19:36」(JST)
[Wiki en表示]
| Lipodystrophy |
| Classification and external resources |
| Specialty |
endocrinology |
| ICD-10 |
E88.1 |
| ICD-9-CM |
272.6 |
| DiseasesDB |
30066 |
| eMedicine |
med/1307 med/3523 |
| MeSH |
D008060 |
|
[edit on Wikidata]
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Lipodystrophy is a medical condition characterized by abnormal or degenerative conditions of the body's adipose tissue. ("Lipo" is Greek for "fat", and "dystrophy" is Greek for "abnormal or degenerative condition".) A more specific term, lipoatrophy, is used when describing the loss of fat from one area (usually the face). This condition is also characterized by a lack of circulating leptin which may lead to osteosclerosis.
Contents
- 1 Types
- 2 Insulin injections
- 3 Antiretroviral drugs
- 4 Hereditary forms
- 5 See also
- 6 References
- 7 External links
Types
Lipodystrophy can be divided into the following types:[1]:495–7
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- Congenital lipodystrophies
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- Congenital generalized lipodystrophy (Beradinelli-Seip syndrome)
- Familial partial lipodystrophy
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- Acquired partial lipodystrophy (Barraquer-Simons syndrome)
- Acquired generalized lipodystrophy
- Centrifugal abdominal lipodystrophy (Lipodystrophia centrifugalis abdominalis infantilis)
- Lipoatrophia annularis (Ferreira-Marques lipoatrophia)
- Localized lipodystrophy
- HIV-associated lipodystrophy
Insulin injections
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This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (July 2013) |
A lipodystrophy can be a lump or small dent in the skin that forms when a person performs injections repeatedly in the same spot. These types of lipodystrophies are harmless and can be avoided by changing (rotating) the locations of injections. For those with diabetes, using purified insulins may also help.
One of the side-effects of lipodystrophy is the rejection of the injected medication, the slowing down of the absorption of the medication, or trauma that can cause bleeding that, in turn, will reject the medication. In any of these scenarios, the dosage of the medication, such as insulin for diabetics, becomes impossible to gauge correctly and the treatment of the disease for which the medication is administered is impaired, thereby allowing the medical condition to worsen.
In some cases, rotation of the injection sites may not be enough to prevent lipodystrophy.
Antiretroviral drugs
Main article: HIV-associated lipodystrophy
Lipodystrophies can be a possible side effect of antiretroviral drugs. Other lipodystrophies manifest as lipid redistribution, with excess, or lack of, fat in various regions of the body. These include, but are not limited to, having sunken cheeks and/or "humps" on the back or back of the neck (also referred to as buffalo hump)[2] which also exhibits due to excess cortisol. Lipoatrophy is most commonly seen in patients treated with thymidine analogue nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors [3] like zidovudine (AZT) and stavudine (d4T).[4]
Hereditary forms
Lipodystrophy can be caused by metabolic abnormalities due to genetic issues. These are often characterized by insulin resistance and are associated with metabolic syndrome.
See also
References
- ^ James, William D.; Berger, Timothy G.; et al. (2006). Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: clinical Dermatology. Saunders Elsevier. ISBN 0-7216-2921-0.
- ^ Physical and Biochemical Changes in HIV Disease Eric S. Daar, M.D. MedicineNet, Accessed 22 September 2007
- ^ Carr, A; Workman, C; Smith, DE; Hoy, J; Hudson, J; Doong, N; Martin, A; Amin, J; Freund, J; Law, M; Cooper, DA; Mitochondrial Toxicity (MITOX) Study, Group (Jul 10, 2002). "Abacavir substitution for nucleoside analogs in patients with HIV lipoatrophy: a randomized trial.". JAMA: the Journal of the American Medical Association 288 (2): 207–15. doi:10.1001/jama.288.2.207. PMID 12095385.
- ^ John, M; McKinnon, EJ; James, IR; Nolan, DA; Herrmann, SE; Moore, CB; White, AJ; Mallal, SA (May 1, 2003). "Randomized, controlled, 48-week study of switching stavudine and/or protease inhibitors to combivir/abacavir to prevent or reverse lipoatrophy in HIV-infected patients.". Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) 33 (1): 29–33. doi:10.1097/00126334-200305010-00005. PMID 12792352.
External links
- Lipodystrophy Patient Registry - register to learn from the community!
- DermAtlas 1847886158
- TheBody: The Lipoatrophy Resource Center
- Lipodystrophy United Patient Advocacy
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Inborn error of lipid metabolism: dyslipidemia (E78, 272.0–272.6)
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| Hyperlipidemia |
- Hypercholesterolemia/Hypertriglyceridemia
- Lipoprotein lipase deficiency/Type Ia
- Familial apoprotein CII deficiency/Type Ib
- Familial hypercholesterolemia/Type IIa
- Combined hyperlipidemia/Type IIb
- Familial dysbetalipoproteinemia/Type III
- Familial hypertriglyceridemia/Type IV
- Xanthoma/Xanthomatosis
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| Hypolipoproteinemia |
| Hypoalphalipoproteinemia/HDL |
- Lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase deficiency
- Tangier disease
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| Hypobetalipoproteinemia/LDL |
- Abetalipoproteinemia
- Apolipoprotein B deficiency
- Chylomicron retention disease
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| Lipodystrophy |
- Barraquer–Simons syndrome
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| Other |
- Lipomatosis
- Adiposis dolorosa
- Lipoid proteinosis
- APOA1 familial renal amyloidosis
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Index of inborn errors of metabolism
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|
| Description |
- Metabolism
- Enzymes and pathways: citric acid cycle
- pentose phosphate
- glycoproteins
- glycosaminoglycans
- phospholipid
- cholesterol and steroid
- sphingolipids
- eicosanoids
- amino acid
- urea cycle
- nucleotide
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|
| Disorders |
- Citric acid cycle and electron transport chain
- Glycoprotein
- Proteoglycan
- Fatty-acid
- Phospholipid
- Cholesterol and steroid
- Eicosanoid
- Amino acid
- Purine-pyrimidine
- Heme metabolism
- Symptoms and signs
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| Treatment |
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Disorders of subcutaneous fat (M79.3, 729.3)
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|
| Panniculitis |
| Lobular |
- without vasculitis
- Cold
- Cytophagic histiocytic
- Factitial
- Gouty
- Pancreatic
- Traumatic
- needle-shaped clefts
- Subcutaneous fat necrosis of the newborn
- Sclerema neonatorum
- Post-steroid panniculitis
- Lipodermatosclerosis
- Weber–Christian disease
- Lupus erythematosus panniculitis
- Sclerosing lipogranuloma
- with vasculitis: Nodular vasculitis/Erythema induratum
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| Septal |
- without vasculitis: Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency panniculitis
- Erythema nodosum
- with vasculitis: Superficial thrombophlebitis
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| Lipodystrophy |
| Acquired |
- generalized: Acquired generalized lipodystrophy
- partial: Acquired partial lipodystrophy
- Centrifugal abdominal lipodystrophy
- HIV-associated lipodystrophy
- Lipoatrophia annularis
- localized: Localized lipodystrophy
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| Congenital |
- Congenital generalized lipodystrophy
- Familial partial lipodystrophy
- Poland syndrome
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Index of skin
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|
| Description |
- Anatomy
- Physiology
- Development
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| Disease |
- Infections
- Vesiculobullous
- Dermatitis and eczema
- Papulosquamous
- Urticaria and erythema
- Radiation-related
- Pigmentation
- Mucinoses
- Keratosis, ulcer, atrophy, and necrobiosis
- Vasculitis
- Fat
- Neutrophilic and eosinophilic
- Congenital
- Neoplasms and cancer
- nevi and melanomas
- epidermis
- dermis
- Symptoms and signs
- Terminology
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| Treatment |
- Procedures
- Drugs
- antibiotics
- disinfectants
- emollients and protectives
- itch
- psoriasis
- other
- Wound and ulcer
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UpToDate Contents
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English Journal
- Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ activation favours selective subcutaneous lipid deposition by coordinately regulating lipoprotein lipase modulators, fatty acid transporters and lipogenic enzymes.
- Blanchard PG1, Turcotte V1, Côté M1, Gélinas Y1, Nilsson S2, Olivecrona G2, Deshaies Y1, Festuccia WT3.
- Acta physiologica (Oxford, England).Acta Physiol (Oxf).2016 Jul;217(3):227-239. doi: 10.1111/apha.12665. Epub 2016 Mar 12.
- AIM: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) γ activation is associated with preferential lipoprotein lipase (LPL)-mediated fatty acid storage in peripheral subcutaneous fat depots. How PPARγ agonism acts upon the multi-level modulation of depot-specific lipid storage remains incompletel
- PMID 26918671
- Abdominal fat reducing outcome of exercise training: fat burning or hydrocarbon source redistribution?
- Kuo CH1,2, Harris MB3.
- Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology.Can J Physiol Pharmacol.2016 Jul;94(7):695-8. doi: 10.1139/cjpp-2015-0425. Epub 2016 Mar 5.
- Fat burning, defined by fatty acid oxidation into carbon dioxide, is the most described hypothesis to explain the actual abdominal fat reducing outcome of exercise training. This hypothesis is strengthened by evidence of increased whole-body lipolysis during exercise. As a result, aerobic training i
- PMID 27152424
- Reduced insulin secretion function is associated with pancreatic islet redistribution of cell adhesion molecules (CAMS) in diabetic mice after prolonged high-fat diet.
- Falcão VT1,2, Maschio DA1, de Fontes CC3, Oliveira RB1, Santos-Silva JC1,4, Almeida AC5, Vanzela EC4, Cartaxo MT2, Carvalho CP3, Collares-Buzato CB6.
- Histochemistry and cell biology.Histochem Cell Biol.2016 Jul;146(1):13-31. doi: 10.1007/s00418-016-1428-5. Epub 2016 Mar 28.
- Intercellular junctions play a role in regulating islet cytoarchitecture, insulin biosynthesis and secretion. In this study, we investigated the animal metabolic state as well as islet histology and cellular distribution/expression of CAMs and F-actin in the endocrine pancreas of C57BL/6/JUnib mice
- PMID 27020567
Japanese Journal
- THE SINERGY BETWEEN LASERS AND ADIPOSE SURGERY IN FACE AND NECK REJUVENATION: A NEW APPROACH FROM PERSONAL EXPERIENCE
- A condition for regeneration of a cell chain inspired by the Dachsous-Fat system
- Atypical cadherins Dachsous and Fat control dynamics of noncentrosomal microtubules in planar cell polarity.
Related Links
- Body fat redistribution (BFR) syndrome, sometimes called fat derangement, is a medical condition characterized by fat loss (or occasionally fat gain), often in the cheeks or face. BFR most often occurs in HIV/AIDS patients undergoing ...
- HIV Medications work, extending the lives of HIV infected people. But they are not witout their side effects. Lipodystrophy is one of those side effects. Fat redistribution to the neck and back has made lipodystrophy a very distressing condition.
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