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- 室頂核
WordNet
- a part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and responsible for growth and reproduction (同)cell_nucleus, karyon
- (astronomy) the center of the head of a comet; consists of small solid particles of ice and frozen gas that vaporizes on approaching the sun to form the coma and tail
- any histologically identifiable mass of neural cell bodies in the brain or spinal cord
- the positively charged dense center of an atom
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- 中心,核 / (生物の)細胞核 / 原子核
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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/10/02 12:07:53」(JST)
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| Fastigial nucleus |
|
Cross-section of the cerebellum. Fastigial nucleus labeled at top-right.
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| Identifiers |
| NeuroLex ID |
Fastigial nucleus |
| TA |
A14.1.07.411 |
| FMA |
72537 |
| Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy |
The fastigial nucleus or nucleus fastigii is located in the cerebellum. It is one of the four deep cerebellar nuclei (the others being the nucleus dentatus, nucleus emboliformis and nucleus globosus), and is grey matter embedded in the white matter of the cerebellum.
It refers specifically to the concentration of gray matter nearest to the middle line at the anterior end of the superior vermis, and immediately over the roof of the fourth ventricle, from which it is separated by a thin layer of white matter.[1] It is smaller than the nucleus dentatus, but somewhat larger than the nucleus emboliformis and nucleus globosus. The fastigial nucleus is the smallest in size, with the dentate being the largest and the interposed being intermediate in size.
Although it is one dense mass, it is made up of two sections: the rostral fastigial nucleus and the caudal fastigial nucleus.
Contents
- 1 Structure
- 1.1 Rostral fastigial nucleus
- 1.2 Caudal fastigial nucleus
- 2 References
- 3 External links
Structure
The Purkinje cells of the cerebellar cortex project into the deep cerebellar nuclei and inhibit the excitatory output system via GABAergic synapses. The fastigial nucleus receives its input from Purkinje cells in the vermis. Most of its efferent connections travel via the inferior cerebellar peduncle to the vestibular nuclei, which are located at the junction of the pons and the medulla oblongata.
The fastigial nucleus sends excitatory projections beyond the cerebellum. The likely neurotransmitters of fastigial nucleus axons are glutamate and aspartate.
Rostral fastigial nucleus
The rostral fastigial nucleus (rFN) is related to the vestibular system. It receives input from the vestibular nuclei and contributes to vestibular neuronal activity. The rFN interprets body motion and places it on spatial planes to estimate the movement of the body through space.[2] It deals with antigravity muscle groups and other synergies involved with standing and walking.[3]
Caudal fastigial nucleus
The caudal fastigial nucleus (cFN) is related to saccadic eye movements. The Purkinje cell output from the oculomotor vermis relays through the cFN, where neurons directly related to saccadic eye movements are located.[4]
References
This article incorporates text in the public domain from the 20th edition of Gray's Anatomy (1918)
- Online Medical Dictionary entry
- ^ John K. Harting, Ph.D. (1997). "The Global Cerebellum '97". University of Wisconsin Medical School. Retrieved 2007-06-28.
- ^ Brooks & Cullen, <http://www.jneurosci.org/content/29/34/10499.full.pdf> [Multimodal integration in rostral fastigial nucleus provides an estimate of body movement], 2009
- ^ James D. Geyer, Janice M. Keating, Daniel C. Potts (1998). Neurology for the Boards. Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven. p. 9.
- ^ Kleine, Guan, & Buttner, <http://jn.physiology.org/content/90/5/3137.full.pdf+html> [Saccade-related neurons in the primate fastigial nucleus: what do they encode?], 2003
External links
- Illustration and text: cere/text/P5/fastig.htm at the University of Wisconsin-Madison Medical school
- http://www.mona.uwi.edu/fpas/courses/physiology/neurophysiology/Cerebellum.htm
- http://www.lib.mcg.edu/edu/eshuphysio/program/section8/8ch6/s8ch6_29.htm
- NIF Search - Fastigial Nucleus via the Neuroscience Information Framework
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Anatomy of the cerebellum
|
|
| Surface |
| Lobes |
- Anterior lobe
- Posterior lobe
- Flocculonodular lobe
- Primary fissure
|
|
| Medial/lateral |
- Vermis: anterior
- Central lobule
- Culmen
- Lingula
- posterior
- Vallecula of cerebellum
- Hemisphere: anterior
- posterior
- Biventer lobule
- Cerebellar tonsil
|
|
|
| Grey matter |
| Deep cerebellar nuclei |
- Dentate
- interposed
- Fastigial
|
|
| Cerebellar cortex |
- Molecular layer
- Stellate cell
- Basket cell
- Purkinje cell layer
- Purkinje cell
- Bergmann glia cell = Golgi epithelial cell
- Granule cell layer
- Golgi cell
- Granule cell
- Unipolar brush cell
- Fibers: Mossy fibers
- Climbing fiber
- Parallel fiber
|
|
|
| White matter |
| Internal |
|
|
| Peduncles |
- Inferior (medulla): Dorsal spinocerebellar tract
- Olivocerebellar tract
- Cuneocerebellar tract
- Juxtarestiform body (Vestibulocerebellar tract)
- Trigeminocerebellar fibers
- Middle (pons): Pontocerebellar fibers
- Superior (midbrain): Ventral spinocerebellar tract
- Dentatothalamic tract
|
|
|
|
Index of the central nervous system
|
|
| Description |
- Anatomy
- meninges
- cortex
- association fibers
- commissural fibers
- lateral ventricles
- basal ganglia
- diencephalon
- mesencephalon
- pons
- cerebellum
- medulla
- spinal cord
- Physiology
- Development
|
|
| Disease |
- Cerebral palsy
- Meningitis
- Demyelinating diseases
- Seizures and epilepsy
- Headache
- Stroke
- Sleep
- Congenital
- Injury
- Neoplasms and cancer
- Other
- Symptoms and signs
- head and neck
- eponymous
- lesions
- Tests
|
|
| Treatment |
- Procedures
- Drugs
- general anesthetics
- analgesics
- addiction
- epilepsy
- cholinergics
- migraine
- Parkinson's
- vertigo
- other
|
|
|
|
Brain and spinal cord: neural tracts and fasciculi
|
|
Sensory/
ascending |
| PCML |
| 1°: |
- Pacinian corpuscle/Meissner's corpuscle → Posterior column (Gracile fasciculus/Cuneate fasciculus) → Gracile nucleus/Cuneate nucleus
|
|
| 2°: |
- → sensory decussation/arcuate fibers (Posterior external arcuate fibers, Internal arcuate fibers) → Medial lemniscus/Trigeminal lemniscus → Thalamus (VPL, VPM)
|
|
| 3°: |
- → Posterior limb of internal capsule → Postcentral gyrus
|
|
|
Anterolateral/
pain |
| Fast/lateral |
- 1° (Free nerve ending → A delta fiber) → 2° (Anterior white commissure → Lateral and Anterior Spinothalamic tract → Spinal lemniscus → VPL of Thalamus) → 3° (Postcentral gyrus) → 4° (Posterior parietal cortex)
2° (Spinomesencephalic tract → Superior colliculus of Midbrain tectum)
|
|
| Slow/medial |
- 1° (Group C nerve fiber → Spinoreticular tract → Reticular formation) → 2° (MD of Thalamus) → 3° (Cingulate cortex)
|
|
|
|
Motor/
descending |
| Pyramidal |
- flexion: Primary motor cortex → Posterior limb of internal capsule → Decussation of pyramids → Corticospinal tract (Lateral, Anterior) → Neuromuscular junction
|
|
| Extrapyramidal |
| flexion: |
- Primary motor cortex → Genu of internal capsule → Corticobulbar tract → Facial motor nucleus → Facial muscles
|
|
| flexion: |
- Red nucleus → Rubrospinal tract
|
|
| extension: |
- Vestibulocerebellum → Vestibular nuclei → Vestibulospinal tract
|
|
| extension: |
- Vestibulocerebellum → Reticular formation → Reticulospinal tract
|
|
- Midbrain tectum → Tectospinal tract → muscles of neck
|
|
|
| Basal ganglia |
| direct: |
1° (Motor cortex → Striatum) → 2° (GPi) → 3° (Lenticular fasciculus/Ansa lenticularis → Thalamic fasciculus → VL of Thalamus) → 4° (Thalamocortical radiations → Supplementary motor area) → 5° (Motor cortex)
|
|
| indirect: |
1° (Motor cortex → Striatum) → 2° (GPe) → 3° (Subthalamic fasciculus → Subthalamic nucleus) → 4° (Subthalamic fasciculus → GPi) → 5° (Lenticular fasciculus/Ansa lenticularis → Thalamic fasciculus → VL of Thalamus) → 6° (Thalamocortical radiations → Supplementary motor area) → 7° (Motor cortex)
|
|
| nigrostriatal pathway: |
|
|
|
|
| Cerebellar |
| Afferent |
- Vestibular nuclei → Vestibulocerebellar tract → ICP → Cerebellum → Granule cell
- Pontine nuclei → Pontocerebellar fibers → MCP → Deep cerebellar nuclei → Granule cell
- Inferior olivary nucleus → Olivocerebellar tract → ICP → Hemisphere → Purkinje cell → Deep cerebellar nuclei
|
|
| Efferent |
- Dentate nucleus in Lateral hemisphere/pontocerebellum → SCP → Dentatothalamic tract → Thalamus (VL) → Motor cortex
- Interposed nucleus in Intermediate hemisphere/spinocerebellum → SCP → Reticular formation, or → Cerebellothalamic tract → Red nucleus → Thalamus (VL) → Motor cortex
- Fastigial nucleus in Flocculonodular lobe/vestibulocerebellum → Vestibulocerebellar tract → Vestibular nuclei
|
|
Bidirectional:
Spinocerebellar |
Unconscious
proprioception |
- lower limb → 1° (muscle spindles → DRG) → 2° (Posterior thoracic nucleus → Dorsal/posterior spinocerebellar tract → ICP → Cerebellar vermis)
- upper limb → 1° (muscle spindles → DRG) → 2° (Accessory cuneate nucleus → Cuneocerebellar tract → ICP → Anterior lobe of cerebellum)
|
|
| Reflex arc |
- lower limb → 1° (Golgi tendon organ) → 2° (Ventral/anterior spinocerebellar tract→ SCP → Cerebellar vermis)
- upper limb → 1° (Golgi tendon organ) → 2° (Rostral spinocerebellar tract → ICP → Cerebellum)
|
|
|
|
|
Index of the central nervous system
|
|
| Description |
- Anatomy
- meninges
- cortex
- association fibers
- commissural fibers
- lateral ventricles
- basal ganglia
- diencephalon
- mesencephalon
- pons
- cerebellum
- medulla
- spinal cord
- Physiology
- Development
|
|
| Disease |
- Cerebral palsy
- Meningitis
- Demyelinating diseases
- Seizures and epilepsy
- Headache
- Stroke
- Sleep
- Congenital
- Injury
- Neoplasms and cancer
- Other
- Symptoms and signs
- head and neck
- eponymous
- lesions
- Tests
|
|
| Treatment |
- Procedures
- Drugs
- general anesthetics
- analgesics
- addiction
- epilepsy
- cholinergics
- migraine
- Parkinson's
- vertigo
- other
|
|
|
UpToDate Contents
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English Journal
- Functional connectivity of the dorsal and median raphe nuclei at rest.
- Beliveau V1, Svarer C2, Frokjaer VG2, Knudsen GM1, Greve DN3, Fisher PM4.
- NeuroImage.Neuroimage.2015 Aug 1;116:187-95. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.04.065. Epub 2015 May 9.
- Serotonin (5-HT) is a neurotransmitter critically involved in a broad range of brain functions and implicated in the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric illnesses including major depression, anxiety and sleep disorders. Despite being widely distributed throughout the brain, there is limited knowledg
- PMID 25963733
- Thalamic structures and associated cognitive functions: Relations with age and aging.
- Fama R1, Sullivan EV2.
- Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews.Neurosci Biobehav Rev.2015 Jul;54:29-37. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2015.03.008. Epub 2015 Apr 9.
- The thalamus, with its cortical, subcortical, and cerebellar connections, is a critical node in networks supporting cognitive functions known to decline in normal aging, including component processes of memory and executive functions of attention and information processing. The macrostructure, micro
- PMID 25862940
- Fractional anisotropy in the substantia nigra in Parkinson's disease: a complex picture.
- Lenfeldt N1, Larsson A2, Nyberg L2,3, Birgander R2, Forsgren L1.
- European journal of neurology : the official journal of the European Federation of Neurological Societies.Eur J Neurol.2015 Jun 29. doi: 10.1111/ene.12760. [Epub ahead of print]
- BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: This study employs magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) diffusion tensor imaging to compare diffusion measures in the brains of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) with healthy controls using longitudinal data.METHODS: One-hundred and twenty-two patients and 34 controls were i
- PMID 26118635
Japanese Journal
- 清水 重敬,小川 恭生,大塚 康司,稲垣 太郎,鈴木 衞
- 耳鼻咽喉科臨床 107(11), 867-873, 2014
- … Hence, the vestibular nucleus, abducens nucleus, oculomotor nerve nucleus, and medial longitudinal fasciculus were considered to be lesion-free. … (3) Because hypermetria was observed during the saccade, we suspected damage to the cerebellar fastigial nucleus. …
- NAID 130004707176
- 小脳と眼球運動―視標追跡眼球運動をモデルとした基礎研究と臨床応用―
- 福島 菊郎,福島 順子,伊藤 規絵,竹井 秀敏,池野 邦弘,Olley Peter M,千葉 進,小林 信義,井上 聖啓,蕨 建夫
- 臨床神経学 52(11), 1001-1005, 2012
- 運動の協調と学習に必須である小脳は随意運動の企画と認知機能にも関与する．Smooth-pursuitは追跡対象からの視覚情報の取り込みに重要な随意性眼球運動で小脳はこの運動の発現にもかかわる．視覚情報の作業記憶，運動準備，実行にかかわる脳内処理を時間的に乖離させた記憶追跡課題をもちいてsmooth-pursuitの主要経路に表現される信号をサルでしらべた結果，小脳背側虫部VI～VII葉-室頂核経路 …
- NAID 130004505038
- Trans-postpyramidal Fissure Approach for Ventral Vermian Cavernous Hemangioma : Case Report
- , , , , , ,
- Neurologia medico-chirurgica = 神経外科 51(5), 371-375, 2011-05-15
- A 54-year-old man presented with a rare case of cavernous angioma located in the ventral vermis manifesting as sudden onset of vertigo, followed by cerebellar ataxia. T1-weighted magnetic resonance im …
- NAID 10029137978
Related Links
- nucleus [noo´kle-us] (pl. nu´clei) (L.) 1. cell nucleus; a spheroid body within a cell, contained in a double membrane, the nuclear envelope, and containing the chromosomes and one or more nucleoli. The contents are collectively ...
- nu·cle·us (no o′klē-əs, nyo o′-) n. pl. nu·cle·i (-klē-ī′) or nu·cle·us·es 1. A central or essential part around which other parts are gathered or grouped; a core: the nucleus of a city. 2. Something regarded as a basis for future ...
Related Pictures
★リンクテーブル★
[★]
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- fastigial nucleus
- 英
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[★]
室頂核
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- fastigial nucleus
[★]
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