WordNet

the plane of a facet of an object (as of a cube)
turn so as to face; turn the face in a certain direction; "Turn and face your partner now"
a vertical surface of a building or cliff
the general outward appearance of something; "the face of the city is changing"
the side upon which the use of a thing depends (usually the most prominent surface of an object); "he dealt the cards face down"
the striking or working surface of an implement
the front of the human head from the forehead to the chin and ear to ear; "he washed his face"; "I wish I had seen the look on his face when he got the news" (同)human face
a part of a person that is used to refer to a person; "he looked out at a roomful of faces"; "when he returned to work he met many new faces"
status in the eyes of others; "he lost face"
the part of an animal corresponding to the human face
be opposite; "the facing page"; "the two sofas face each other"
cover the front or surface of; "The building was faced with beautiful stones"
line the edge (of a garment) with a different material; "face the lapels of the jacket"
turn so as to expose the face; "face a playing card"
make even or smooth, with or as with a carpenters plane; "plane the top of the door"
(mathematics) an unbounded two-dimensional shape; "we will refer to the plane of the graph as the X-Y plane"; "any line joining two points on a plane lies wholly on that plane" (同)sheet
a level of existence or development; "he lived on a worldly plane"
a carpenters hand tool with an adjustable blade for smoothing or shaping wood; "the cabinetmaker used a plane for the finish work" (同)carpenter''s plane, woodworking plane
a power tool for smoothing or shaping wood (同)planer, planing machine
cut or remove with or as if with a plane; "The machine shaved off fine layers from the piece of wood" (同)shave
travel on the surface of water (同)skim
make plans for something; "He is planning a trip with his family"
scale drawing of a structure; "the plans for City Hall were on file" (同)architectural plan
a series of steps to be carried out or goals to be accomplished; "they drew up a six-step plan"; "they discussed plans for a new bond issue" (同)program, programme
have the will and intention to carry out some action; "He plans to be in graduate school next year"; "The rebels had planned turmoil and confusion" (同)be after
make or work out a plan for; devise; "They contrived to murder their boss"; "design a new sales strategy"; "plan an attack" (同)project, contrive, design
a smooth surface (as of a bone or cut gemstone)
having facets; "a faceted diamond"

PrepTutorEJDIC

〈C〉『顔』 / 〈C〉表情,顔つき / 〈C〉(物の)『表面』(surface),(建物の)正面(front),(貨幣・カードなどの)表《+『of』+『名』》 / 〈C〉(…の)外観,様子《+『of』+『名』》 / 〈U〉面目,面子(めんつ) / 〈C〉(多角面体の)面 / 〈C〉(活字・版の)面(印刷する部分);(活字の)書体 / 〈C〉(鉱山の)採掘現場 / …‘に'『面する』,‘の'ほうを向く / (…のほうに)…‘を'向ける《+『名』+『toward』+『名』》 / 〈人が〉〈危険など〉‘に'直面する,立ち向かう,対抗する;〈危険などが〉〈人〉‘に'迫る / 〈事実・現実など〉‘を'直視する,認める / (…で)〈壁など〉‘に'上塗り(上張り)をする《+『名』+『with』+『名』》 / (ある場所・方角に)面する,向く《+『on』(『to』,『toward』)+『名』》
『平面』,水平面 / 『水準』,程度 / 《話》『飛行機』 / (面が)平らな,平たんな / 平面の,平面図形の;平面上にある / 〈飛行機〉滑走する
かんな / …‘に'かんなをかける;…‘を'平らにする / かんなをかける
=plane tree
『計画』,『案』,プラン,設計 / 『設計図』,『図面』;(小区域の)地図,市街図 / …‘を'『計画する』,‘の'案を立てる / …の設計図をかく,‘を'設計する / 計画を立てる
(宝石・結晶などのなめらかな)面,切り子面 / (物事の)面(aspect)

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

1. 成人における脊髄損傷：定義、機序、および放射線学的所見 spinal column injuries in adults definitions mechanisms and radiographs
2. 皮膚黄色腫 cutaneous xanthomas
3. 右心の心エコー評価 echocardiographic assessment of the right heart
4. 小児または思春期のアスリートにおける頸部の筋骨格損傷の概要 overview of musculoskeletal neck injuries in the child or adolescent athlete
5. 頭皮、頸部および胴部の神経ブロック：手技 nerve blocks of the scalp neck and trunk techniques

English Journal

High-Mobility Bi2Se3 Nanoplates Manifesting Quantum Oscillations of Surface States in the Sidewalls.

Yan Y1, Wang LX1, Ke X2, Van Tendeloo G3, Wu XS4, Yu DP4, Liao ZM4.Author information 11] State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Department of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P.R. China [2].21] EMAT (Electron Microscopy for Materials Science), University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium [2].3EMAT (Electron Microscopy for Materials Science), University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium.41] State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Department of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P.R. China [2] Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing, P.R. China.AbstractMagnetotransport measurements of topological insulators are very important to reveal the exotic topological surface states for spintronic applications. However, the novel properties related to the surface Dirac fermions are usually accompanied by a large linear magnetoresistance under perpendicular magnetic field, which makes the identification of the surface states obscure. Here, we report prominent Shubnikov-de Haas (SdH) oscillations under an in-plane magnetic field, which are identified to originate from the surface states in the sidewalls of topological insulator Bi2Se3 nanoplates. Importantly, the SdH oscillations appear with a dramatically weakened magnetoresistance background, offering an easy path to probe the surface states directly when the coexistence of surface states and bulk conduction is inevitable. Moreover, under a perpendicular magnetic field, the oscillations in Hall conductivity have peak-to-valley amplitudes of 2 e(2)/h, giving confidence to achieve a quantum Hall effect in this system. A cross-section view of the nanoplate shows that the sidewall is (015) facet dominant and therefore forms a 58° angle with regard to the top/bottom surface instead of being perpendicular; this gives credit to the surface states' behavior as two-dimensional transport.
Scientific reports.Sci Rep.2014 Jan 22;4:3817. doi: 10.1038/srep03817.
Magnetotransport measurements of topological insulators are very important to reveal the exotic topological surface states for spintronic applications. However, the novel properties related to the surface Dirac fermions are usually accompanied by a large linear magnetoresistance under perpendicular
PMID 24448629

Kinematic MRI to Define the Cervical Facet Joint Space for the Spine in Neutral & Torsion.

Jaumard NV, Udupa JK, Welch WC, Winkelstein BA.Author information 1Department of Neurosurgery 2Department of Bioengineering 3Medical Image Processing Group, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104.AbstractStudy Design. Prospectively acquire magnetic resonance images of the neck in normal subjects and radiculopathy patients to measure and compare measures of the facet joint space thickness and volume..Objective. The goal was to determine if there is any difference in facet joint architecture between the two populations with the head in each of neutral and pain-eliciting rotation.Summary of Background Data. Degeneration and altered mechanics of the facet joint can result in pathological nerve root compression and pain. Although lumbar facet joint space thinning has been reported in the context of low back pain, few studies have quantified the cervical facet joint space, especially in the context of pain.Methods. The cervical spine of eight symptomatic and ten asymptomatic subjects were imaged in the sagittal plane in a 3T magnetic resonance scanner using a T2-pulse sequence optimized for bone imaging. The facet joint space was identified and segmented in the acquired images. The thickness and volume of the facet joint space, and their changes between positions, were computed from the 3D representation for all cervical levels on both sides.Results. Generally, the facet joint space thickness and volume were smaller in the symptomatic subjects than in the asymptomatic subjects. The differences were more robust on the left, especially in neutral and left torsion. The changes in both volume and thickness from neutral to torsion were also different in sign and magnitude at isolated joint levels between the two populations.Conclusion. Quantification of the facet joint space architecture in the cervical spine of radiculopathy patients is feasible using standard MRI sequences. Measurements of the facet space thickness and volume, and their changes, from both pain-free and painful positions, can provide context for localizing potential sources of painful tissue loading.
Spine.Spine (Phila Pa 1976).2014 Jan 14. [Epub ahead of print]
Study Design. Prospectively acquire magnetic resonance images of the neck in normal subjects and radiculopathy patients to measure and compare measures of the facet joint space thickness and volume..Objective. The goal was to determine if there is any difference in facet joint architecture between t
PMID 24430715

Comparative effectiveness of surgical versus nonoperative management of unilateral, nondisplaced, subaxial cervical spine facet fractures without evidence of spinal cord injury.

Aarabi B, Mirvis S, Shanmuganathan K, Vaccaro AR, Holmes CJ, Akhtar-Danesh N, Fehlings MG, Dvorak MF.Author information Departments of Neurosurgery and.AbstractObject Facet joints are major stabilizers of cervical motion allowing for effortless and pain-free multidimensional cervical spine movements without significant linear or rotational translation, thus minimizing any chance for spinal cord or nerve root impingement. Unilateral, nondisplaced subaxial facet fractures do not meet the conventional criteria for spinal instability under physiological loads. Limited evidence indicates that even with no or minimal displacement, 20%-80% of these fractures fail nonoperative management. The risk factors for instability in isolated nondisplaced subaxial facet fractures remain uncertain. In this retrospective study of prospectively collected data, the authors attempted to identify the predictors of failure in the management of isolated, nondisplaced subaxial facet fractures admitted to their Level I trauma center over a 10-year period. Methods Demographic, clinical, imaging, and follow-up data for 25 patients with unilateral nondisplaced subaxial facet fractures who were managed surgically (n = 10) or nonoperatively (n = 15) were statistically analyzed. Results The mean age of the patients was 38 years, 19 were male, and 21 of the fractures were the result of either motor vehicle accidents or falls. The mean motor score on the American Spinal Injury Association scale was 99.2, and the mean Subaxial Injury Classification (SLIC) severity score was 3 (operated 3.5, nonoperated 2.3). Allen mechanistic classification included 22 compressive-extension Stage 1 and 2 distractive-extension Stage 1 fractures. Subaxial facet fractures involved C-7 in 17 patients (68%), C-6 in 7 (28%), and C-3 in 1 (4%). The anatomical plane of fracture through the lateral mass was sagittal in 12 patients, axial in 8, and coronal in 3 patients. Nondisplaced floating lateral mass injuries were noted in 2 patients. The mean instability score, considering 7 components of the discoligamentous complex on MRI, was 3.2 (operated 3.6, nonoperated 3.0). Ten (40%) of 25 patients in this investigation did not have successful management, 9 in the nonoperated and 1 in the operated group (p = 0.018). Unsuccessful management was significantly greater in younger patients (p = 0.0008), possibly indicating selection bias (p = 0.07, Wilcoxon ranksum test). Fracture plane, instability, and SLIC scores did not play a significant role in treatment failure in this study. Conclusions In this study, surgery was superior to nonoperative management of isolated, nondisplaced, or minimally displaced subaxial cervical spine facet fractures.
Journal of neurosurgery. Spine.J Neurosurg Spine.2014 Jan 3. [Epub ahead of print]
Object Facet joints are major stabilizers of cervical motion allowing for effortless and pain-free multidimensional cervical spine movements without significant linear or rotational translation, thus minimizing any chance for spinal cord or nerve root impingement. Unilateral, nondisplaced subaxial f
PMID 24405465

Japanese Journal

Radiation-induced segregation and corrosion behavior on Sigma 3 coincidence site lattice and random grain boundaries in proton-irradiated type-316L austenitic stainless steel

Sakaguchi N.,Endo M.,Watanabe S.,Kinoshita H.,Yamashita S.,Kokawa H.
Journal of Nuclear Materials 434(1-3), 65-71, 2013-03-00
… At faceted Sigma 3 CSL boundaries, chromium depletion occurred at the asymmetrical boundary facet plane whereas no RIS was observed at the coherent twin boundary. … At the faceted Sigma 3 CSL boundaries, the discontinuous groove along the asymmetric facet plane was completely disrupted by the non-corrosive coherent twin boundary. …
NAID 120005228651

Fabrication and Evaluation of GaN Layer Composed of m- and \{10\bar{1}1\} Facet Structure

Okada Narihito,Takami Masaki,Yamada Yoichi,Tadatomo Kazuyuki
Jpn J Appl Phys 52(1), 01AF06-01AF06-3, 2013-01-25
… We grew a GaN layer on a -6.5°-off-angle n-plane patterned sapphire substrate (PSS) by selective-area growth from a sapphire sidewall. … The peak wavelength of the MQWs on the \{10\bar{1}1\} facet of 440 nm was longer than that in the case of 405 nm on the m-facet. …
NAID 150000106329

Surface cracking on Σ3, Σ9 CSL and random grain boundaries in helium implanted 316L austenitic stainless steel

Sakaguchi N.,Ohguchi Y.,Shibayama T.,Watanabe S.,Kinoshita H.
Journal of Nuclear Materials 432(1-3), 23-27, 2013-01-00
… At the faceted CSL boundaries, surface cracking occurred only on one boundary facet plane. …
NAID 120005228665