WordNet

undergo a test; "She doesnt test well"
any standardized procedure for measuring sensitivity or memory or intelligence or aptitude or personality etc; "the test was standardized on a large sample of students" (同)mental test, mental testing, psychometric test
the act of undergoing testing; "he survived the great test of battle"; "candidates must compete in a trial of skill" (同)trial
the act of testing something; "in the experimental trials the amount of carbon was measured separately"; "he called each flip of the coin a new trial" (同)trial, run
a hard outer covering as of some amoebas and sea urchins
put to the test, as for its quality, or give experimental use to; "This approach has been tried with good results"; "Test this recipe" (同)prove, try, try out, examine, essay
achieve a certain score or rating on a test; "She tested high on the LSAT and was admitted to all the good law schools"
determine the presence or properties of (a substance)
show a certain characteristic when tested; "He tested positive for HIV"
the force applied to a unit area of surface; measured in pascals (SI unit) or in dynes (cgs unit); "the compressed gas exerts an increased pressure" (同)pressure level, force per unit area
an oppressive condition of physical or mental or social or economic distress
the somatic sensation that results from applying force to an area of skin; "the sensitivity of his skin to pressure and temperature was normal" (同)pressure_sensation
a force that compels; "the public brought pressure to bear on the government"
an examination of the characteristics of something; "there are laboratories for commercial testing"; "it involved testing thousands of children for smallpox"
the act of subjecting to experimental test in order to determine how well something works; "they agreed to end the testing of atomic weapons"
tested and proved useful or correct; "a tested method" (同)tried, well-tried
tested and proved to be reliable (同)time-tested, tried, tried and true
the ball-shaped capsule containing the vertebrate eye (同)orb

PrepTutorEJDIC

(人の能力などの)『試験』,考査,テスト / (物事の)『試験』,検済,試錬,実験《+of+名》 / 化学分析;試薬 / =test match / …‘を'『試験する』,検査する / …‘を'化学分析する / (…の)試験を受ける,試験をする《+for+名》
〈U〉『押すこと』,『押しつけること』,圧搾,圧縮;〈C〉〈U〉『圧力』,圧力の強さ / 〈U〉『圧迫』,『強制』 / 〈U〉(不快な)圧迫感 / 〈C〉〈U〉(精神的な)重荷,苦脳;(時間・金銭的)切迫 / 〈U〉多忙,あわただしさ / 《おもに米》…‘に'圧力をかける,強制する(《英》pressurise)
眼球,目玉

UpToDate Contents

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1. Elevated intracranial pressure (ICP) in children: Clinical manifestations and diagnosis
2. 正常圧水頭症 normal pressure hydrocephalus
3. 成人における頭蓋内圧亢進の評価およびマネージメント evaluation and management of elevated intracranial pressure in adults
4. ノンストレス検査および収縮ストレス検査 nonstress test and contraction stress test
5. 成人における24時間携帯血圧および家庭血圧測定ならびに白衣高血圧症 ambulatory and home blood pressure monitoring and white coat hypertension in adults

English Journal

Development and characterization of nano-fiber patch for the treatment of glaucoma.

Gagandeep1, Garg T1, Malik B1, Rath G1, Goyal AK2.Author information 1Department of Pharmaceutics, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India.2Department of Pharmaceutics, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India. Electronic address: amitkumargoyal1979@gmail.com.AbstractIn the present work polymeric nano-fiber patches was developed for the effective treatment of glaucoma using timolol maleate and dorzolamide hydrochloride as model drugs. The nano-fibers were prepared by electrospinning technique and were characterized on the basis of fiber diameter, morphology, entrapment efficiency, mucoadhesive strength, and drug release behavior, etc. Final formulations were inserted in the cul-de-sac of glaucoma induced rabbits and the efficacy of the formulation was evaluated. The results clearly indicated the potential of the developed formulation for occur drug delivery. There was a significant fall in the intraocular pressure compared to commercial eye drops.
European journal of pharmaceutical sciences : official journal of the European Federation for Pharmaceutical Sciences.Eur J Pharm Sci.2014 Mar 12;53:10-6. doi: 10.1016/j.ejps.2013.11.016. Epub 2013 Dec 11.
In the present work polymeric nano-fiber patches was developed for the effective treatment of glaucoma using timolol maleate and dorzolamide hydrochloride as model drugs. The nano-fibers were prepared by electrospinning technique and were characterized on the basis of fiber diameter, morphology, ent
PMID 24333373

Physical inactivity as a risk factor for diabetic retinopathy? A review.

Dirani M1, Crowston JG, van Wijngaarden P.Author information 1Centre for Eye Research Australia, University of Melbourne, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.AbstractPhysical inactivity and sedentary behaviour have been identified as modifiable risk factors for diabetes mellitus. However, little is known of the associations between physical activity, sedentary behaviour and diabetic retinopathy, the most common chronic complication of the disease. The development and progression of diabetic retinopathy are strongly associated with longer duration of diabetes, elevated blood pressure and poor glycaemic control. However these factors only explain a proportion of the risk of retinopathy in individuals with diabetes. Several studies have suggested that physical activity may protect against the development of diabetic retinopathy. Other work has shown that the time spent watching television is independently associated with abnormal retinal vascular signs, which may be of relevance to the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy. Limitations of the existing studies, such as the absence of objective measures of physical activity, a lack of sedentary behaviour measures, the inclusion of only those with type 1 diabetes and a lack of longitudinal data, make it difficult to draw firm conclusions about the strength of these associations. Variations in study design further limit the comparability of these studies. Large longitudinal studies investigating relationships between lifestyle factors, including physical activity and sedentary behaviour, and the onset and progression of diabetic retinopathy are needed to inform early intervention strategies and future research priorities.
Clinical & experimental ophthalmology.Clin Experiment Ophthalmol.2014 Mar 10. doi: 10.1111/ceo.12306. [Epub ahead of print]
Physical inactivity and sedentary behaviour have been identified as modifiable risk factors for diabetes mellitus. However, little is known of the associations between physical activity, sedentary behaviour and diabetic retinopathy, the most common chronic complication of the disease. The developmen
PMID 24612423

Chronic Ocular Hypertensive Rat Model using Microbead Injection: Comparison of Polyurethane, Polymethylmethacrylate, Silica and Polystyene Microbeads.

Rho S1, Park I, Seong GJ, Lee N, Lee CK, Hong S, Kim CY.Author information 1Department of Ophthalmology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA Univertsity , Seongnam , Korea and.AbstractAbstract Purpose: To establish and assess an ocular hypertensive rat model using intracameral injection with various microbeads of different sizes and materials. Methods: Chronic elevation of intraocular pressure (IOP) was induced by the injection of various microbeads into the anterior chamber of Sprague-Dawley rat eyes. We compared the IOPs induced by the injection of different microbeads [7- and 17-µm polyurethane (PU), 7- and 15-µm polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), 13-µm silica, and 15-µm polystyrene (PS)] and selected the appropriate microbeads for a chronic ocular hypertensive model in terms of IOP elevation and adverse events. IOP changes were observed for 4 weeks after microbead injections. Axonal degeneration was assessed with transmission electron microscopic photographs and RGC loss was assessed with retrograde labeling. Results: Seventy-eight rats were included. Three days after a single injection of microbeads, IOPs were increased by 24.0% by 7-µm PU microbeads, 101.8% by 17-µm PU microbeads, 56.6% by 7-µm PMMA microbeads, 22.0% by 15-µm PMMA microbeads, 153.0% by 13-µm silica microbeads, and 34.7% by 15-µm PS microbeads. 17-µm PU microbeads produced constant IOP elevation with good reproducibility (standard deviation of <6.5 mmHg). Silica injected eyes showed severe inflammation. Sustained IOP elevation by two injections of 17-µm PU microbeads resulted in a 42% axon loss and 36.5% RGC loss (p < 0.05, Mann-Whitney U test). Conclusions: PU microbead injections offer an applicable and versatile model for a chronic ocular hypertensive model in rats. Among several biomaterials, PU microbeads produced a more stable IOP elevation without adverse events.
Current eye research.Curr Eye Res.2014 Mar 3. [Epub ahead of print]
Abstract Purpose: To establish and assess an ocular hypertensive rat model using intracameral injection with various microbeads of different sizes and materials. Methods: Chronic elevation of intraocular pressure (IOP) was induced by the injection of various microbeads into the anterior chamber of S
PMID 24588104

Japanese Journal

運動終了後の眼球圧迫および無呼吸による心拍減衰応答

田島多恵子,只野千茅,下瀬良太 [他],与那正栄,内藤祐子,関博之,室増男
体力科學 57(2), 217-224, 2008-04-01
… Object: The purpose of this study was to test the response of the decline in heart rate (HR) induced by compression on the eyeball (eyeball pressure: EP) and voluntary non breath (VNB) after pedaling exercise. …
NAID 110006655081

犬におけるアシュネル眼球圧迫試験

川崎安亮,森山良人
日本獣医師会雑誌 = Journal of the Japan Veterinary Medical Association 57(3), 186-191, 2004-03-20
アシュネル眼球圧迫試験における心拍変動（HRV）を健常な成犬7頭（雑種5種、イングリッシュポインター2頭）で検討した。眼球圧迫は95g/cm2、20秒間とした。HRVの指標には、心電図のRR間隔（RRI）の平均値、標準偏差（SD(R-R))、変動係数（CV(R-R))および瞬時心拍数（IHR）を用いた。RRI時系列（RRIS）は13点単純移動平均法を用いて、短期変動時系列（SS）と長期変動時系列（ …
NAID 10012719900

犬におけるアシュネル眼球圧迫試験

川崎安亮,森山良人
日本獣医師会雑誌 57(3), 186-191, 2004
アシュネル眼球圧迫試験における心拍変動 (HRV) を健常な成犬7頭 (雑種5頭, イングリッシュポインター2頭) で検討した. 眼球圧迫は959/cm2, 20秒間とした. HRVの指標には, 心電図のRR間隔 (RRI) の平均値, 標準偏差 (SDR-R), 変動係数 (CVR- …
NAID 130003848453