外受容の

WordNet

of or relating to exteroception

English Journal

Excitatory conditioning to the interoceptive nicotine stimulus blocks subsequent conditioning to an exteroceptive light stimulus.

Murray JE, Bevins RA.SourceDepartment of Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588-0308, USA. jem98@cam.ac.uk
Behavioural brain research.Behav Brain Res.2011 Aug 1;221(1):314-9. Epub 2011 Mar 17.
Previous research has shown that a nicotine conditional stimulus (CS) can compete with (i.e., overshadow) a brief light CS. Another form of competition, blocking, has not yet been examined with the nicotine CS. Groups of rats were assigned to an element training condition. For the N+ group, during e
PMID 21419807

The lateral hypothalamus as integrator of metabolic and environmental needs: From electrical self-stimulation to opto-genetics.

Berthoud HR, Munzberg H.AbstractAs one of the evolutionary oldest parts of the brain, the diencephalon evolved to harmonize changing environmental conditions with the internal state for survival of the individual and the species. The pioneering work of physiologists and psychologists around the middle of the last century clearly demonstrated that the hypothalamus is crucial for the display of motivated behaviors, culminating in the discovery of electrical self-stimulation behavior and providing the first neurological hint accounting for the concepts of reinforcement and reward. Here we review recent progress in understanding the role of the lateral hypothalamic area in the control of ingestive behavior and the regulation of energy balance. With its vast array of interoceptive and exteroceptive afferent inputs and its equally rich efferent connectivity, the lateral hypothalamic area is in an ideal position to integrate large amounts of information and orchestrate adaptive responses. Most important for energy homeostasis, it receives metabolic state information through both neural and humoral routes and can affect energy assimilation and energy expenditure through direct access to behavioral, autonomic, and endocrine effector pathways. The complex interplays of classical and peptide neurotransmitters such as orexin carrying out these integrative functions are just beginning to be understood. Exciting new techniques allowing selective stimulation or inhibition of specific neuronal phenotypes will greatly facilitate the functional mapping of both input and output pathways.
Physiology & behavior.Physiol Behav.2011 Jul 25;104(1):29-39. Epub 2011 May 1.
As one of the evolutionary oldest parts of the brain, the diencephalon evolved to harmonize changing environmental conditions with the internal state for survival of the individual and the species. The pioneering work of physiologists and psychologists around the middle of the last century clearly d
PMID 21549732

Japanese Journal

Effect of Anwala Churna (Emblica officinalis GAERTN.) : an Ayurvedic Preparation on Memory Deficit Rats

VASUDEVAN Mani,PARLE Milind
藥學雜誌 127(10), 1701-1707, 2007-10-01
… The elevated plus-maze and Hebb-Williams maze served as exteroceptive behavioral models for testing memory. …
NAID 110006402954

Reversal of Memory Deficits by Atorvastatin and Simvastatin in Rats

PARLE Milind,SINGH Nirmal
藥學雜誌 127(7), 1125-1137, 2007-07-01
… Alprazolam, Scopolamine and high fat diet (HFD) induced amnesia served as interoceptive memory models where as, Water-maze and Elevated plus-maze served as exteroceptive models. …
NAID 110006318161