- 関
- topical
WordNet
- pertaining to the surface of a body part; "a drug for topical (or local) application"; "a topical anesthesia"
- of interest at the present time; "a topical reference"; "a topical and timely study of civil liberty"
- of or relating to or arranged by topics; "a detailed record on both a chronological and a topical basis"
- seek or achieve an end by using to ones advantage; "She uses her influential friends to get jobs"; "The presidents wife used her good connections"
- the act of using; "he warned against the use of narcotic drugs"; "skilled in the utilization of computers" (同)usage, utilization, utilisation, employment, exercise
- a particular service; "he put his knowledge to good use"; "patrons have their uses"
- (law) the exercise of the legal right to enjoy the benefits of owning property; "we were given the use of his boat" (同)enjoyment
- use up, consume fully; "The legislature expended its time on school questions" (同)expend
- take or consume (regularly or habitually); "She uses drugs rarely" (同)habituate
- put into service; make work or employ for a particular purpose or for its inherent or natural purpose; "use your head!"; "we only use Spanish at home"; "I cant use this tool"; "Apply a magnetic field here"; "This thinking was applied to many projects"; "How do you utilize this tool?"; "I apply this rule to get good results"; "use the plastic bags to store the food"; "He doesnt know how to use a computer" (同)utilize, utilise, apply, employ
- habitually do something (use only in the past tense); "She used to call her mother every week but now she calls only occasionally"; "I used to get sick when I ate in that dining hall"; "They used to vacation in the Bahamas"
- purely outward or superficial; "external composure"; "an external concern for reputation"- A.R.Gurney,Jr.
- outward features; "he enjoyed the solemn externals of religion"
- coming from the outside; "extraneous light in the camera spoiled the photograph"; "relying upon an extraneous income"; "disdaining outside pressure groups" (同)extraneous, outside
- from or between other countries; "external commerce"; "international trade"; "developing nations need outside help" (同)international, outside
- happening or arising or located outside or beyond some limits or especially surface; "the external auditory canal"; "external pressures"
- a nonresident doctor or medical student; connected with a hospital but not living there (同)medical extern
- (chiefly British) of or appropriate to the upper classes especially in language use
PrepTutorEJDIC
- 時事問題の,今日的な,話題の / 地域の,地方の / 局部的な,局所の
- 〈道具など〉‘を'『使う』,用いる / …‘を'『費す』,消費する / 《副詞[句]を伴って》〈人など〉‘を'『扱う』 / …‘を'自分の都合のいいように合用する / 〈U〉『使用』,利用 / 〈U〉『役に立つこと』,効用,利益(usefulness) / 〈U〉使う必要(場合),使用する機会,入り用 / 〈C〉〈U〉使用の目的,用途 / 〈U〉使用する権利 / 〈U〉使い方 / 〈U〉(身体などを)使う能力
- 『外側の』,外部の / (作用・動作などが)『外側からの』,外部からの / 表面上の,見せかけの / 体外の;体外用の / 外国の(foreign) / (…の)外観,外形《+『of』+『名』》
- 『使い古しの』,使用した
- (…に)『慣れている』《+to+名(doing)》
- 『…するのが常だった』,よく…したものだ / 『以前は…した』
UpToDate Contents
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- 1. 外耳炎：病因、臨床的特徴、および診断 external otitis pathogenesis clinical features and diagnosis
- 2. 小児における除細動およびカルディオバージョン（自動体外式除細動期を含む） defibrillation and cardioversion in children including automated external defibrillation
- 3. 外耳炎：治療 external otitis treatment
- 4. 悪性（壊死）外耳炎 malignant necrotizing external otitis
- 5. 自動体外式除細動器 automated external defibrillators
English Journal
- A novel compound 6D-offset simulating phantom and quality assurance program for stereotactic image-guided radiation therapy system.
- Yuen Kan Ngar D, Lok-Man Cheung M, Koon-Ming Kam M, Poon WS, Tak-Cheung Chan A.Author information The Chinese University of Hong Kong. dykngar@hotmail.com.AbstractA comprehensive quality assurance (QA) device cum program was developed for the commissioning and routine testing of the 6D IGRT systems. In this article, both the new QA system and the BrainLAB IGRT system which was added onto a Varian Clinac were evaluated. A novel compound 6D-offset simulating phantom was designed and fabricated in the Prince of Wales Hospital (PWH), Hong Kong. The QA program generated random compound 6D-offset values. The 6D phantom was simply set up and shifted accordingly. The BrainLAB ExacTrac X-ray IGRT system detected the offsets and then corrected the phantom position automatically through the robotic couch. Routine QA works facilitated data analyses of the detection errors, the correction errors, and the correlations. Fifty sets of data acquired in 2011 in PWH were thoroughly analyzed. The 6D component detection errors and correction errors of the IGRT system were all within ± 1 mm and ± 1° individually. Translational and rotational scalar resultant errors were found to be 0.50 ± 0.27 mm and 0.54 ± 0.23°, respectively. Most individual component errors were shown to be independent of their original offset values. The system characteristics were locally established. The BrainLAB 6D IGRT system added onto a regular linac is sufficiently precise for stereotactic RT. This new QA methodology is competent to assure the IGRT system overall integrity. Annual grand analyses are recommended to check local system consistency and for external cross comparison. The target expansion policy of 1.5 mm 3D margin from CTV to PTV is confirmed for this IGRT system currently in PWH.
- Journal of applied clinical medical physics / American College of Medical Physics.J Appl Clin Med Phys.2014 Nov 4;14(6):4297. doi: 10.1120/jacmp.v14i6.4297.
- A comprehensive quality assurance (QA) device cum program was developed for the commissioning and routine testing of the 6D IGRT systems. In this article, both the new QA system and the BrainLAB IGRT system which was added onto a Varian Clinac were evaluated. A novel compound 6D-offset simulating ph
- PMID 24257294
- Formulation of ciprofloxacin hydrochloride loaded biodegradable nanoparticles: optimization of technique and process variables.
- Mobarak DH, Salah S, Elkheshen SA.Author information Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University , Cairo , Egypt and.AbstractAbstract Poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA 502 H) nanoparticles incorporating ciprofloxacin HCl (CP) were prepared by double emulsion solvent diffusion technique. Methods: The influence of the application of probe sonication besides the high pressure homogenization in the preparation of the secondary emulsion and its application during the solidification step were studied. Their effect on the particle size, Zeta potential and the percent encapsulation efficiency of the drug (EE %) were investigated. The effect of the addition of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) during the preparation of the primary emulsion was studied. Moreover, the effect of the addition of 0.1 M sodium chloride and/or adjusting the external and extracting phases to pH 7.4 were investigated. The selected formula was examined using IR, X-ray, DSC and SEM and in vitro drug release. Results: These formulations showed an appropriate particle size ranges between 135.7-187.85 nm, a mean zeta potential ranging from -0.839 to -6.81 mV and a mean EE% which ranged from 35% to 69%. Conclusion: The presented data revealed the superiority of using probe sonication besides high pressure homogenization during the formation of secondary emulsion. Moreover, the results indicated that the tested factors had a pronounced significant effect on the EE%.
- Pharmaceutical development and technology.Pharm Dev Technol.2014 Nov;19(7):891-900. doi: 10.3109/10837450.2013.836293. Epub 2013 Sep 13.
- Abstract Poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA 502 H) nanoparticles incorporating ciprofloxacin HCl (CP) were prepared by double emulsion solvent diffusion technique. Methods: The influence of the application of probe sonication besides the high pressure homogenization in the preparation of the seconda
- PMID 24032531
- Texturing formulations for uranium skin decontamination.
- Belhomme-Henry C, Phan G, Huang N, Bouvier C, Rebière F, Agarande M, Fattal E.Author information IRSN, PRP-HOM/SDI, Fontenay-aux-Roses , France and.AbstractAbstract Context: Since no specific treatment exists in case of cutaneous contamination by radionuclides such as uranium, a nanoemulsion comprising calixarene molecules, known for their good chelation properties, was previously designed. However, this fluid topical form may be not suitable for optimal application on the skin or wounds. Objective: To develop a texturing pharmaceutical form for the treatment of wounded skins contaminated by uranium. Materials and methods: The formulations consisted in oil-in-water (O/W) nanoemulsions, loaded with calixarene molecules. The external phase of the initial liquid nanoemulsion was modified with a combination of thermosensitive gelifying polymers: Poloxamer and HydroxyPropylMethylcellulose (HPMC) or methylcellulose (MC). These new formulations were characterized then tested by ex vivo experiments on Franz cells to prevent uranyl ions diffusion through excoriated pig ear skin explants. Results: Despite strong changes in rheological properties, the physico-chemical characteristics of the new nanoemulsions, such as the size and the zeta potential as well as macroscopic aspect were preserved. In addition, on wounded skin, diffusion of uranyl ions, measured by ICP-MS, was limited to less than 5% for both HPMC and MC nanoemulsions. Conclusions: These results demonstrated that a hybrid formulation of nanoemulsion in hydrogel is efficient to treat uranium skin contamination.
- Pharmaceutical development and technology.Pharm Dev Technol.2014 Sep;19(6):692-701. doi: 10.3109/10837450.2013.823991. Epub 2013 Aug 13.
- Abstract Context: Since no specific treatment exists in case of cutaneous contamination by radionuclides such as uranium, a nanoemulsion comprising calixarene molecules, known for their good chelation properties, was previously designed. However, this fluid topical form may be not suitable for optim
- PMID 23937529
Japanese Journal
- Enhancing Modulation Bandwidth of Semiconductor Lasers beyond 50 GHz by Strong Optical Feedback for Use in Millimeter-Wave Radio over Fiber Links
- Ahmed Moustafa,Bakry Ahmed,Altuwirqi Reem [他],Alghamdi Mohamed S.,Koyama Fumio
- Jpn J Appl Phys 52(12), 124103-124103-5, 2013-12-25
- … This ultra high modulation frequency is achieved by adjusting the external-cavity resonance frequency close to the modulation frequency and optimizing strong OFB conditions to achieve stable operation. …
- NAID 40019923841
- 地元型民間企業による地域づくりと外部支援投入の可能性 : 長崎県大村市福重地区の事例より
- 長谷川 安代,神代 英昭,守友 裕一
- 開発学研究 = Journal of agricultural development studies 24(2), 32-41, 2013-12
- NAID 40019922130
- 現代書き言葉における外来語の共時的分布 : 「ケース」を事例として
- 久屋 愛実
- 国立国語研究所論集 6, 45-65, 2013-11
- 本稿の目的は,外来語「ケース」を事例としてその共時的分布を明らかにし,外来語使用における言語外的要因を特定することである。本稿では国立国語研究所が2011年に公開した『現代日本語書き言葉均衡コーパス』(BCCWJ)を利用し,外来語と既存語の語彙バリエーションの研究を経験的に行う。分析の結果,書き手の生年代,最終学歴,媒体種,共起述語の種類について統計的有意差が認められ,これらの要因が外来語の生起に …
- NAID 110009633430
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★リンクテーブル★
| リンク元 | 「topical」「外用」 |
| 拡張検索 | 「corticoid-containing combination for external use」「antibiotic mixture for dermatoexternal use」 |
| 関連記事 | 「use」「external」「using」 |
「topical」
- adj.
- その時/その場所の話題の、今日的関心事の、時事的/時局的な、トピカルな
- 話題/論題/主題の。主題別の
- 場所の(local)。(医)局所の/局所用の
「外用」
- 英
- external use、topical
- 関
- 局所的
「corticoid-containing combination for external use」
「antibiotic mixture for dermatoexternal use」
「use」
- vt.
- vi.
- n.
- 使うこと、使用、使用/利用'(されている)状態
- (～の)津ｊかいみち、用途、使用目的
- (しばしば疑問・否定文で)役に立つこと、効用、有用
- 使用する能力、機能
- 使用する権利、使用許可
- 使い方、使用法
- (～を)使用する必要/機会(for)
- (正式)慣習、習わし、しきたり
- (法律)(財産収益権の)享受。(信託された土地などからの)収益権を享受すること。
- (教会・教区などの)独特の典礼、儀式
- (哲学・論理・言語)言及的言語使用
- 麻薬の常用
- 関
- employ、employment、exploit、exploitation、harness、make use of、take advantage of、usage、utilisation、utilise、utilization、utilize
「external」
- adj.
- 外部の、外側の、外の
「using」
- adj.