exostoses

Exostosis
	X-ray of the left femur of a 10-year-old boy with an exostosis at the lateral side, just above the knee.
Classification and external resources
ICD-9	726.91
DiseasesDB	18621
Patient UK	Exostosis
MeSH	D005096

外骨腫、骨軟骨腫

関: exostosis、osteochondroma

WordNet

benign tumor containing both bone and cartilage; usually occurs near the end of a long bone
a benign outgrowth from a bone (usually covered with cartilage)

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/06/16 14:55:27」(JST)

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

An exostosis (plural: exostoses) is the formation of new bone on the surface of a bone, because of excess calcium forming.^[1] Exostoses can cause chronic pain ranging from mild to debilitatingly severe, depending on the shape, size, and location of the lesion. It is most commonly found in places like the ribs, where small bone growths form, but sometimes larger growths can grow on places like the ankles, knees, shoulders, elbows and hips. Very rarely are they on the skull.

They normally form on the joints of bones, and can grow upwards. For example, if an extra bone formed on the ankle, it might grow up to the shin.

When used in the phrases "Cartilaginous exostosis" or "Osteocartilaginous exostosis", it is considered synonymous with Osteochondroma. Some sources consider the terms to mean the same thing even without qualifiers, but this interpretation is not universal.

Fossil record

Evidence for exostosis found in the fossil record is studied by paleopathologists, specialists in ancient disease and injury. Exostosis has been reported in dinosaur fossils from several species, including Acrocanthosaurus atokensis, Albertosaurus sarcophagus, Allosaurus fragilis, Gorgosaurus libratus, and Poekilopleuron bucklandii.^[2]

Hereditary Multiple Exostoses

Hereditary multiple exostoses (also called: hereditary multiple osteochondromas (HMO) is a condition that is estimated to affect 1 in 50,000 individuals. Multiple benign or noncancerous bone tumors develop in the affected individuals. The number and location vary among affected patients. Most people seem unaffected at birth; however, by the age of 12 years, they develop multiple exostoses.

Related conditions

Surfer's ear (Exostosis of the ear canal)
Hereditary multiple exostoses (HME)
Subungual exostosis
Buccal exostosis
Torus mandibularis
Torus palatinus

References

^ "exostosis" at Dorland's Medical Dictionary
^ Molnar, R. E., 2001, Theropod paleopathology: a literature survey: In: Mesozoic Vertebrate Life, edited by Tanke, D. H., and Carpenter, K., Indiana University Press, p. 337-363.

External links

The Ear and Balance Center, The Sonos Group
MHE Research Foundation (Multiple Hereditary Exostoses)
Surfer's Ear Explanation, Dr. Shohet
-1691025402 at GPnotebook (equates "Exostosis" with "osteochondroma")]

UpToDate Contents

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English Journal

Langer-Giedion syndrome associated with congenital dural arterio-venous fistula.

Leu S1, Valavanis A, Baltsavias G.
Child's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery.Childs Nerv Syst.2015 May;31(5):801-4. doi: 10.1007/s00381-014-2570-9. Epub 2014 Oct 8.
Langer-Giedion syndrome (LGS) is a rare disease caused by deletion of chromosome 8q23.3-q24.11. Clinical manifestations include among others multiple exostoses, short stature, intellectual disability, and typical facial dysmorphism. Dural arterio-venous shunts (DAVS) in the pediatric age are rare le
PMID 25293531

Effect of REG Iα protein on angiogenesis in gastric cancer tissues.

Hara K1, Fukui H1, Sun C1, Kitayama Y1, Eda H1, Yamasaki T1, Kondo T1, Tomita T1, Oshima T1, Watari J1, Fujimori T2, Miwa H1.
Oncology reports.Oncol Rep.2015 May;33(5):2183-9. doi: 10.3892/or.2015.3878. Epub 2015 Mar 23.
Regenerating gene (REG) Iα is not only overexpressed in a subset of gastric cancers, but also involved in tumor progression. However, the mechanism by which (REG) Iα promotes tumor growth is not fully understood. In the present study, we investigated whether REG Iα plays a role in angiogenesis
PMID 25813126

Bilateral osteomas and exostoses of the internal auditory canal.

Schutt CA1, Guo JN2, Bagwell KA3, Bulsara KR4, Malhotra A5, Michaelides E6.
American journal of otolaryngology.Am J Otolaryngol.2015 Apr 8. pii: S0196-0709(15)00072-1. doi: 10.1016/j.amjoto.2015.03.006. [Epub ahead of print]
Osteomas and exostoses are benign tumors of the bone that occur in the head and neck region but are rarely found within the internal auditory canal (IAC). In this report, we review the literature on bony lesions of the IAC and present two cases: one case of bilateral compressive osteomas and one cas
PMID 25896777