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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/10/28 18:10:38」(JST)

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Ethylketazocine (WIN-35,197-2), also known as ethylketocyclazocine (EKC), is an opioid drug of the benzomorphan family which has been used extensively in scientific research in the last few decades as a tool to aid in the study of the κ-opioid receptor.^[1] However, due to its relatively poor selectivity for the κ-opioid receptor over the μ- and δ-opioid receptors (of which it has approximately 80% and 20% of the affinity for, respectively, in comparison), as well as its relatively poor intrinsic activity at all sites (i.e., acts as a partial agonist with mixed agonist and antagonist properties), it has been mostly replaced in recent times by newer and more potent and selective compounds like U-50,488 and ICI-199,441.^[1]^[2]^[3]

References

^ ^a ^b William O. Foye; Thomas L. Lemke (24 September 2007). Foye's Principles of Medicinal Chemistry. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 657. ISBN 978-0-7817-6879-5. Retrieved 22 April 2012.
^ Edythe D. London (1993). Imaging Drug Action in the Brain. CRC Press. p. 130. ISBN 978-0-8493-8843-9. Retrieved 22 April 2012.
^ Enno Freye (3 April 2008). Opioids in Medicine: A Comprehensive Review on the Mode of Action and the Use of Analgesics in Different Clinical Pain States. Springer. p. 103. ISBN 978-1-4020-5946-9. Retrieved 22 April 2012.

English Journal

Predicted structures for kappa opioid G-protein coupled receptor bound to selective agonists.

Li Q1,2, Kim SK1, Goddard WA 3rd1, Chen G2, Tan H2.
Journal of chemical information and modeling.J Chem Inf Model.2015 Mar 23;55(3):614-27. doi: 10.1021/ci500523z. Epub 2015 Feb 17.
Human kappa opioid receptor (κ-OR), a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), has been identified as a drug target for treatment of such human disorders as pain perception, neuroendocrine physiology, affective behavior, and cognition. In order to find more selective and active agonists, one would like t
PMID 25642595

Selectively promiscuous opioid ligands: discovery of high affinity/low efficacy opioid ligands with substantial nociceptin opioid peptide receptor affinity.

Kumar V1, Ridzwan IE, Grivas K, Lewis JW, Clark MJ, Meurice C, Jimenez-Gomez C, Pogozheva I, Mosberg H, Traynor JR, Husbands SM.
Journal of medicinal chemistry.J Med Chem.2014 May 22;57(10):4049-57. doi: 10.1021/jm401964y. Epub 2014 May 9.
Emerging clinical and preclinical evidence suggests that a compound displaying high affinity for μ, κ, and δ opioid (MOP, KOP, and DOP) receptors and antagonist activity at each, coupled with moderate affinity and efficacy at nociceptin opioid peptide (NOP) receptors will have utility as a relaps
PMID 24761755

Latent inhibition in an insect: the role of aminergic signaling.

Fernández VM1, Giurfa M, Devaud JM, Farina WM.
Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.).Learn Mem.2012 Nov 16;19(12):593-7. doi: 10.1101/lm.028167.112.
Latent inhibition (LI) is a decrement in learning performance that results from the nonreinforced pre-exposure of the to-be-conditioned stimulus, in both vertebrates and invertebrates. In vertebrates, LI development involves dopamine and serotonin; in invertebrates there is yet no information. We st
PMID 23161448

Japanese Journal

中枢性鎮痛薬Eptazocineのマウス，ラットにおける虚血性脳障害に対する保護効果

田村智昭,谷口登志悦,宮本鉄雄,青城優,脇功巳
日本薬理学雑誌 97(2), 65-74, 1991
マウス，ラットを用いた各種虚血性脳障害モデルにおいて，中枢性鎮痛薬eptazocineの脳保護効果について検討した．1)マウス断頭負荷試験，頭部打撲負荷致死試験(20g，30cm)においてeptazocine(3，10mg/kg)は開口運動持続時間，生存時間を各々用量依存的に延長した．2)ラット両側総頸動脈結紮(BLCO)負荷試験においてBLCO処置直後にeptazocine(3，10mg/kg) …
NAID 130000758950

Enkephalin誘導体EK-399のラットにおける弁別刺激効果

西田信之,安原吉高,千葉祐広
日本薬理学雑誌 97(6), 361-369, 1991
… ー・オペラントボヅクスを用い，給水制限したラットに訓練薬または生理食塩液を皮下投与後，水を報酬として2つのレバーのうち正しいレバーを選択させる訓練を行った．訓練薬としてEK-399，morphine，ethylketocyclazocine(EKC)及びN-allylnormetazocine(NANM)を用いた．いずれの訓練薬においても，平均38-53セッション後にラットは安定した高い正選択率を示すようになった．90%以上の正選択率を示したラットを用い，naloxone拮抗試験 …
NAID 130000758920

「オピオイド」

Ethylketazocine
Systematic (IUPAC) name
	(1S,9R)-10-(cyclopropylmethyl)-1-ethyl-4-hydroxy-13-methyl-10-azatricyclo[7.3.1.02,7]trideca-2,4,6-trien-8-one
Identifiers
CAS Registry Number	36292-66-7
ATC code	None
PubChem	CID: 644273
ChemSpider	559289
Chemical data
Formula	C19H25NO2
Molecular mass	299.407
	SMILES O=C2c1c(cc(O)cc1)[C@@]3(C([C@H]2N(CC3)CC4CC4)C)CC ;
	InChI InChI=1S/C19H25NO2/c1-3-19-8-9-20(11-13-4-5-13)17(12(19)2)18(22)15-7-6-14(21)10-16(15)19/h6-7,10,12-13,17,21H,3-5,8-9,11H2,1-2H3/t12?,17-,19+/m1/s1 ; Key:SEJUQQOPVAUETF-MKFRLIFGSA-N ;

　　[★]

英: opioid
同: 類麻薬
関: オピオイド受容体

オピオイド受容体に結合するモルフィン様物質のことを指す。

内因性のオピオイドペプチドが発見され、これらは内因性オピオイドペプチドと呼ばれるようになった。

作用

縮瞳

モルフィンと多くのμ,κアゴニストは瞳孔の縮小を引き起こす。これは瞳孔を支配する副交感神経の興奮による。μアゴニストを中毒量投与すると縮瞳し、pinpoints pupupilsはpathognomonicである。(GOO.559)