WordNet
- of or relating to or caused by a toxin or poison; "suffering from exposure to toxic substances"
- abnormal redness of the skin resulting from dilation of blood vessels (as in sunburn or inflammation)
PrepTutorEJDIC
- 毒性の,有毒な / 毒による
- 紅斑(こうはん)(炎症などにより皮膚が異常に赤くなること)
Wikipedia preview
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/07/21 13:44:12」(JST)
[Wiki en表示]
| Erythema toxicum neonatorum |
| Classification and external resources |
| ICD-10 |
P83.1 |
| ICD-9 |
695.0, 778.8 |
| DiseasesDB |
4458 |
| MedlinePlus |
001458 |
| eMedicine |
derm/139 ped/697 |
Erythema toxicum neonatorum[1] (also known as "Erythema toxicum,",[1] "Urticaria neonatorum" and "Toxic erythema of the newborn"[1]) is a common rash in neonates.[2]:139[3] It appears in up to half of newborns carried to term, usually between day 2-5 after birth; it does not occur outside the neonatal period.
Erythema toxicum is characterized by blotchy red spots on the skin[4] with overlying white or yellow papules or pustules.[5] These lesions may be few or numerous. The eruption typically resolves within first two weeks of life, and frequently individual lesions will appear and disappear within minutes or hours. It is a benign condition thought to cause no discomfort to the baby.[4]
Contents
- 1 Cause
- 2 Presentation
- 3 Diagnosis
- 4 Treatment
- 5 References
- 6 External links
Cause[edit]
The cause of erythema toxicum is thought to be an activation of the immune system. Some neonates are more sensitive than others and develops erythematous spots all over the body. Another theory is Hypersensitivity to detergents in bedsheets and clothing is sometimes suspected, but the connection remains unproven.
It is thought to be a benign condition that causes no discomfort to the infant. The rash will generally disappear spontaneously in about 2 weeks.
Presentation[edit]
The rash is composed of small papular lesions, each on a separate reddened base.
Diagnosis[edit]
Whilst usually a straightforward diagnosis at times the appearance can raise concern that the rash could be due to herpes simplex; however, the latter generally has a more clustered and vesicular appearance.
In uncertain cases, a scraping of a lesion can be taken and the fluid examined under the microscope. Herpes lesions will have a positive direct fluorescent antibody test. The fluid from erythema toxicum lesions will show many eosinophils. If blood samples are taken they may show a high level of circulating eosinophils, however this is not usually required.
Differential diagnosis may include Herpes simplex virus, Impetigo, Neonatal sepsis, Listeria and Varicella (chicken pox).
Treatment[edit]
Because the eruption is transient and self-limiting, no treatment is indicated.
References[edit]
- ^ a b c Rapini, Ronald P.; Bolognia, Jean L.; Jorizzo, Joseph L. (2007). Dermatology: 2-Volume Set. St. Louis: Mosby. ISBN 1-4160-2999-0.
- ^ James, William; Berger, Timothy; Elston, Dirk (2005). Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: Clinical Dermatology. (10th ed.). Saunders. ISBN 0-7216-2921-0.
- ^ Berg FJ, Solomon LM (April 1987). "Erythema neonatorum toxicum". Arch. Dis. Child. 62 (4): 327–8. doi:10.1136/adc.62.4.327. PMC 1778345. PMID 3592724.
- ^ a b "Erythema toxicum". Pubmed Health. Retrieved 28 November 2012.
- ^ "erythema toxicum" at Dorland's Medical Dictionary
External links[edit]
- DermAtlas 161
- Photo at University of Iowa
- Erythema Toxicum Information
|
Urticaria and erythema (L50–L54, 695, 708)
|
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Urticaria
(acute/chronic) |
|
Allergic urticaria
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Urticarial allergic eruption
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|
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Physical urticaria
|
Cold urticaria (Familial) · Primary cold contact urticaria · Secondary cold contact urticaria · Reflex cold urticaria
Heat urticaria · Localized heat contact urticaria · Solar urticaria
Dermatographic urticaria
Vibratory angioedema · Pressure urticaria
Cholinergic urticaria
Aquagenic urticaria
|
|
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Other urticaria
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Acquired C1 esterase inhibitor deficiency · Adrenergic urticaria · Exercise urticaria · Galvanic urticaria · Schnitzler syndrome · Urticaria-like follicular mucinosis
|
|
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Angioedema
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Episodic angioedema with eosinophilia · Hereditary angioedema
|
|
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| Erythema |
|
Erythema multiforme/
drug eruption
|
Erythema multiforme minor · Erythema multiforme major (Stevens–Johnson syndrome, Toxic epidermal necrolysis) · panniculitis (Erythema nodosum) · Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis
|
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Figurate erythema
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Erythema annulare centrifugum · Erythema marginatum · Erythema migrans · Erythema gyratum repens
|
|
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Other erythema
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Necrolytic migratory erythema · Erythema toxicum · Erythroderma · Palmar erythema · Generalized erythema
|
|
|
|
|
|
noco (i/b/d/q/u/r/p/m/k/v/f)/cong/tumr (n/e/d), sysi/epon
|
proc, drug (D2/3/4/5/8/11)
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Certain conditions originating in the perinatal period / fetal disease (P, 760–779)
|
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Maternal factors and
complications of pregnancy,
labour and delivery |
placenta: Placenta praevia · Placental insufficiency · Twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome
chorion/amnion: Chorioamnionitis
umbilical cord: Umbilical cord prolapse · Nuchal cord · Single umbilical artery
|
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Length of gestation
and fetal growth |
Small for gestational age/Large for gestational age · Preterm birth/Postmature birth · Intrauterine growth restriction
|
|
| Birth trauma |
scalp (Cephalhematoma, Chignon, Caput succedaneum, Subgaleal hemorrhage) · Brachial plexus lesion (Erb's palsy, Klumpke paralysis)
|
|
| By system |
|
Respiratory
|
Intrauterine hypoxia · Infant respiratory distress syndrome · Transient tachypnea of the newborn · Meconium aspiration syndrome · pleural disease (Pneumothorax, Pneumomediastinum) · Wilson-Mikity syndrome · Bronchopulmonary dysplasia
|
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Cardiovascular
|
Pneumopericardium · Persistent fetal circulation
|
|
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Haemorrhagic and
hematologic disease
|
Vitamin K deficiency (Haemorrhagic disease of the newborn)
HDN (ABO • Anti-Kell • Rh c • Rh D • Rh E) · Hydrops fetalis · Hyperbilirubinemia (Kernicterus, Neonatal jaundice)
Velamentous cord insertion
Intraventricular hemorrhage (Germinal matrix hemorrhage)
Anemia of prematurity
|
|
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Digestive
|
Ileus · Necrotizing enterocolitis · Meconium peritonitis
|
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Integument and
temperature regulation
|
Erythema toxicum · Sclerema neonatorum
|
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Nervous system
|
Periventricular leukomalacia
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Musculoskeletal
|
Gray baby syndrome · muscle tone (Congenital hypertonia, Congenital hypotonia)
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| Infectious |
Perinatal infection (Congenital rubella syndrome, Neonatal herpes simplex) · Omphalitis · Neonatal sepsis (Group B streptococcal infection) · Neonatal conjunctivitis
|
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| Other |
Perinatal mortality (Stillbirth, Infant mortality) · Neonatal withdrawal
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UpToDate Contents
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English Journal
- Influence of Neonatal and Maternal Factors on the Prevalence of Vernix Caseosa.
- Monteagudo B, Labandeira J, Leon-Muinos E, Romaris R, Ramirez-Santos A, Gonzalez-Vilas D, Fernandez-Prieto R, Toribio J.SourceServicio de Dermatologia, Hospital Arquitecto Marcide, Area Sanitaria de Ferrol, SERGAS, Ferrol, La Coruna, Espana.
- Actas dermo-sifiliograficas.Actas Dermosifiliogr.2011 Apr 7. [Epub ahead of print]
- At birth, vernix caseosa can cover the whole body surface or accumulate only on the back and in the skin folds. Interest in its composition and function and its possible applications in adults has increased in recent years. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of vernix caseos
- PMID 21481821
Japanese Journal
- 症例 出生時から全身に皮疹を認めた新生児中毒性紅斑の1例
Related Links
- 5 Aug 2009 ... Erythema toxicum neonatorum (ETN) is a benign, self-limited, asymptomatic skin condition that only occurs during the neonatal period.
Related Pictures
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- 関
- intoxicated、poisonous、toxicity、venomous、virulence、virulent