WordNet

soft decayed area in a tooth; progressive decay can lead to the death of a tooth (同)caries, dental_caries, tooth decay
space that is surrounded by something (同)enclosed space
(anatomy) a natural hollow or sinus within the body (同)bodily cavity, cavum
on or outside the dura mater (同)extradural

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へこみ,くぼみ,空洞 / 虫歯の穴 / (人体内の)腔(こう)

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2017/06/18 17:23:28」(JST)

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In the spine, the epidural space (from Ancient Greek ἐπί, "on, upon" + dura mater also known as "epidural cavity", "extradural space" or "peridural space") is an anatomic space that is the outermost part of the spinal canal. It is the space within the canal (formed by the surrounding vertebrae) lying outside the dura mater (which encloses the arachnoid mater, subarachnoid space, the cerebrospinal fluid, and the spinal cord). In humans the epidural space contains lymphatics, spinal nerve roots, loose connective tissue, fatty tissue, small arteries, and a network of internal vertebral venous plexuses.^{[citation needed]}

In humans

The upper limit of the epidural space is the foramen magnum, which is the point where the spine meets the base of the skull. The lower limit is at the tip of the sacrum, at the sacrococcygeal membrane.

In the head, the epidural space is known as a potential space. In rare circumstances, a torn artery (e.g. the middle meningeal artery) may cause bleeding which is sufficient to create epidural space; this is an epidural hematoma.

The space between the dura and the arachnoid (in both head and spine), the subdural space, is also a potential space. Bleeding may also occur here.

In other mammals

In other mammals, the relationship between the spinal canal and its contents is similar to that in humans, although many species possess a tail into which the epidural space is prolonged.

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1. 陣痛開始時および分娩時（経腟器械分娩も含む）の区域麻酔 neuraxial analgesia for labor and delivery including instrumented delivery
2. 産婦人科における硬膜外・脊椎麻酔の副作用 adverse effects of neuraxial analgesia and anesthesia for obstetrics
3. 馬尾症候群などの腫瘍による硬膜外脊髄圧迫の臨床的特徴および診断 clinical features and diagnosis of neoplastic epidural spinal cord compression including cauda equina syndrome
4. 脊髄に影響を与える疾患 disorders affecting the spinal cord
5. 腰椎穿刺後頭痛 post lumbar puncture headache

English Journal

Air-embolism and cerebral ischaemia following epidural hydrogen peroxide irrigation in a closed lumbar cavity.

Patankar PS1, Joshi SS, Choudhari KA.Author information 1Department of Neurosurgery, Sevenhills Hospital , Andheri (East), Mumbai , India.AbstractAuthors report a case of air-embolism and subsequent ischaemic damage to the brain following intra-operative irrigation with hydrogen peroxide within a closed cavity of a spinal cold abscess of tuberculous origin. Copious amount of undiluted hydrogen peroxide irrigation was deployed under moderate pressure to clean-up the abscess cavity. Post-operatively, the patient developed seizures followed by clinical and radiological features of brain ischaemia ultimately resulting in a fatal outcome. The authors reflect on the events, review the relevant literature regarding intra-operative use of hydrogen peroxide in cranio-spinal procedures, outline mechanism of its actions, and highlight its disadvantages and potential complications.
British journal of neurosurgery.Br J Neurosurg.2013 Dec 5. [Epub ahead of print]
Authors report a case of air-embolism and subsequent ischaemic damage to the brain following intra-operative irrigation with hydrogen peroxide within a closed cavity of a spinal cold abscess of tuberculous origin. Copious amount of undiluted hydrogen peroxide irrigation was deployed under moderate p
PMID 24304268

[Anesthetic management of a morbidly obese patient undergoing laparoscopic right nephrectomy].

Nakazawa H, Sugiyama Y, Mochizuki N, Kawamata T, Kawamata M.Author information Department of Anesthesiology and Resuscitology, Shinshu University, Matsumoto 390-8621.AbstractA 41-year-old man weighing 196 kg (body mass index of 62.5 kg m2) with renal cancer was scheduled for laparoscopic right nephrectomy. On the day before surgery, we confirmed the intraoperative patient position with the patient and medical staff to prevent neurological deficit during the intraoperative period. For postoperative analgesia and prevention of respiratory complications, an epidural catheter was inserted under radiography and ultrasound guidance. Difficult airway was anticipated, and we attempted awake intubation in the left lateral position with Airwayscope (AWS). The vocal cord was visualized with AWS; however, because of his small oral cavity, we could not place the Intlock of AWS to insert the tracheal tube appropriately. Using a flexible fiberoptic bronchoscope under AWS guidance, the trachea was intubated. During neumoperitoneum at 12 mmHg, mechanical ventilation was achieved without hypercapnia, hypoxia or elevated airway pressure, with rate of 12 min-1, FIO2 of 0.6, PIP of 25 cmH2O and PEEP of 8 cmH2O. The surgery was completed and his trachea was extubated in the operating room. He did not develop any perioperative complications and was discharged on the 10th day after the surgery.
Masui. The Japanese journal of anesthesiology.Masui.2013 Dec;62(12):1446-9.
A 41-year-old man weighing 196 kg (body mass index of 62.5 kg m2) with renal cancer was scheduled for laparoscopic right nephrectomy. On the day before surgery, we confirmed the intraoperative patient position with the patient and medical staff to prevent neurological deficit during the intraoperati
PMID 24498780

[Minimally invasive cement augmentation of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures with the new radiofrequency kyphoplasty.]

Mattyasovszky SG1, Kurth AA, Drees P, Gemidji J, Thomczyk S, Kafchitsas K.Author information 1Zentrum für Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie, Universitätsmedizin Mainz, Langenbeckstr.1, 55131, Mainz, Deutschland, stefan.mattyasovszky@unimedizin-mainz.de.AbstractOBJECTIVE: Minimally invasive cement augmentation of painful osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures in elderly patients.
Operative Orthopadie und Traumatologie.Oper Orthop Traumatol.2013 Nov 7. [Epub ahead of print]
OBJECTIVE: Minimally invasive cement augmentation of painful osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures in elderly patients.INDICATIONS: Painful osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures in elderly patients (> 65 years of age) after conservative therapy failure. Painful aggressive primary
PMID 24196085

Japanese Journal

Dynamic myelographyによる脳脊髄液漏出点検出の試み

日本ペインクリニック学会誌 23(4), 529-533, 2016
NAID 130005268266

血腫腔内圧モニタリングを行って治療した両側慢性硬膜下血腫合併特発性低髄液圧症候群の1例

脳神経外科ジャーナル 25(9), 765-771, 2016
NAID 130005265152

巨大な直腸異物の2症例

日本腹部救急医学会雑誌 = Journal of abdominal emergency medicine 33(3), 625-629, 2013-03-31
NAID 10031170949

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「硬膜上腔」
関連記事	「epidural」「cavity」

「硬膜上腔」

Epidural space
	The medulla spinalis and its membranes
Details
Identifiers
Latin	Spatium epidurale,; spatium extradurale,; cavum epidurale
Dorlands; /Elsevier	12746475
TA	A14.1.01.112
FMA	71228
	Anatomical terminology [edit on Wikidata]