epicanthal fold

canthal

• n.

• 内眼角贅皮

WordNet

1. bend or lay so that one part covers the other; "fold up the newspaper"; "turn up your collar" (同)fold up, turn up
2. an angular or rounded shape made by folding; "a fold in the napkin"; "a crease in his trousers"; "a plication on her blouse"; "a flexure of the colon"; "a bend of his elbow" (同)crease, plication, flexure, crimp, bend
3. a geological process that causes a bend in a stratum of rock (同)folding
4. incorporate a food ingredient into a mixture by repeatedly turning it over without stirring or beating; "Fold the egg whites into the batter"
5. the act of folding; "he gave the napkins a double fold" (同)folding
6. a pen for sheep (同)sheepfold, sheep pen, sheepcote
7. a folded part (as in skin or muscle) (同)plica
8. become folded or folded up; "The bed folds in a jiffy" (同)fold up

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. 《副語[句]を伴って》〈紙など〉‘を'『折る』,折り重ねる / 〈両手など〉‘を'『組む』;〈鳥が〉〈翼〉‘を'畳む / (…に)…‘を'巻き付ける《+『around(about)』+『名』》 / …‘を'抱き締める(embrace) / 《副語[句]を伴って》〈扇などが〉折リ畳める / 《話》〈事業などが〉つぶれる,閉じる《+『up』》 / ひだ / 折り目,畳み目 / (土地の)くぼみ / 起伏
2. (家畜,特に羊を入れておく)囲い,おり / 《比喩(ひゆ)的に》キリスト教会
3. 折り畳みの

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/08/01 17:36:21」(JST)

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

Epicanthic fold
The epicanthic fold is the skin fold of the upper eyelid covering the inner angle of the eye.
Latin	plica palpebronasalis

Epicanthic fold, epicanthal fold, epicanthus, or simply eye fold are names for a skin fold of the upper eyelid, covering the inner corner (medial canthus) of the eye. Other names for this trait include plica palpebronasalis and palpebronasal fold. One of the primary facial features often closely associated with the epicanthic folds is the nasal bridge; all else equal, a lower-based nose bridge is more likely to cause epicanthic folds, and a higher-based nose bridge is less likely to do so. There are various factors influencing whether someone has epicanthic folds, including geographical ancestry, age, and certain medical conditions.

Factors

Geographic distribution

Namibian Bushmen Girls. Epicanthic folds are common among bushmen groups in Southern Africa

Epicanthic fold is typical in many peoples of Eastern Asia and is common among Central Asian populations. Epicanthic folds are characteristic of Bushmen (San) populations in Southern Africa.

Age

Many fetuses lose their epicanthic folds after 3 to 6 months of gestation.

Medical conditions

Epicanthic fold is sometimes found as a congenital abnormality. Medical conditions that cause the nasal bridge not to mature and project are associated with epicanthic folds. One of the characteristics of a number of people with Down Syndrome is prominent epicanthic folds. In 1862, John Langdon Down classified what is now called Down Syndrome. He used the term mongoloid for the condition. This was derived from then-prevailing ethnic theory and from his perception that children with Down syndrome shared physical facial similarities (epicanthic folds) with those of Blumenbach's Mongolian race. While the term "mongoloid" (also "mongol" or "mongoloid idiot") continued to be used until the early 1970s, it is now considered pejorative and inaccurate and is no longer in common use.

In Zellweger syndrome, epicanthic folds are prominent. Other examples are fetal alcohol syndrome, phenylketonuria, and Turner syndrome.

Evolutionary origin

It is hypothesized that epicanthic folds are caused by climatic factors and it may have originated more than once during human evolution. The genetic basis of epicanthic folds is not well understood.

See also

• Double eyelid surgery
• Epicanthoplasty, the surgical modification of epicanthic folds
• Human physical appearance
• Blepharitis

References

UpToDate Contents

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• 1. 小児における身体的診察：HEENT the pediatric physical examination heent
• 2. 新生児の評価 assessment of the newborn infant
• 3. 先天性代謝異常：疫学、病因、および臨床的特徴 inborn errors of metabolism epidemiology pathogenesis and clinical features
• 4. 微細重複症候群 microduplication syndromes
• 5. 性染色体異常 sex chromosome abnormalities

English Journal

• Medial epicanthoplasty based on anatomic variations.

• Lai CS, Lai CH, Wu YC, Chang KP, Lee SS, Lin SD.SourceDivision of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, 100 Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
• Journal of plastic, reconstructive & aesthetic surgery : JPRAS.J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg.2012 Sep;65(9):1182-7. doi: 10.1016/j.bjps.2011.12.038. Epub 2012 Jun 30.
• The presence of epicanthal folds is a unique appearance in the eyelids of Asians. Various medial epicanthoplasty techniques have been discussed to achieve a better aesthetic result. Owing to the complexity of the surgery, a design based on anatomic variations of the epicanthal fold is imperative. Fr
• PMID 22749705

• Anatomy of the epicanthal fold.

• Kakizaki H, Ichinose A, Nakano T, Asamoto K, Ikeda H.SourceDepartment of Ophthalmology, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan.
• Plastic and reconstructive surgery.Plast Reconstr Surg.2012 Sep;130(3):494e-5e. doi: 10.1097/PRS.0b013e31825dc611.
• PMID 22929288

• Restoration of the Medial Epicanthal Fold: Reversely Using the Skin Redraping Method in Patients Unsatisfied With Epicanthoplasty.

• Chung YJ, Kong JS, Kim YW.SourceFrom the *Eve Plastic Surgery Clinic, Cheonan; and †Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea.
• Annals of plastic surgery.Ann Plast Surg.2012 Aug 3. [Epub ahead of print]
• BACKGROUND: Many Asians receive epicanthoplasty to improve their medial epicanthal fold.Excessive performance of such surgery may cause multiple unwanted results, but there is no report on any restoration method for an overcorrected result of epicanthoplasty. Accordingly, the authors have created a
• PMID 22868315

Japanese Journal

• Z形成による控えめな切開 (特集 眼瞼の美容外科 手術手技アトラス) -- (内眼角形成術)

• Pepars (87), 92-98, 2014-03
• NAID 40020032633

• Transmission of Del(X)(p11.2) from Mother to Daughter

• Clinical pediatric endocrinology 11(1), 33-42, 2002-06
• NAID 110002984274

• Transmission of Del(X)(p11.2) from Mother to Daughter.

• Clinical Pediatric Endocrinology 11(1), 33-42, 2002
• NAID 130004430915

Related Links

• Epicanthic fold - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Epicanthic fold, epicanthal fold, slant-eye,, epicanthus, or simply eye fold are names for a skin fold of the upper eyelid, covering the inner corner (medial canthus) of the eye. Other names for this trait include plica palpebronasalis and ...

• Epicanthal folds: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia

The presence of an epicanthal fold is normal in people of Asiatic descent. An epicanthal fold is also common in children with Down syndrome. Epicanthal folds may also be seen in young children of any race before the bridge of the nose ...

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「ネコ鳴き症候群」
関連記事	「fold」「folding」

「ネコ鳴き症候群」

　　[★]

英

Cri-du-Chat syndrome, Cri-du-chat syndrome, cri-du-chat syndrome, cat cry syndrome, crying cat syndrome

同

5番短腕部分欠失症候群、レジュン症候群 Lejeune's syndrome、猫泣き症候群、ネコ泣き症候群、Cri-du-Chat症候群、5p-症候群 5p- syndrome、5p欠失症候群

• first aid step1 2006 p.110
• 5番染色体の短腕の部分的欠失が原因

• microcephaly, severe mental retardation, high-pitched crying/mewing, epicanthal folds, cardiac abnormalities.(first aid step1 2006 p.110)
• 児の鳴き声はネコのようで、小頭症、精神発達遅滞、先天的疾患を有する。(L.15)

「fold」

　　[★]

• v.

• 折り畳む、フォールドする、折り重ねる

• n.

• ～倍の

関

time

　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　

「folding」

　　[★]

• n.

• (タンパク質の)フォールディング、折りたたみ、折り畳み構造

関

folded structure