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the 14th letter of the Roman alphabet (同)n
of or relating to or located in the endothelium

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nitrogenの化学記号

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/04/11 14:07:21」(JST)

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Endothelial NOS (eNOS), also known as nitric oxide synthase 3 (NOS3) or constitutive NOS (cNOS), is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the NOS3 gene.^[1]

Endothelial NOS is a nitric oxide synthase that generates NO in blood vessels and is involved with regulating vascular tone by inhibiting smooth muscle contraction and platelet aggregation. A constitutive Ca²⁺ dependent NOS provides a basal release of NO. eNOS is associated with plasma membranes surrounding cells and the membranes of Golgi bodies within cells.

Clinical significance

Variations in this gene are associated with susceptibility to coronary spasm.^[2]

An association between a polymorphism in the gene and late-onset Alzheimer's disease in Chinese have been reported.^[3]

Interactions

Endothelial NOS has been shown to interact with CAV1,^[4] HSP90AA1^[5]^[6]^[7] and GUCY1B3.^[5]

References

^ Marsden PA, Schappert KT, Chen HS, Flowers M, Sundell CL, Wilcox JN, Lamas S, Michel T (August 1992). "Molecular cloning and characterization of human endothelial nitric oxide synthase". FEBS Lett. 307 (3): 287–93. doi:10.1016/0014-5793(92)80697-F. PMID 1379542.
^ Yoshimura M, Yasue H, Nakayama M, Shimasaki Y, Sumida H, Sugiyama S, Kugiyama K, Ogawa H, Ogawa Y, Saito Y, Miyamoto Y, Nakao K (July 1998). "A missense Glu298Asp variant in the endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene is associated with coronary spasm in the Japanese". Hum. Genet. 103 (1): 65–9. doi:10.1007/s004390050785. PMID 9737779.
^ Wang B, Tan S, Yang Z, Xie YC, Wang J, Zhou S, Li S, Zheng C, Ma X (February 2008). "Association between Alzheimer's disease and the NOS3 gene Glu298Asp polymorphism in Chinese". J. Mol. Neurosci. 34 (2): 173–6. doi:10.1007/s12031-007-9026-6. PMID 18183499.
^ García-Cardeña G, Fan R, Stern DF, Liu J, Sessa WC (November 1996). "Endothelial nitric oxide synthase is regulated by tyrosine phosphorylation and interacts with caveolin-1". J. Biol. Chem. 271 (44): 27237–40. doi:10.1074/jbc.271.44.27237. PMID 8910295.
^ ^a ^b Venema RC, Venema VJ, Ju H, Harris MB, Snead C, Jilling T, Dimitropoulou C, Maragoudakis ME, Catravas JD (August 2003). "Novel complexes of guanylate cyclase with heat shock protein 90 and nitric oxide synthase". Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. 285 (2): H669–78. doi:10.1152/ajpheart.01025.2002. PMID 12676772.
^ Harris MB, Ju H, Venema VJ, Blackstone M, Venema RC (September 2000). "Role of heat shock protein 90 in bradykinin-stimulated endothelial nitric oxide release". Gen. Pharmacol. 35 (3): 165–70. doi:10.1016/S0306-3623(01)00104-5. PMID 11744239.
^ Stepp DW, Ou J, Ackerman AW, Welak S, Klick D, Pritchard KA (August 2002). "Native LDL and minimally oxidized LDL differentially regulate superoxide anion in vascular endothelium in situ". Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. 283 (2): H750–9. doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00029.2002. PMID 12124224.

UpToDate Contents

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5. 虚血性脳卒中の病態生理 pathophysiology of ischemic stroke

English Journal

Cardioprotective effects of tilianin in rat myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Guo X1, Cao W1, Yao J1, Yuan Y1, Hong Y1, Wang X1, Xing J2.
Molecular medicine reports.Mol Med Rep.2015 Mar;11(3):2227-33. doi: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2954. Epub 2014 Nov 14.
Tilianin, the main effective flavonoid monomer enriched from Dracocephalum moldavuca L., has been shown to have cardioprotective effects. However, the mechanism of tilianin cardioprotection remains largely unknown. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of tilianin preconditioning on my
PMID 25405380

Epigenetic reprogramming in atherosclerosis.

Grimaldi V1, Vietri MT, Schiano C, Picascia A, De Pascale MR, Fiorito C, Casamassimi A, Napoli C.
Current atherosclerosis reports.Curr Atheroscler Rep.2015 Feb;17(2):476. doi: 10.1007/s11883-014-0476-3.
Recent data support the involvement of epigenetic alterations in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. The most widely investigated epigenetic mechanism is DNA methylation although also histone code changes occur during the diverse steps of atherosclerosis, such as endothelial cell proliferation, vas
PMID 25433555

Angiotensin II limits NO production by upregulating arginase through a p38 MAPK-ATF-2 pathway.

Shatanawi A1, Lemtalsi T2, Yao L3, Patel C2, Caldwell RB4, Caldwell RW3.
European journal of pharmacology.Eur J Pharmacol.2015 Jan 5;746:106-14. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.10.042. Epub 2014 Oct 30.
Enhanced vascular arginase activity can impair endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation by decreasing l-arginine availability to endothelial nitric oxide (NO) synthase, thereby reducing NO production and uncoupling NOS function. Elevated angiotensin II (Ang II) is a key component of endothelial dysfunct
PMID 25446432

Japanese Journal

Acute Modulation of Vasoconstrictor Responses by Pravastatin in Small Vessels

GHAFFARI Nader,BALL Christine,KENNEDY Jennifer A,STAFFORD Irene,BELTRAME John F
Circulation journal : official journal of the Japanese Circulation Society 75(6), 1506-1514, 2011-05-25
… Background: Statins have been shown to inhibit conduit vessel constrictor responses via the endothelial nitric oxide (NO) pathway. … This effect was abolished by endothelial denudation, NO synthase (NOS) inhibition with N-ω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME 300μmol/L) and Akt inhibition (Akt1/2 kinase inhibitor 500nmol/L), confirming an endothelium-dependent mechanism and implicating a NO-mediated effect via the Akt pathway. …
NAID 10028149391

Relationships Between Uterine Blood Flow, Peripheral Sex Steroids, Expression of Endometrial Estrogen Receptors and Nitric Oxide Synthases During the Estrous Cycle in Mares

HONNENS Aenne,WEISSER Simone,WELTER Harald,EINSPANIER Ralf,BOLLWEIN Heinrich
The Journal of reproduction and development 57(1), 43-48, 2011-02-01
… The objective of this study was to investigate the relationships between uterine perfusion and estrogen, progesterone and the uterine nitric oxide synthase (NOS) system in five trotter mares during the estrous cycle. … endometrial biopsy collection for mRNA expression analysis of NOS and estrogen receptors was performed on days 0, 1, 5, 11, 15 and -3. …
NAID 10027901025

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「内皮型一酸化窒素合成酵素」「endothelial nitric oxide synthase」「内皮型NO合成酵素」「血管内皮型NO合成酵素」「endothelial NO synthase」
関連記事	「endothelial」「N」「endothelia」「NOS」「NO」

「内皮型一酸化窒素合成酵素」

Nitric oxide synthase 3 (endothelial cell)
	; Rendering of 1M9J
Available structures
PDB	Ortholog search: PDBe, RCSB
List of PDB id codes
	1M9J, 1M9K, 1M9M, 1M9Q, 1M9R, 2LL7, 3EAH, 3NOS
Identifiers
Symbols	NOS3; ECNOS; eNOS
External IDs	OMIM: 163729 MGI: 97362 HomoloGene: 504 ChEMBL: 4803 GeneCards: NOS3 Gene
EC number	1.14.13.39
Gene Ontology
Molecular function	• actin monomer binding; • NADPH-hemoprotein reductase activity; • nitric-oxide synthase activity; • iron ion binding; • protein binding; • calmodulin binding; • FMN binding; • heme binding; • tetrahydrobiopterin binding; • arginine binding; • cadmium ion binding; • flavin adenine dinucleotide binding; • NADP binding;
Cellular component	• Golgi membrane; • nucleus; • nucleolus; • cytoplasm; • cytosol; • cytoskeleton; • plasma membrane; • caveola; • endocytic vesicle membrane; • apical part of cell;
Biological process	• angiogenesis; • ovulation from ovarian follicle; • response to hypoxia; • in utero embryonic development; • blood vessel remodeling; • regulation of sodium ion transport; • regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by endothelin; • arginine catabolic process; • nitric oxide biosynthetic process; • mitochondrion organization; • nitric oxide mediated signal transduction; • aging; • blood coagulation; • regulation of blood pressure; • negative regulation of cell proliferation; • response to heat; • response to mechanical stimulus; • response to lead ion; • negative regulation of platelet activation; • negative regulation of muscle hyperplasia; • smooth muscle hyperplasia; • lung development; • positive regulation of guanylate cyclase activity; • lipopolysaccharide-mediated signaling pathway; • response to estradiol stimulus; • response to cytokine stimulus; • response to fluid shear stress; • response to drug; • positive regulation of apoptotic process; • negative regulation of apoptotic process; • response to amino acid stimulus; • negative regulation of potassium ion transport; • response to peptide hormone stimulus; • endothelial cell migration; • small molecule metabolic process; • response to ethanol; • positive regulation of angiogenesis; • negative regulation of blood pressure; • positive regulation of vasodilation; • nitric oxide metabolic process; • negative regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation; • regulation of blood vessel size; • regulation of nitric-oxide synthase activity; • negative regulation of hydrolase activity; • interaction with host; • negative regulation of calcium ion transport; • response to hyperoxia; • response to lipoprotein particle stimulus; • cellular response to transforming growth factor beta stimulus; • phagosome maturation;
	Sources: Amigo / QuickGO
RNA expression pattern
	More reference expression data
Orthologs
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