WordNet

small room in which a monk or nun lives (同)cubicle
a device that delivers an electric current as the result of a chemical reaction (同)electric cell
a room where a prisoner is kept (同)jail cell, prison cell
(biology) the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms; they may exist as independent units of life (as in monads) or may form colonies or tissues as in higher plants and animals
any small compartment; "the cells of a honeycomb"
a small unit serving as part of or as the nucleus of a larger political movement (同)cadre
of or belonging to endocrine glands or their secretions; "endocrine system" (同)endocrinal
an abnormal new mass of tissue that serves no purpose (同)tumour, neoplasm

PrepTutorEJDIC

(刑務所の)『独房』;(修道院の)小さい独居室 / (ミツバチの)みつ房,巣穴 / 小さい部屋 / 『細胞』 / 電池 / 花粉室 / (共産党などの)細胞
内分泌(ぶんぴつ)の / 内分泌物;内分泌腺(せん)

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1. 卵巣胚細胞腫瘍：病理学、臨床症状、および診断 ovarian germ cell tumors pathology clinical manifestations and diagnosis
2. 頭蓋内胚細胞腫瘍 intracranial germ cell tumors
3. 精巣胚細胞腫瘍の臨床症状、診断、および病期分類 clinical manifestations diagnosis and staging of testicular germ cell tumors
4. 縦隔および後腹膜を含む性腺外胚細胞腫瘍 extragonadal germ cell tumors involving the mediastinum and retroperitoneum
5. 再発性の難治性精巣胚細胞腫瘍の診断および治療 diagnosis and treatment of relapsed and refractory testicular germ cell tumors

English Journal

Intracellular concentration of the tyrosine kinase inhibitor imatinib in gastrointestinal stromal tumor cells.

Berglund E1, Ubhayasekera SJ, Karlsson F, Akcakaya P, Aluthgedara W, Ahlen J, Fröbom R, Nilsson IL, Lui WO, Larsson C, Zedenius J, Bergquist J, Bränström R.Author information 1aEndocrine and Sarcoma Surgery Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet bDepartment of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Karolinska University Hospital cDepartment of Oncology-Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm dDepartment of Chemistry, Biomedical Center, Analytical Chemistry and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.AbstractGastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is the most common mesenchymal neoplasm in the gastrointestinal tract. In most GISTs, the underlying mechanism is a gain-of-function mutation in the KIT or the PDGFRA gene. Imatinib is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor that specifically blocks the intracellular ATP-binding sites of these receptors. A correlation exists between plasma levels of imatinib and progression-free survival, but it is not known whether the plasma concentration correlates with the intracellular drug concentration. We determined intracellular imatinib levels in two GIST cell lines: the imatinib-sensitive GIST882 and the imatinib-resistant GIST48. After exposing the GIST cells to imatinib, the intracellular concentrations were evaluated using LC-MS (TOF). The concentration of imatinib in clinical samples from three patients was also determined to assess the validity and reliability of the method in the clinical setting. Determination of imatinib uptake fits within detection levels and values are highly reproducible. The GIST48 cells showed significantly lower imatinib uptake compared with GIST882 in therapeutic doses, indicating a possible difference in uptake mechanisms. Furthermore, imatinib accumulated in the tumor tissues and showed intratumoral regional differences. These data show, for the first time, a feasible and reproducible technique to measure intracellular imatinib levels in experimental and clinical settings. The difference in the intracellular imatinib concentration between the cell lines and clinical samples indicates that drug transporters may contribute toward resistance mechanisms in GIST cells. This highlights the importance of further clinical studies to quantify drug transporter expression and measure intracellular imatinib levels in GIST patients.
Anti-cancer drugs.Anticancer Drugs.2014 Apr;25(4):415-22. doi: 10.1097/CAD.0000000000000069.
Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is the most common mesenchymal neoplasm in the gastrointestinal tract. In most GISTs, the underlying mechanism is a gain-of-function mutation in the KIT or the PDGFRA gene. Imatinib is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor that specifically blocks the intracellular ATP-bi
PMID 24361761

IKKβ inhibitor in combination with bortezomib induces cytotoxicity in breast cancer cells.

Hideshima H1, Yoshida Y1, Ikeda H1, Hide M1, Iwasaki A2, Anderson KC1, Hideshima T1.Author information 1Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.2Department of Thoracic, Endocrine and Pediatric Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, Japan.AbstractBortezomib is a proteasome inhibitor with remarkable clinical antitumor activity in multiple myeloma (MM) and is under evaluation in clinical trials in various types of cancer including breast cancer. Although the initial rationale for its use in cancer treatment was the inhibition of NF-κB activity by blocking proteasomal degradation of IκBα, direct evidence indicating inhibition of constitutive NF-κB activity by bortezomib in tumor cells in patients has not yet been reported. Moreover, recent studies have shown that bortezomib activates constitutive NF-κB activity via stimulating the canonical pathway in MM cells. In this study, we first examined protein expression of IκBα after bortezomib treatment. We observed that bortezomib upregulated the phosphorylation and downregulated IκBα protein expression in a dose- and time-dependent manner in MCF7 and T47D cells, associated with phosphorylation of IKKβ. Since IκBα is an inhibitor of nuclear translocation of NF-κB, we further examined alteration of NF-κB activity by bortezomib. Importantly, bortezomib significantly upregulates NF-κB activity in both MCF7 and T47D in a dose-dependent fashion, demonstrated by electrophoretic mobility shift analysis (EMSA). Furthermore, immunocytochemical analysis confirmed enhanced nuclear translocation of p65 NF-κB (RelA) by bortezomib treatment. Supershift assay showed supershifted bands by anti-p65 and -p50 antibodies. Taken together, these results indicate that bortezomib activates the canonical NF-κB pathway in both cell lines. Finally, we demonstrated that IKKβ inhibitor enhanced cytotoxicity, associated with inhibition of NF-κB activity induced by bortezomib in MCF7 and T47D breast cancer cells.
International journal of oncology.Int J Oncol.2014 Apr;44(4):1171-6. doi: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2273. Epub 2014 Jan 23.
Bortezomib is a proteasome inhibitor with remarkable clinical antitumor activity in multiple myeloma (MM) and is under evaluation in clinical trials in various types of cancer including breast cancer. Although the initial rationale for its use in cancer treatment was the inhibition of NF-κB activit
PMID 24481412

Musashi-1 expression and clinicopathological significance in young gastric cancer patients: A matched case-control study.

Choi JE1, Bae JS1, Lee JH2, Jang KY1, Chung MJ1, Moon WS1.Author information 1Department of Pathology, Chonbuk National University, Medical School, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University Hospital and Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Jeonju 561-756, Republic of Korea.2Preventive Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Medical School, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University Hospital and Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Jeonju 561-756, Republic of Korea.AbstractMusashi-1 (Msi-1) is proposed to be a marker of progenitor cells in the human gastric mucosa. We examined Msi-1 expression and localization in surgical specimens of gastric cancer in young patients using immunohistochemistry and tested associations of Msi-1 expression with clinicopathological features. Patients (n=611) with gastric cancer who underwent radical gastrectomy were included in the present study. To minimize confounding effects, we matched 26 gastric cancer patients 30 years of age or younger (age ≤30) with 26 patients 60 years of age or older (age ≥60). The groups were matched by gender, tumor histological type and tumor stage. Gastric cancer in the younger patients was significantly associated with female gender and with diffuse histological type, compared with 585 gastric cancer patients older than 31 years. Msi-1 expression was more frequently upregulated in gastric cancer in young patients than in patients older than 60 years. Msi-1 expression was significantly associated with diffuse histological type, depth of tumor invasion, lymph node metastasis and tumor stage in the 26 young patients with gastric cancer. Univariate Kaplan‑Meier survival analysis identified Msi-1 expression as a significantly negative factor in the survival of young gastric cancer patients. However, Msi-1 expression was not significantly associated with survival in the 26 matched older patients. According to mucin phenotype, the gastric foveolar type predominated in Msi-1-positive gastric cancers. Our principal findings included a significantly higher level of Msi-1 expression in younger gastric cancer patients compared to older ones, and a probable association of tumor Msi-1 expression in young gastric cancer patients with more aggressive tumor type.
International journal of oncology.Int J Oncol.2014 Apr;44(4):1185-92. doi: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2263. Epub 2014 Jan 21.
Musashi-1 (Msi-1) is proposed to be a marker of progenitor cells in the human gastric mucosa. We examined Msi-1 expression and localization in surgical specimens of gastric cancer in young patients using immunohistochemistry and tested associations of Msi-1 expression with clinicopathological featur
PMID 24452324

Japanese Journal

Portion of E-DCIS Lesion Coexisting With Intraductal Papilloma of the Breast:—Immunochemistry of Synaptophysin for Diagnosis by Core Needle Biopsy—

Maeda Ichiro,Kanemaki Yoshihide,Uejima Tomoko,Tajima Shinya,Nagasawa Satoi,Ohi Ryoko,Tsugawa Koichiro,Takagi Masayuki
Journal of St. Marianna University 6(1), 77-83, 2015
… Immunopositivity for neuroendocrine markers [NEs: synaptophysin (syn), chromogranin A (CGA), CD56, CD57, and neuron-specific enolase] is evidence of the presence of tumor cells with neuroendocrine cell differentiation in the breast. … such a breast cancer type has been named carcinoma with endocrine features or endocrine ductal carcinoma in situ (E-DCIS)．Here, we report a case of a patient in whom a portion of the E-DCIS lesion coexisted with intraductal papilloma. …
NAID 130005085598

発熱を契機に診断された小腸内分泌細胞癌の1例

三浦みき,齋藤大祐,德永創太郎,林田真理,徳永健吾,大倉康男,高橋信一
Progress of Digestive Endoscopy 86(1), 174-175, 2015
… A stenosing ulceration of small- bowel detected by DBE was diagnosed as endocrine cell carcinoma. … However small-bowel tumor is a rare focus of undetermined fever, it is necessary to be considered as a differential diagnosis. …
NAID 130005084300

Aphidicolin inhibits cell proliferation via the p53-GADD45β pathway in AtT-20 cells

Kageyama Kazunori,Sugiyama Aya,Murasawa Shingo,Asari Yuko,Niioka Kanako,Oki Yutaka,Daimon Makoto
Endocrine
… ACTH production may be associated with tumor cell proliferation; … however, the effects of cell cycle progression on ACTH production and cell proliferation are little known in corticotroph tumor cells. … A DNA polymerase inhibitor, aphidicolin, arrests cells at the entrance to the S phase and blocks the cell cycle; … aphidicolin also induces apoptosis in tumor cells. …
NAID 130005066949