WordNet

in an early stage of development; "the embryonic government staffed by survivors of the massacre"; "an embryonic nation, not yet self-governing" (同)embryotic
of an organism prior to birth or hatching; "in the embryonic stage"; "embryologic development" (同)embryologic, embryonal
something with a round shape resembling a flat circular plate; "the moons disk hung in a cloudless sky" (同)disc, saucer
a flat circular plate (同)disc

PrepTutorEJDIC

=embryo
『円盤』;円盤の表面 / 植物,動物の平たく丸い組織・部分;椎間板(ついかんばん) / (数学で)円板(円によって囲まれた範囲) / レコード

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/07/09 16:53:07」(JST)

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The floor of the amniotic cavity is formed by the embryonic disc (or embryonic disk) composed of a layer of prismatic cells, the embryonic ectoderm, derived from the inner cell-mass and lying in apposition with the endoderm.

In humans, it is the stage of development that occurs after implantation and prior to the embryonic folding (e.g. seen between about day 14 to day 21 post fertilization). It is derived from the epiblast layer, which lies between the hypoblast layer and the amnion. The epiblast layer is derived from the inner cell mass. Through the process of gastrulation, the bilaminar embryonic disc becomes trilaminar. The notochord forms thereafter. Through the process of neurulation, the notochord induces the formation of the neural tube in the embryonic disc.

References

This article incorporates text in the public domain from the 20th edition of Gray's Anatomy (1918)

External links

Diagram at manchester.ac.uk

This developmental biology article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

UpToDate Contents

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1. 臍帯ヘルニア omphalocele
2. 幹細胞の概要 overview of stem cells
3. 抗菌薬感受性試験の概要 overview of antibacterial susceptibility testing
4. 抗真菌剤感受性試験 antifungal susceptibility testing
5. 胎盤の肉眼的評価 gross examination of the placenta

English Journal

Advances in regenerative orthopedics.

Evans CH.Author information Center for Advanced Orthopaedic Studies, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Collaborative Research Center, AO Foundation, Davos, Switzerland. Electronic address: cevans@bidmc.harvard.edu.AbstractOrthopedic injuries are common and a source of much misery and economic stress. Several relevant tissues, such as cartilage, meniscus, and intra-articular ligaments, do not heal. And even bone, which normally regenerates spontaneously, can fail to mend. The regeneration of orthopedic tissues requires 4 key components: cells, morphogenetic signals, scaffolds, and an appropriate mechanical environment. Although differentiated cells from the tissue in question can be used, most cellular research focuses on the use of mesenchymal stem cells. These can be retrieved from many different tissues, and one unresolved question is the degree to which the origin of the cells matters. Embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells are also under investigation. Morphogenetic signals are most frequently supplied by individual recombinant growth factors or native mixtures provided by, for example, platelet-rich plasma; mesenchymal stem cells are also a rich source of trophic factors. Obstacles to the sustained delivery of individual growth factors can be addressed by gene transfer or smart scaffolds, but we still lack detailed, necessary information on which delivery profiles are needed. Scaffolds may be based on natural products, synthetic materials, or devitalized extracellular matrix. Strategies to combine these components to regenerate tissue can follow traditional tissue engineering practices, but these are costly, cumbersome, and not well suited to treating large numbers of individuals. More expeditious approaches make full use of intrinsic biological processes in vivo to avoid the need for ex vivo expansion of autologous cells and multiple procedures. Clinical translation remains a bottleneck.
Mayo Clinic proceedings.Mayo Clin Proc.2013 Nov;88(11):1323-39. doi: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2013.04.027.
Orthopedic injuries are common and a source of much misery and economic stress. Several relevant tissues, such as cartilage, meniscus, and intra-articular ligaments, do not heal. And even bone, which normally regenerates spontaneously, can fail to mend. The regeneration of orthopedic tissues require
PMID 24182709

Post-hatching development of in vitro bovine embryos from day 7 to 14 in vivo versus in vitro.

Machado GM1, Ferreira AR, Pivato I, Fidelis A, Spricigo JF, Paulini F, Lucci CM, Franco MM, Dode MA.Author information 1Embrapa Genetic Resource and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Brasília, Brazil; School of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, University of Brasilia, Brasília, Brazil.AbstractThis study evaluates the post-hatching development of in vitro-produced (IVP) embryos until Day 14. On Day 7, IVP embryos were either transferred to recipient uteruses or placed in a post-hatching development (PHD) system. As a control group, in vivo-produced (IVV), Day-7 embryos were also transferred to recipient uteruses. All groups were collected on Day 14 and were morphologically evaluated. Day-7 and Day-14 IVV and IVP embryos were used for quantification of eight genes (PLAC8, CD9, SLC2A1, SLC2A3, KRT8, SOD2, HSP1A1, and IFNT2) by reverse transcriptase qPCR. Day-14 embryos from the PHD system were smaller (2.92 ± 0.45 mm) and had a lower embryonic disk diameter (0.14 ± 0.00 mm) than those produced by IVV (24.18 ± 3.71; 0.29 ± 0.03 mm, respectively) or IVP (19.06 ± 2.43; 0.28 ± 0.01 mm) culture and transferred to the uterus (P > 0.05). Day-7 IVP embryos had a higher expression of the HSP1A1, SCL2A1, and SCL2A3 genes than IVV embryos. When these embryos were cultured in the uterus, no differences in gene expression were observed on Day 14. Conversely, Day-14 IVP embryos cultured in the PHD system showed a higher expression of PLAC8, SOD2, and SLC2A3 genes. It is concluded that Day-7 IVP embryos are different from IVV embryos in regards to gene expression, although exposure to the uterine environment during the elongation period allowed the IVP embryos to overcome this difference. In contrast, IVP embryos cultured in the PHD system were morphologically and molecularly different, being of poorer quality than those cultured in the uterus.
Molecular reproduction and development.Mol Reprod Dev.2013 Nov;80(11):936-47. doi: 10.1002/mrd.22230. Epub 2013 Sep 10.
This study evaluates the post-hatching development of in vitro-produced (IVP) embryos until Day 14. On Day 7, IVP embryos were either transferred to recipient uteruses or placed in a post-hatching development (PHD) system. As a control group, in vivo-produced (IVV), Day-7 embryos were also transferr
PMID 24022836

Instant super-resolution imaging in live cells and embryos via analog image processing.

York AG1, Chandris P, Nogare DD, Head J, Wawrzusin P, Fischer RS, Chitnis A, Shroff H.Author information 1Section on High Resolution Optical Imaging, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.AbstractExisting super-resolution fluorescence microscopes compromise acquisition speed to provide subdiffractive sample information. We report an analog implementation of structured illumination microscopy that enables three-dimensional (3D) super-resolution imaging with a lateral resolution of 145 nm and an axial resolution of 350 nm at acquisition speeds up to 100 Hz. By using optical instead of digital image-processing operations, we removed the need to capture, store and combine multiple camera exposures, increasing data acquisition rates 10- to 100-fold over other super-resolution microscopes and acquiring and displaying super-resolution images in real time. Low excitation intensities allow imaging over hundreds of 2D sections, and combined physical and computational sectioning allow similar depth penetration to spinning-disk confocal microscopy. We demonstrate the capability of our system by imaging fine, rapidly moving structures including motor-driven organelles in human lung fibroblasts and the cytoskeleton of flowing blood cells within developing zebrafish embryos.
Nature methods.Nat Methods.2013 Nov;10(11):1122-6. doi: 10.1038/nmeth.2687. Epub 2013 Oct 6.
Existing super-resolution fluorescence microscopes compromise acquisition speed to provide subdiffractive sample information. We report an analog implementation of structured illumination microscopy that enables three-dimensional (3D) super-resolution imaging with a lateral resolution of 145 nm and
PMID 24097271

Japanese Journal

Long-term live-cell imaging of mammalian preimplantation development and derivation process of pluripotent stem cells from the embryos

Yamagata Kazuo,Ueda Jun
Development, growth & differentiation 55(4), 378-389, 2013-05
NAID 40019734964

Long-Term, Six-Dimensional Live-Cell Imaging for the Mouse Preimplantation Embryo That Does Not Affect Full-Term Development

Yamagata Kazuo,Suetsugu Rinako,Wakayama Teruhiko
The Journal of reproduction and development 55(3), 343-351, 2009-06-01
… Mammalian preimplantation embryonic development is achieved by tightly coordinated regulation of a great variety of temporal and spatial changes. … Moreover, as the repeated exposure of intense excitation light to the cell yields phototoxicity, long-term observation was detrimental to embryonic development. …
NAID 10024942729

Current Application and Technology of Functional Multineuron Calcium Imaging

Namiki Shigehiro,Ikegaya Yuji
Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin 32(1), 1-9, 2009-01-01
… In vitro fMCI is made more sophisticated by using multipoint illumination and scanning technology with spinning-disk and low-laser-intensity imaging, electron-multiplying charge-coupled device cameras, etc. …
NAID 110007021733

「胚盤」

Embryonic disc
	Section through embryonic disk of Vespertilio murinus.
	Surface view of embryo of a rabbit. (After Kölliker.) arg. Embryonic disk. pr. Primitive streak.
Details
Latin	discus embryonicus
Carnegie stage	4
Identifiers
Gray's	p.47
Code	TE E2.0.1.2.0.0.14
	Anatomical terminology