elongation factors

WordNet

1. be a contributing factor; "make things factor into a companys profitability"
2. any of the numbers (or symbols) that form a product when multiplied together
3. an independent variable in statistics
4. anything that contributes causally to a result; "a number of factors determined the outcome"
5. consider as relevant when making a decision; "You must factor in the recent developments" (同)factor in, factor out
6. resolve into factors; "a quantum computer can factor the number 15" (同)factor in, factor out
7. an addition to the length of something (同)extension
8. the act of lengthening something
9. the quality of being elongated

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. (…の)『要因』,(…を生み出す)要素《+『in』+『名』(do『ing』)》 / 囲数,約数 / 代理人,《おもに英》仲買人 / =factorize
2. 〈U〉伸長,延長 / 〈C〉伸長部,延長部

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2017/11/25 09:52:47」(JST)

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[Wiki en表示]

Elongation factors are a set of proteins that are used in protein synthesis in the process of cell cycle and elongation in some cells. In the ribosome, they facilitate translational elongation, from the formation of the first peptide bond to the formation of the last one.

Elongation is the most rapid step in translation:

• in prokaryotes it proceeds at a rate of 15 to 20 amino acids added per second (about 60 nucleotides per second)
• in eukaryotes the rate is about two amino acids per second.

Elongation factors play a role in orchestrating the events of this process, and in ensuring the 99.99% accuracy of translation at this speed.

Elongation factors are also a target for pathogen toxins. Corynebacterium diphtheriae produces the diphtheria toxin that alters protein function in the host by inactivating elongation factor (EF-2). This causes pharyngitis and pseudomembranous inflammation in the throat.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa's exotoxin A also inhibits EF-2.

See also

• Eukaryotic elongation factors
• GTP-binding elongation factor family, EF-Tu/EF-1A subfamily
• Prokaryotic elongation factors

References

• Alberts, B. et al. (2002). Molecular Biology of the Cell, 4th ed. New York: Garland Science. ISBN 0-8153-3218-1
• Berg, J. M. et al. (2002). Biochemistry, 5th ed. New York: W.H. Freeman and Company. ISBN 0-7167-3051-0
• Singh, B. D. (2002). Fundamentals of Genetics, New Delhi, India: Kalyani Publishers. ISBN 81-7663-109-4

External links

• Elongation Factor at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
• EC 3.6.5.3

UpToDate Contents

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English Journal

• Phytotoxicity effects and biological responses of Arabidopsis thaliana to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin exposure.

• Hanano A1, Almousally I2, Shaban M2.
• Chemosphere.Chemosphere.2014 Jun;104:76-84. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.10.060. Epub 2013 Nov 22.
• Dioxins are persistent organic pollutants. Their bioaccumulation in the food chain makes dioxins a considerable risk for human health. The use of plants for removing toxic organic compounds, including dioxins, is a safe and efficient strategy. Herein we studied the toxicity effects and the biologica
• PMID 24275148

• Semaphorin 3A-Plexin-A1 signaling through ERK activation is crucial for Toll-like receptor-induced NO production in BV-2 microglial cells.

• Ito T, Morita T, Yoshida K, Negishi T, Yukawa K.
• International journal of molecular medicine.Int J Mol Med.2014 Jun;33(6):1635-42. doi: 10.3892/ijmm.2014.1727. Epub 2014 Apr 4.
• Semaphorin family members have been identified as axonal guidance molecules that mediate the directional determination for axonal elongation during neuronal development. Several semaphorins have been shown to play crucial roles for various immune response phases. In a previous study using knockout m
• PMID 24714875

Japanese Journal

• 関節トルクを指標とした衣服の動作快適性に関する基礎的研究

• 堀場 洋輔,日々野 雄基,乾 滋 [他],上條 正義
• 繊維学会誌 71(5), 165-171, 2015
• … Mobility is one of the most important factors for garment design. … In this paper, we examined the relationship between joint torque and mobility with cloth samples of different elongation at maximum tensile force (EMT) by motion measurement and sensory test. …
• NAID 130005066857

• Long-Term Culture of Rat Hippocampal Neurons at Low Density in Serum-Free Medium: Combination of the Sandwich Culture Technique with the Three-Dimensional Nanofibrous Hydrogel PuraMatrix

• Kaneko Ai,Sankai Yoshiyuki
• PLoS ONE 9(7), e102703, 2014-07
• … Neurons were cultured on a three-dimensional nanofibrous hydrogel, PuraMatrix, and sandwiched under a coverslip to reproduce the in vivo environment, including the three-dimensional extracellular matrix, low-oxygen conditions, and exposure to concentrated paracrine factors. … It also exhibits continued support for axonal elongation and synaptic activity for long periods (>6 weeks). …
• NAID 120005477903

Related Links

• Elongation Factors - RCSB Protein Data Bank - RCSB PDB

Exploring the Structure As is often the case with proteins that use GTP or ATP, elongation factors undergo large changes in shape while performing their jobs. You can see the GTP-powered motion of EF-Tu by comparing PDB ...

• Prokaryotic elongation factorsとは - goo Wikipedia (ウィキペディア)

In prokaryotes, three elongation factors are required for translation: EF-Tu, EF-Ts, and EF-G. EF-Tu (elongation factor thermo unstable) mediates the entry of the aminoacyl tRNA into a free site of the ribosome. EF-Ts serves as the ...

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関連記事	「elongation」「factor」

「elongation」

　　[★]

• n.

• 伸長、延長、伸び、伸長反応、エロンゲーション

関

allongement、elongate、expand、extend、extension、lengthen、lengthening、outgrowth、prolong、prolongation

　 　 　 　

「factor」

　　[★]

• n.

• 因子、要因、要素、ファクター

関

element、elementary、factorial、parameter