WordNet

very young; "at an early age"
before the usual time or the time expected; "she graduated early"; "the house was completed ahead of time" (同)ahead of time, too soon
in good time; "he awoke betimes that morning" (同)betimes
belonging to the distant past; "the early inhabitants of Europe"; "former generations"; "in other times" (同)former, other
at or near the beginning of a period of time or course of events or before the usual or expected time; "early morning"; "an early warning"; "early diagnosis"; "an early death"; "took early retirement"; "an early spring"; "early varieties of peas and tomatoes mature before most standard varieties"
being or occurring at an early stage of development; "in an early stage"; "early forms of life"; "early man"; "an early computer"
expected in the near future; "look for an early end to the negotiations"
of an early stage in the development of a language or literature; "the Early Hebrew alphabetical script is that used mainly from the 11th to the 6th centuries B.C."; "Early Modern English is represented in documents printed from 1476 to 1700"
fruiting spike of a cereal plant especially corn (同)spike, capitulum
attention to what is said; "he tried to get her ear"
good hearing; "he had a keen ear"; "a good ear for pitch"
the sense organ for hearing and equilibrium
the beginning or early stages; "the onset of pneumonia" (同)oncoming
respiratory disease characterized by inflammation of the lung parenchyma (excluding the bronchi) with congestion caused by viruses or bacteria or irritants
taking place or originating in a hospital; "nosocomial infection"

PrepTutorEJDIC

(時間・時期が)『早い』,『初期の』 / 昔の / (普通より,予定より)早い / 近い将来の / (時間・時期的に)『早く』 / (予定・ふだんより)早く
〈C〉『耳』 / 《単数形で》『聴覚』,聴力,音感 / 《単数形で》じっと聞くこと,傾聴 / 〈C〉耳の形をした物
(麦・とうもろこしなどの)穂
攻撃,襲撃 / (病気・季節などの)始まり,開始《+『of』+『名』》
肺炎

UpToDate Contents

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1. 成人における院内感染性／人工呼吸器関連／医療関連肺炎の治療 treatment of hospital acquired ventilator associated and healthcare associated pneumonia in adults
2. 新生児肺炎 neonatal pneumonia
3. 成人における院内感染性／人工呼吸器関連／医療関連肺炎の危険因子および予防 risk factors and prevention of hospital acquired ventilator associated and healthcare associated pneumonia in adults
4. 成人における院内感染性／人工呼吸器関連／医療関連肺炎の疫学、病因、細菌学、および診断 epidemiology pathogenesis microbiology and diagnosis of hospital acquired ventilator associated and healthcare associated pneumonia in adults
5. 気管切開の概要 overview of tracheostomy

English Journal

Nosocomial pneumonia in 27 ICUs in Europe: perspectives from the EU-VAP/CAP study.

Koulenti D1,2, Tsigou E3, Rello J4,5.
European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology.Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis.2016 Jun 10. [Epub ahead of print]
We report on intensive care nosocomial pneumonia (NP) in Europe through a review of EU-VAP/CAP manuscripts: a prospective observational study, enrolling patients from 27 ICUs in nine European countries. From 2,436 eligible ICU patients, 827 cases presented NP, with 18.3 episodes of VAP per 1000 vent
PMID 27287765

The Challenging Diagnosis of Non-Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Non-Mechanically Ventilated Subjects: Value of Microbiological Investigation.

Messika J1, Stoclin A2, Bouvard E3, Fulgencio JP2, Ridel C4, Muresan IP5, Boffa JJ6, Bachmeyer C3, Denis M7, Gounant V8, Esteso A9, Loi V10, Verdet C11, Prigent H12, Parrot A2, Fartoukh M13.
Respiratory care.Respir Care.2016 Feb;61(2):225-34. doi: 10.4187/respcare.04143. Epub 2015 Dec 8.
BACKGROUND: Early recognition and an attempt at obtaining microbiological documentation are recommended in patients with non-community-acquired pneumonia (NCAP), whether hospital-acquired (HAP) or health care-associated (HCAP). We aimed to characterize the clinical features and microbial etiologies
PMID 26647452

Update on management options in the treatment of nosocomial and ventilator assisted pneumonia: review of actual guidelines and economic aspects of therapy.

Wilke M1, Grube R1.
Infection and drug resistance.Infect Drug Resist.2013 Dec 18;7:1-7. doi: 10.2147/IDR.S25985.
OBJECTIVE: Nosocomial or more exactly, hospital-acquired (HAP) and ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) are frequent conditions when treating intensive care unit (ICU) patients that are only exceeded by central line-associated bloodstream infections. In Germany, approximately 18,900 patients per ye
PMID 24379684