WordNet

strike with horror or terror; "The news of the bombing shocked her"
(pathology) bodily collapse or near collapse caused by inadequate oxygen delivery to the cells; characterized by reduced cardiac output and rapid heartbeat and circulatory insufficiency and pallor; "loss of blood is an important cause of shock"
subject to electrical shocks
the violent interaction of individuals or groups entering into combat; "the armies met in the shock of battle" (同)impact
an unpleasant or disappointing surprise; "it came as a shock to learn that he was injured" (同)blow
an instance of agitation of the earths crust; "the first shock of the earthquake came shortly after noon while workers were at lunch" (同)seismic disturbance
a bushy thick mass (especially hair); "he had an unruly shock of black hair"
a pile of sheaves of grain set on end in a field to dry; stalks of Indian corn set up in a field; "corn is bound in small sheaves and several sheaves are set up together in shocks"; "whole fields of wheat in shock"
surprise greatly; knock someones socks off; "I was floored when I heard that I was promoted" (同)floor, ball over, blow out of the water, take aback
strike with disgust or revulsion; "The scandalous behavior of this married woman shocked her friends" (同)offend, scandalize, scandalise, appal, appall, outrage
collect or gather into shocks; "shock grain"
collide violently
serving to distribute or allot or disperse

PrepTutorEJDIC

〈C〉(衝突・爆発などの)『衝撃』,(地震の)震動,電撃 / 〈C〉〈U〉(精神的)『打撃』,ショック / 〈U〉ショック症 / 《しばしば受動態で》〈人〉‘を'『ぎょっとさせる』,ひどく驚かせる / (治療のため)〈人・動物〉‘に'電気ショクを与える
(乾燥させるために立てかけた)穀類の刈り束 / 〈穀類〉‘を'刈り束にする
(髪の毛の)もじゃもじゃの固まり《+『of』+『名』》
分配の,配布の;分配(配布)に関する / (文法で)配分的な / (数学で)分配の / 配分詞(each,every,eitherなど群を構成するものを個別に扱う語)
びっくりさせる,ぞっとする / 全くひどい(very bad),不愉快な(offensive)

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2012/10/30 21:50:37」(JST)

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Distributive shock is defined by hypotension and generalized tissular hypoxia. This form of relative hypovolemia is the result of blood vessel dilation.^[1] Septic shock is the major cause^[2], but there are other examples as well.

Examples

Examples of this form of shock are:

Septic shock - This is caused by an overwhelming infection leading to vasodilation, such as by Gram negative bacteria i.e. Escherichia coli which releases an endotoxin which produces adverse biochemical, immunological and occasionally neural mechanisms which are harmful to the body. Although tissues are being hyperperfused due to the massive vasodilation, the hypotensive state of the individual, paired with the massive inflammation found in septic shock, causes a reduction in tissular oxygen extraction (tissular hypoxia). Resultingly, [[SvO₂]] levels are very high.

Septic shock is treated by antibiotics, fluid replacement, and vasoconstrictors.

Anaphylactic shock - Caused by a severe anaphylactic reaction to an allergen, antigen, drug or foreign protein causing the release of histamine which causes widespread vasodilation. Leading to hypotension and increase capillary permeability.
Acute adrenal insufficiency is frequently the result of discontinuing corticosteroid treatment without tapering the dosage.
Neurogenic shock. Neurogenic shock is the rarest form of shock. It is caused by trauma to the spinal cord resulting in the sudden loss of autonomic and motor reflexes below the injury level. Without stimulation by sympathetic nervous system the vessel walls relax uncontrolled, resulting in a sudden decrease in peripheral vascular resistance, leading to vasodilation and hypotension.

References

^ "Shock: Heart and Blood Vessel Disorders: Merck Manual Home Edition". http://www.merck.com/mmhe/sec03/ch024/ch024a.html.
^ Mitchell, Richard Sheppard; Kumar, Vinay; Abbas, Abul K.; Fausto, Nelson. "Chapter 4". Robbins Basic Pathology: With STUDENT CONSULT Online Access (8th ed.). Philadelphia: Saunders. ISBN 1-4160-2973-7.

External links

Intensive Care Medicine by Irwin and Rippe
The ICU Book by Marino
Procedures and Techniques in Intensive Care Medicine by Irwin and Rippe

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UpToDate Contents

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1. 成人におけるショック：種類、症状、および診断的アプローチ shock in adults types presentation and diagnostic approach
2. 小児におけるショックの生理学および分類 physiology and classification of shock in children
3. 心臓手術施行患者の術後合併症 postoperative complications among patients undergoing cardiac surgery
4. 小児におけるショックの初期マネージメント initial management of shock in children
5. 昇圧剤および強心剤の使用 use of vasopressors and inotropes

English Journal

Multi-drug intoxication fatality involving atorvastatin: A case report.

Cibickova L1, Caran T2, Dobias M3, Ondra P3, Vorisek V4, Cibicek N5.
Forensic science international.Forensic Sci Int.2015 Oct 13. pii: S0379-0738(15)00412-0. doi: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2015.09.020. [Epub ahead of print]
Mixed antihypertensive drug intoxication poses a significant risk for patient mortality. In tandem to antihypertensives, hypolipidemic medicines (especially statins) are often prescribed. Among their well-known adverse effects belongs rhabdomyolysis. We report a case of fatal multi-drug overdose in
PMID 26508377

Continuous tissue glucose monitoring correlates with measurement of intermittent capillary glucose in patients with distributive shock.

Ballesteros D1, Martínez Ó2, Blancas Gómez-Casero R2, Martín Parra C2, López Matamala B2, Estébanez B2, Chana M2.
Medicina intensiva / Sociedad Española de Medicina Intensiva y Unidades Coronarias.Med Intensiva.2015 Oct;39(7):405-11. doi: 10.1016/j.medin.2014.09.004. Epub 2014 Dec 12.
BACKGROUND: Intermittent glycemic measurements in patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) can result in episodes of severe hypoglycemia or in a poor control of glycemia range. We designed a study to assess accuracy and reliability of continuous monitoring of tissue glucose for patients wi
PMID 25499901

An uncommon cause of distributive shock: Lessons from two consecutive cases of idiopathic systemic capillary leak syndrome (Clarkson's disease).

Ledochowski S1, Freichet M2, Prieur C3, Friggeri A3, Lega JC4.
Anaesthesia, critical care & pain medicine.Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med.2015 Aug;34(4):251-3. doi: 10.1016/j.accpm.2015.05.003. Epub 2015 Aug 20.
PMID 26300309